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PubMed1991

Pulmonary mucormycosis presenting as massive fatal hemoptysis in a hemodialytic patient with chronic renal failure.

A 38 year old female patient died following massive hemoptysis occurring during maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. In addition to renal dysfunction, laboratory data showed low levels of serum immunoglobulins; chest X-rays did not reveal any abnormal shadows. For the last 11 months, the patient had not received deferoxamine. At autopsy, major bronchi were plugged with coagulated blood. Irregular thickening of the right main bronchial wall close to the lung hilus was noted. Light microscopic examination disclosed mycotic granulomata in the bronchial wall, where the pulmonary arterial wall was also involved. Immunostaining using specific antibody identified Mucor hyphae. The mucormycosis is a serious complication of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis. In the current case, it is likely that immune dysfunction rather than deferoxamine was the important predisposing factor to the growth of the fungus.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Systemic-pulmonary shunting and hemoptysis in a benign intrathoracic teratoma.

Hemoptysis as a presenting symptom in benign intrathoracic teratoma is rare, but we have documented one such case and discuss the various possibilities of why such a problem should arise. The bleeding was secondary to systemic-pulmonary artery shunting, caused at least in part by extensive pleural adhesions. The exact cause of the adhesions was not determined but possibilities include previous infection or trauma. The tumor was successfully removed surgically.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta presenting as massive hemoptysis--a case of successful surgical treatment.

Tuberculous aneurysms of the aorta need early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention because if untreated, they lead to severe consequences. We report herein, a case of a 63 year old woman who underwent successful resection of a tuberculous pseudoaneurysm which had ruptured into the left upper lobe of the lung after a punch biopsy, performed under bronchoscopy, had caused severe bleeding. Subsequent CT and MRI examinations suggested a fistula between the mass and the aorta and proved useful in establishing the diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm. We wish to emphasize the need for bronchoscopy to be done carefully because of the risk of inducing massive hemoptysis.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1988

Bronchial artery embolization to control hemoptysis: a review.

Bronchial artery embolization has become an established technique in the management of massive or recurrent hemoptysis. The clinical background, methods, and results of this procedure are discussed, as are the potential complications and their prevention.

Bronchial Arteries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Embolotherapy for persistent hemoptysis: the significance of pleural thickening.

Elective embolotherapy for recurrent hemoptysis was evaluated for its effectiveness. Forty embolotherapeutic procedures were performed in 30 patients. In the short term, complete hemostasis was achieved in 16 of 40 procedures (40%) and significant improvement in another 16 procedures (40%). Long-term, complete hemostasis was achieved in 14 of 34 procedures (41%) and significant improvement in 12 (35%). Embolotherapy was consistently more effective in patients who had no pleural abnormalities compared with those with pleural thickening. Long-term complete hemostasis was achieved in 7 of 10 procedures (70%) for the patients without pleural thickening and only 7 of 24 (29%) in patients with pleural thickening. Thus, pleural abnormalities negatively influence long-term effectiveness of embolotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Asbestosis, endobronchial Aspergillus infection, and bronchocentric granulomatosis presenting with hemoptysis.

A patient with pulmonary asbestosis developed hemoptysis and a lesion on chest radiograph secondary to bronchocentric granulomatosis (BG) associated with Aspergillus fumigatus. Although pulmonary Aspergillus infection is a known complication of asbestos exposure. BG has not been previously reported in this disorder. This patient's case further documents that Aspergillus hyphae may be present in BG unassociated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. A wide range of processes affecting airways, including asbestos exposure, may be associated with bronchocentric granulomatosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Hemoptysis].

Hemoptysis is a potentially life-threatening complication of various diseases. The most common causes are infectious and inflammatory processes, followed by neoplasms, pulmonary embolisms, mitral stenoses, coagulopathies, and multiple systemic disorders. Primary examinations include a chest x-ray, an angio CT and a bronchoscopy. Sometimes, a bronchial artery angiogram is required. The patient is at risk of suffocation because blood and clots can severely obstruct his airways. Thus, the most important measures are: supplemental oxygen, positioning the patient with the bleeding side down, bronchoscopical suctioning and removal of blood and clots. Coagulopathies have to be corrected. Application of vasoactive drugs may help temporarily. In cases of bleeding from central lesions, coagulation with laser or argon-plasma-coagulator is feasible. Heavy bleeding from the periphery requires a balloon or tube tamponade. Depending on the cause and the severity of the bleeding either anti-inflammatory medical treatment, hemostyptic radiation therapy, bronchial artery embolisation or a surgical procedure must follow.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed2003

Hemoptysis: a rare cause can be related to a bronchial varix due to pulmonary venous obstruction.

Bronchial varices, which have rarely been described in the radiology literature, can be the result of pulmonary venous obstruction and may present with hemoptysis. This case is an illustration of this rare condition, which correlates CT findings with bronchoscopic findings. We also describe the findings on phase-contrast MR that demonstrated reversed diastolic flow in the branch pulmonary artery supplying the affected lung.

Bronchi↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cholangiocarcinoma presenting as lung mass with hemoptysis.

A case of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma with the presentation of chronic hemoptysis and lung mass without evident jaundice is reported. Exophytic spread of hepatobiliary disease through the diaphragm through perihepatic ligaments is described as the possible route of invasion of the tumor.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗

PubMed2003

Proximal left subclavian artery aneurysm presenting hemoptysis, hoarseness, and diplopia: repair through partial cardiopulmonary bypass and perfusion of the left common carotid artery.

Isolated true aneurysm of the subclavian artery is rare and can rupture, thrombose, embolize, or cause symptoms by local compression. We describe a case of a 67-year-old man with proximal left subclavian artery aneurysm presenting with hemoptysis, hoarseness, and diplopia. These symptoms suggested that the aneurysm ruptured, that the left recurrent laryngeal nerve was compressed by it, and that its mural thrombus caused cerebral embolism. It was incidentally confirmed that the aneurysm grew at the rate of 1.31 cm/year, from 3.0 to 4.2 cm in diameter for 11 months, preciously measured in a computed tomography scan. The aneurysm was successfully repaired via partial cardiopulmonary bypass and separate perfusion of the left common carotid artery through cross-clamping the descending thoracic aorta and the aortic arch between the origins of the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery. Neither partial clamping of the aortic arch at the portion branching the left subclavian artery nor taping the aortic arch between the origins of the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery could be achieved.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management.

Hemoptysis is a frightening and potentially life-threatening symptom. However, most cases can be approached effectively with conservative management. Bronchial artery embolization should be attempted when bleeding is refractory to medical therapy, and surgery may be needed in severe hemorrhage.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1989

Familial multiple-organ arterial ectasia with massive hemoptysis.

Numerous large, thin-walled ectatic arteries up to 1 cm in diameter were encountered during operation on a 20-year-old patient. These vessels covered most of the right pleural surface. Similar symptomatic ectatic vessels were found arising from the left side and intracranially. Eight years later large arteriovenous malformations developed from chest wall and scar tissues that required ligations to control hemoptysis. This case was unique in that extensive multiorgan capillary and arterial systems were involved.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Swan-Ganz catheter-induced massive hemoptysis and pulmonary artery false aneurysm.

Swan-Ganz catheter-induced massive hemoptysis and later pulmonary artery false aneurysm occurred in a patient with prosthetic mitral regurgitation. This patient was successfully managed by double-lumen endotracheal intubation, control of pulmonary hypertension, reversal of anticoagulation, mitral valve re-replacement, and transcatheter embolization. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with hemoptysis.

A 53-year-old man who had previously undergone resection of a left ventricular aneurysm was admitted because of hemoptysis. Preoperative evaluation with computed tomographic scan and cardiac catheterization demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior ventricular wall measuring 16 cm in diameter with protrusion into the left hemithorax. The neck of the pseudoaneurysm was a defect in the ventricular wall extending from the base of the mitral valve annulus to the insertion of the posterior papillary muscle. Operative repair was performed using an albumin-coated, low-porosity Dacron patch.

Heart Aneurysm↗

PubMed1991

Massive hemoptysis due to broncholithiasis.

Massive hemoptysis due to broncholithiasis is rare. Such a case is presented here, and the literature is reviewed. Surgical resection is the preferred definitive therapy, as a lack of bronchial artery collaterals limits the utility of bronchial artery embolization.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Pneumonectomy for unremitting hemoptysis in unilateral absence of pulmonary artery.

Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery is a rare malformation that can present as an isolated lesion or may be associated with other congenital heart defects. Clinical presentation is subtle when the lesion occurs alone, and may include hemoptysis, which results from rupture of abundant bronchial submucosal vessels perfused by enlarged systemic collaterals that supply the affected lung. Pneumonectomy is recommended as definitive treatment in such an adult patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Management of major hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Although bronchoscopy remains the best definitive method for localization of the site of hemorrhage in patients who have massive hemopytsis, angiography remains an important adjunct to this localization. When combined with embolization of the bleeding bronchial artery, it is an effective method of therapy for the management of massive hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Broncholithiasis: its detection by computed tomography in patients with recurrent hemoptysis of unknown etiology.

Broncholithiasis is often not diagnosed by conventional roentgenography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Demonstrated here and three such cases of "recurrent hemoptysis of unknown etiology,". The broncholith in each case was clearly demonstrated only by the thoracic computed tomography (CT). We stress that CT is an extremely useful modality in the diagnosis of broncholithiasis and that the true incidence of broncholithiasis could be greater than was previously believed.

Adult↗