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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Merkel cell tumor masquerading as granulation tissue on a teenager's toe.

Merkel cell tumor (MCT) typically occurs on the head or neck of elderly patients. A case is presented of a teenage girl with an MCT on her toe. The diagnosis was made 5 years after an ingrown nail on the toe was avulsed. During the interim 5 years, the periungual skin looked like granulation tissue and thus no biopsy was performed. This case of MCT is unique in three aspects: (a) extraordinarily young age, (b) atypical site, and (c) deceptive clinical appearance. Awareness of the possible occurrence of MCT in younger patients and in unusual locations will facilitate earlier diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Energy metabolism in the granulation tissue of diabetic rats during cutaneous wound healing.

The skin cells chiefly depend on carbohydrate metabolism for their energy requirement during cutaneous wound healing. Since the glucose metabolism is greatly hampered in diabetes and this might affect wound repair process. This prompted us to investigate the intermediate steps of energy metabolism by measuring enzyme activities in the wound tissues of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats following excision-type of cutaneous injury. The activities of key regulatory enzymes namely hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) have been monitored in the granulation tissues of normal and diabetic rats at different time points (2, 7, 14 and 21 days) of postwounding. Interestingly, a significant alteration in all these enzyme activities was observed in diabetic rats. The activity of PFK was increased but HK, LDH and CS showed a decreased activity in the wound tissue of diabetics as compared to normal rats. However G6PD exhibited an elevated activity only at early stage of healing in diabetic rats. Thus, the results suggest that significant alterations in the activities of energy metabolizing enzymes in the wound tissue of diabetic rats may affect the energy availability for cellular activity needed for repair process and this may perhaps be one of the factor responsible for impaired healing in these subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cervical cord compression due to extradural granulation tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. A review of five cases.

Five patients with long-standing, severe rheumatoid arthritis who developed cervical myelopathy at the subaxial levels are presented. In each patient the myelopathy occurred in the absence of major subluxation. At laminectomy the cause of the cord compression was found to be a band-like mass of ligamentous and granulation tissue in the posterior half of the extradural space, extending to the underlying portion of the dura and forming a constricting ring. In three patients this constricting ring was released by longitudinal division of the dura followed by application of a fascial patch graft. This release seems to be essential for effective decompression of the cord and good neurological recovery was achieved in these three patients. Of the other two patients, the result was fair in one and poor in the other, this latter result being due to severe intra-operative bleeding with a massive wound haematoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacological reactivity of granulation tissue.

The contractile system of the myofibroblast has well defined characteristics. The findings suggest the presence of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic as well as alpha and beta-adreno-receptors, although both appear to be immature. It does not have cholinergic or histaminergic receptors. The contractile system is inhibited by cytochalasin B and is not sensitive to colchicine. The contractile machinery is suggested to be the microfilament system, as it occurs in the contractile apparatus of primitive cells. This is in accordance with the role of myofibroblasts in granulation tissue neoformation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cytokine expression in periapical granulation tissue as assessed by immunohistochemistry.

The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immune-related cytokines present in periapical lesions. We investigated the expression of cytokines: namely interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of periapical granulation tissue. The study samples were biopsies from 24 patients with periapical lesions: 12 with periapical granulomas and 12 patients with radicular cysts. Immunohistochemistry was also performed on tonsillar tissue which served as a control. We utilised a set of specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal monospecific antibodies to detect cells that expressed the different cytokines within the tissues. We also considered the nature of the periapical immune response by investigation of the T-helper 1 (Th-1) and T-helper 2 (Th-2) lymphocyte subsets using their cytokine profile, i.e., Th-1: IL-2 and IFN-gamma and Th-2: IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. Only a few cells were weakly positive for the IL-2 protein in each of the tissue sections. Cells that expressed IL-4 or IL-6 were far more numerous than cells that expressed either IL-2 or IFN-gamma. Thus, we demonstrated a greater number of Th-2 cells in periapical lesions. This relative ratio of the T-cell subsets underlines the importance of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms taking place in the diseased tissue manifested by the wide array of IL-10-expressing cells: B cells, T suppressor cells (CD8 (+)) and tissue macrophages. The numbers of inflammatory cells expressing the anti-inflammatory molecules far outnumbered the cells that expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the downregulation of the inflammatory response and the predominant Th-2 or humoral immune response in periapical periodontitis may be important features that dictate the outcome of the disease process in the periapical lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A case of non-specific interstitial pneumonia effectively treated with a combination of prednisolone and colchicine, in which granulation tissue was extensive.

A 56-year-old woman was admitted for interstitial pneumonia, and subsequently diagnosed with idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia with a bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia pattern, on the basis of clinical and surgical lung biopsy findings. Histological findings revealed diffuse thickness of alveolar walls accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis in the lobules. In addition to those findings, granulation tissue was extensive. Although initial symptom and CT improvement occurred following high-dose prednisolone therapy, the CT did not show further improvement and her serum KL-6 level began increasing again as prednisolone was reduced. With the addition of colchicine therapy, clinical and CT findings improved remarkably and a further reduction of the prednisolone dose was achieved. This case suggests that the combination of colchicine and corticosteroids may be an effective therapy for non-specific interstitial pneumonia.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2004

Granulation tissue with eosinophil infiltration in the restenotic lesion after coronary stent implantation.

Although stents reduce the rate of vessel restenosis, in-stent restenosis is a recognized clinical problem and it appears that patients positive for allergic patch-test reactions to the stent components nickel and molybdenum have increased rates of it. A patient with angina pectoris had repeated episodes of restenosis after stent implantation and histological examination demonstrated granulation tissue with eosinophil infiltration in the restenotic lesion of the coronary artery. The patient was positive for an allergic reaction to the stent components.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1991

Formation of granulation tissue in intra-abdominal viscose cellulose sponges. An experimental study in rats.

Formation of intra-abdominal granulation tissue was studied in 32 rats 2, 4, 7 or 21 days after implantation of viscose cellulose sponges. The concentrations of DNA, RNA-ribose, uronic acids, hexosamines, nitrogen and collagen were then measured in the sponges. The rats' body weight fell by 10-15% in the first week, but was regained within 3 weeks. The sponges induced dense intra-abdominal adhesions, reflected in highly active connective tissue formation. This process seemed analogous to that seen in granuloma formation in subcutaneous tissue or wound healing, but the synthesis of macromolecules was especially pronounced in the peritoneal cavity. The experimental model offers a new means for studying intra-abdominal adhesions and permits evaluation of factors claimed to have stimulating, inhibiting or no effect on intra-abdominal adhesion formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and T cell cytokine profile in periodontitis granulation tissue.

Th2 cells are more abundant than Th1 cells in periodontitis lesions, but the relative importance of the Th1 and Th2 subsets in periodontal disease is not understood. In addition, the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in this disease process is unclear. Biopsies were obtained from 10 patients with early onset periodontitis (EOP) and 10 patients with adult periodontitis (AP). From all of the patients in the AP group we were able to obtain and section the gingival tissue to serve as controls. We used polyclonal monospecific antibodies to detect cells expressing IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of granulation tissue from periodontitis lesions. We also employed a series of oligonucleotide probes to detect cells expressing the cytokine transcripts in the same tissue biopsies. Cells that expressed IL-4 or IL-6 were more numerous than cells expressing either IL-2 or IFN-gamma. Th2 cells were more numerous in EOP and AP tissues. IL-15 substitutes for IL-2 in a number of biological activities related to the Th1 immune response, and interestingly, in periodontal lesions the IL-15-expressing cells outnumbered IL-2-expressing cells, suggesting that this is the pattern of immune regulation by T cells in the periodontium. The functional balance in the T cell subsets detected by their cytokine profiles underlies the importance of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms taking place in the diseased tissue. The numbers of inflammatory leucocytes that express the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 are much more widely distributed than those that express the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This study suggests that large numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells as well as accessory cells are involved in the down-regulation of the inflammatory and immune response in periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sucralfate induces proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in culture and granulation tissue formation in full-thickness skin wounds.

Sucralfate is used to induce healing of gastrointestinal tract ulcers. We evaluated its potential utility in the healing of skin wounds. Initial experiments examined the effects of the sucralfate on proliferation of cultured dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Sucralfate induced proliferation in quiescent cultures of both cell types. Additionally, sucralfate enhanced prostaglandin E2 synthesis in basal keratinocytes and in interleukin-1-stimulated keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Basal interleukin-1 and 6 release were not affected by sucralfate, but the agent enhanced interleukin-1-stimulated interleukin-6 release from fibroblasts. When applied daily to full-thickness wounds in rats, sucralfate increased the thickness of granulation tissue when assessed at day 12.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Collagen-poly glycolic acid hybrid matrix with basic fibroblast growth factor accelerated angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in diabetic mice.

Because poor skin wound healing associated with diabetes is thought to be partly a result from impaired angiogenesis, treatments that improve angiogenesis could have important clinical applications. We herein report the effects of novel developed material, collagen-poly glycolic acid fiber hybrid matrix, being used together with basic fibroblast growth factor to promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defects on the back of type 2 diabetic Lepr(db) mice. Our data indicates that this therapeutic approach markedly promotes angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in comparison with other conditions 14 days after wounding.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Laser resection of granulation tissue secondary to transtracheal oxygen catheter.

Oxygen therapy through a transtracheal catheter has been used increasingly for the long-term delivery of continuous oxygen. Compared to nasal cannula it results in significant reduction in oxygen flow requirements. This form of therapy has gained patient acceptance because of several advantages including improved convenience, aesthetics, compliance, and mobility. Reported complications generally have been minor, including subcutaneous emphysema, cough, "mucous ball" formation and mild hemoptysis. In this report, we describe a case of granulation tissue formation at the transtracheal catheter puncture site which was treated with Nd:YAG laser bronchoscopy to reestablish patency of the upper airway. No recurrence was noted after two years of follow-up.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1988

Hepatocarcinogens induce gene mutations in rats in fibroblast-like cells from a subcutaneous granulation tissue.

Gene-mutations at the 6-thioguanine locus, in fibroblast like-cells rapidly proliferating on the inside of rat subcutaneous air pouches were analysed (Granuloma Pouch Assay). Target cells were exposed directly by injection into the air pouch, or systemically by oral or intraperitoneal administration to three hepatocarcinogens aflatoxin B1, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and vinylchloride. In addition ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was used as a positive control, and 2-aminofluorene to characterize the pharmacokinetic behaviour of 2-AAF. When administered directly, all chemicals except 2-AAF induced a dose-dependent increase in gene-mutation frequencies. However, 2-AAF was mutagenic after oral administration. The highest inducible mutation frequencies found with the hepatocarcinogens were 8 to 10 times the spontaneous mutation frequency, but only approximately 10% of that found with the control mutagen ENU. The known enzymic activation capacity of the granulation tissue, and the mutagenic activity of other chemicals in this system already reported, suggest that after direct exposure, the prostaglandin H synthetase pathway or lipoxygenases are involved in the activation of the hepatotoxins to gene mutation inducing species in vivo. 2-AAF seems to be converted via stable intermediates to the ultimate mutagenic species in the extra-hepatic target tissues.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1979

Development of enhanced blood flow responses to prostaglandin E1 in carrageenan-induced granulation tissue.

The distribution of cardiac output (c.o.) was measured by the radioactive microsphere method in rats at different time intervals after the implantation of carrageenan-impregnated sponges. The amount of blood distributed to the developing granulomata increased from day 5 after sponge implantation to day 7, but showed no further increase at day 10. A similar pattern in blood flow was observed in the skin covering the granulomata. Injection of PGE1 (100 Ng) into the sponges led to an increase in blood flow, the magnitude of which became gradually larger between days 5 and 10. A similar, though less marked increase in sensitivity to PGE1 was observed in the skin covering the granulomata, PGE1 causing a significant increase in blood flow to the skin on day 10. These changes in sensitivity to exogenous PGE1 may be due to decreasing levels of endogenous PGE and/or maturation of the newly formed blood vessels in the granulation tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Exuberant granulation tissue in the stomach of a horse.

A 4-year-old stallion was examined because of a 2-month history of inappetance and weight loss. Diarrhoea had also developed a month before presentation. Abnormal clinical findings were emaciation, diarrhoea, ventral oedema, palpable mesenteric lymph node enlargement and a large mass in the left cranial portion of the abdomen. Significant laboratory findings were anaemia (packed cell volume 0.21 litres/litre), hypoalbuminaemia (16 g/litre) and xylose malabsorption. The horse was euthanased and at necropsy a 10.5 kg pendunculated mass composed of granulation tissue was found within and attached to the stomach. There was villous atrophy diffusely throughout the small intestine. The inciting cause of the gastric mass was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation and purification of a small molecular weight hydroxyproline-containing structural glycopeptide from early mammalian granulation tissue.

A small molecular weight structural glycopeptide was solubilized after collagenase digestion of the connective tissue capsule surrounding the 5-day sponge-implant of the rat. The major amino acids are one residue each of aspartic and glutamic acids, proline, hydroxyproline and alanine and two residues of glycine, and the carbohydrates are one residue each of glucose, xylose and hexosamine and two residues of mannose. The sum of the amino acid and carbohydrate residues gives a molecular weight of 1635. Dansylation of the glycopeptide produces a single strongly fluorescent yellow-orange amino-terminal spot, not positively identified. The solubilization of the granuloma glycopeptide by collagenase and its composition are suggestive of its association with an immature form of collagen in early granulation tissue.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Purification of two ribonucleases from macrophage culture medium and studies on their effect on granulation-tissue fibroblasts.

Two ribonuclease activities have been isolated from macrophage culture medium. SDS-electrophoresis gave a molecular weight of 26,000 for both RNAases. The two RNAases differ only slightly in their enzymic properties. They are optimally active at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, and are not activated by monovalent or divalent cations or by spermine. Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and heparine inactivate them but they are not affected by the RNAase inhibitor from rat liver. They both degrade RNA endonucleolytically to mono- and oligonucleotides. They react to synthetic polynucleotides, especially poly(C), but do not degrade the synthetic double-stranded RNA poly(I) . poly(C), or double or single-stranded DNA. RNAase 1 inhibits DNA synthesis and increases degradation of RNA in granulation-tissue fibroblasts but RNAase 2 at the same concentration does not have these effects.

Animals↗