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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison of latex antigens from surgical gloves, ammoniated and nonammoniated latex: effect of ammonia treatment on natural rubber latex proteins.

Immediate hypersensitivity to latex proteins from contact with natural rubber latex gloves has been increasingly reported, especially in health care workers. Proteins in the latex responsible for these reactions may potentially be extractable, adsorbed on glove powder, or remain unextractable. Because these gloves are manufactured from ammoniated natural rubber latex, our knowledge on the effect of ammonia on latex proteins is incomplete. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of ammoniation on the protein profile and antigenicity or allergenicity of natural rubber latex proteins (NAL). Results indicate that ammonia treatment leads to breakdown and even precipitation of certain latex proteins. However, the antigenicity or allergenicity of NAL is preserved in the degraded proteins that present as extractable latex antigens of gloves. In addition to the proteins present in glove extract and proteins adsorbed to glove powder, certain latex proteins (23, 10, and 8 kd) remain firmly bound to glove film as "unextractable" latex antigens that cannot be removed by washing. The unextractable latex antigens may represent the antigens precipitated by ammonia treatment and may be associated with latex allergy.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1995

Electrical permeability of vinyl gloves.

Electrical (ionic) conductivity through operating gloves is a test of glove integrity. In 1958 Penikett and Gorrill used electrical conductivity as a test for glove leaks. In 1959 similar work was done by Beck to verify electrical conductivity as an indicator of leaky gloves. Further research was done by Russell, Roque and Miller in 1956 to verify the relationship between leaky gloves and electrical conductivity. In 1994 Ozata, Septcioglu, Turkin and Eltem found that the one brand of vinyl gloves they tested all passed electricity. Our research was undertaken to test and expand the findings of Ozata and his group on several brands of vinyl gloves widely distributed in the U.S.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed1994

Use of gloves among dentists in Sweden--a 3-year follow-up study.

150 community dentists and 200 private general dental practitioners in southern Sweden were asked about the frequency of glove use in dental practice and related issues. This was a 3-year follow-up study. 76% of the community GDPs and 29% of the private GDPs used gloves regularly in all patient treatment. The group consisted mostly of female and younger dentists. Dentists never using gloves at all were older, male private practitioners. Difficulties to adjust using gloves and mostly non-risk-clientele were the two main reasons for dentists not to use gloves regularly. Skin complaints related to glove use seems to have increased from 1988 to 1991. Cross-infection-risk by HIV from patient was assessed as low although the main reason for most dentist to use gloves regularly was the contemporary debate about AIDS and HIV in media.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The impact of starch-powdered gloves on the formation of adhesions in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of starch powdered surgical gloves on the postoperative formation of adhesions in a standard rat model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, double-blind study. MATERIAL: 197 rats. INTERVENTIONS: Abdominal cavity was exposed to gloves during the induction of adhesions and for an additional two minutes. Animals were operated on with the operator wearing either starch-powdered or powder-free gloves. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Formation of adhesions and starch particles present in the adhesions after one, three, 12, or 24 weeks. RESULTS: When powdered gloves were worn the percentage of adhesions formed was significantly greater (n = 197, p < 0.01) than when powder-free gloves were worn. Starch particles were found in biopsy specimens from rats operated on with powdered gloves, but not when powder-free gloves were used. CONCLUSION: Even the small amount of starch that settles in the abdominal cavity during an operation increases the amount of adhesions formed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

Application of a new technology to the design of effective anti-vibration gloves.

Gloves that attenuate vibration above approximately 25 Hz and that exceed the characteristics of standard viscoelastic gloves have been developed using an air bladder system in the palm and fingers of a glove. Testing was performed on a variety of viscoelastic gloves currently marketed to obtain the ratio of energy leaving the handle of a vibrating device and the energy entering the hand. Several simple rectangular air bladders of varying thickness were developed and tested for their vibration attenuating characteristics. A four degree-of-freedom, lumped-parameter model of the vibration response of the human and air bladder was developed using measured hand and bladder parameters. This model, along with subjective criteria, was used to design and fabricate two prototype air bladder gloves. These gloves were tested and found to exceed adopted standard requirements and the characteristics of standard viscoelastic gloves. The prototypes in this study will be further developed, adapted and marketed for practical applications.

Air↗
PubMed1997

The microbial and physical quality of recycled gloves.

Plastic surgical gloves reprocessed at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) were tested for microbiological and physical quality, using standard, disposable, factory sterilised surgical gloves as reference. The microbiological tests were carried out using slightly modified British Pharmacopoeia method. The tests to check on the physical integrity of the gloves were designed in our laboratories. A total of 48 pairs of each group were tested. 41.67% of the reprocessed gloves and 12.5% of the reference glove failed sterility test, whereas 47.9% of the former and 0% of the latter had physical defects. These results show significant difference in the microbiological and physical quality of the reprocessed and reference gloves. The reprocessing of plastic surgical gloves is therefore, potentially dangerous and it is strongly recommended that it is discontinued at all levels of health-care institutions.

Disposable Equipment↗
PubMed1998

Infection control and HIV-related discrimination and anxiety. Glove use during venipuncture.

OBJECTIVE: Reports into HIV-related discrimination reveal continuing concerns about the behaviour of health care workers, particularly with reference to practices such as excessive or selective infection control. This study examines whether the selective adoption of an infection control procedure (using gloves during venipuncture) is related to discriminatory attitudes, anxiety about HIV/AIDS and the degree of contact with HIV-infected patients. METHOD: In 1993 and 1994, 451 general practitioners (GPs) were surveyed in six of the 12 New South Wales Health Areas and Regions. The sample included 49 anti-retroviral prescribers. GPs were presented with six patient scenarios and asked with whom they would use gloves during venipuncture. RESULTS: 41.9% of GPs reported that they would selectively use gloves, and generally targeted the homosexual patient only, or combinations of patients that included the homosexual man. GPs revealed poor compliance with universal precautions, as only 37.5% reported that they would use gloves with all of the six patients. Intended glove use was significantly related to HIV-related discrimination (p < 0.0001) and anxiety about HIV/AIDS (p < 0.0001). GPs who selectively chose to use gloves had the highest discrimination and anxiety scores; GPs who chose not to use gloves with any of the patients had the lowest discrimination and anxiety scores, and were more likely to work in HIV medicine. Except for differences in Health Area, this study did not identify any factors that helped to explain which GPs consistently followed universal precautions. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that selective infection control is related to discriminatory attitudes and anxiety about HIV/AIDS. GPs can avoid a discriminatory practice by consistently following universal precautions. More research is needed to identify the factors that promote good infection control practices.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Quantification of surface defects on chemically protective gloves following their use in agriculture.

Chemically protective gloves are one of the most widely used barriers against hand exposure to pesticide contamination available to workers in primary industry. Polyvinyl chloride and nitrile butadiene rubber gloves were collected from four typical agricultural enterprises in Tasmania. Surface images of new and used gloves, up to 1000 x magnification, were obtained from an environmental scanning electron microscope and were used to classify defects, such as cracks, crazes, cavities, convexities, smooth areas and slumps. Some defects, e.g. cracks, were related to the working life of the gloves, whereas others, e.g. slumps, were associated with the manufacturing process. After viewing, the gloves were analysed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Phosphorus and sulfur peaks were indicative of pesticide retention. Rinsates from the interior of used polyvinyl chloride gloves were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pesticide traces were found suggesting inadequate protection against dermal exposure. It is concluded that these gloves were unable to withstand the rigours of agricultural work because of the nature of the surface defects and they were contaminated with pesticides, outside and inside. Thus, their management needs improvement.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Modification of motor control of wrist extension by mesh-glove electrical afferent stimulation in stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of mesh-glove afferent stimulation on motor control of voluntary wrist movement in stroke patients who have chronic neurological deficits. DESIGN: Case series. Motor control was evaluated by surface EMG of the arm muscles and kinematics of voluntary wrist movements on 3 occasions: before and immediately after the initial session of mesh-glove stimulation, and then after a daily mesh-glove stimulation program conducted over several months. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: The inclusion criteria were: a history of stroke lasting longer than 6 months; completion of a rehabilitation program during early recovery; and preserved cognitive and communicative ability. Fourteen referred patients (age 63 +/- 9yr; time since stroke 31 +/- 22mo) fulfilled the criteria and completed the daily stimulation program. INTERVENTION: A single initial and then daily mesh-glove electrical afferent stimulation was applied to the hand of the involved upper limb for 20 to 30min. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surface EMGs from the affected biceps brachii and wrist extensor muscles and amplitudes of wrist movements were analyzed. RESULTS: The single, initial mesh-glove application had no effect on outcome measures. Following a daily mesh-glove stimulation program, however, both the amplitude of wrist extension movement and wrist extensor integrated EMG were significantly increased while coactivation of biceps brachii decreased. These findings were most prominent in subjects with partially preserved voluntary wrist movements. CONCLUSION: We conclude that daily mesh-glove stimulation can modify altered motor control and improve voluntary wrist extension movement in stroke subjects with chronic neurological deficits.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1998

Reduction of latex aeroallergens and latex-specific IgE antibodies in sensitized workers after removal of powdered natural rubber latex gloves in a hospital.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory symptoms of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy in health care workers (HCWs) have been reported in rooms with a detectable allergen load. Preventive measures have been proposed to reduce the risk of NRL sensitization. OBJECTIVES: Eliminating powdered NRL gloves from the workplace and giving NRL-free material to sensitized workers has been among proposed preventive measures. To appraise the success of such procedures among HCWs, a prospective study was carried out. METHODS: Sensitization of HCWs to NRL was determined by skin prick tests and measurements of specific IgE antibodies. NRL allergen concentrations in room air were measured before and after substitution of powdered NRL gloves with powder-free or synthetic gloves in different departments of a hospital and determined by a competitive inhibition immunoassay. RESULTS: The prevalence of HCWs with positive skin prick test responses and NRL-specific IgE-positive HCWs was 8% (n = 7) among the 90 examined staff members before the intervention started. All 7 reported glove-related allergic symptoms. Six of 7 sensitized subjects had a significant decrease of latex-specific IgE antibody concentrations during follow-up examinations in April and September 1997 (P <.003). Within 24 hours after substitution took place, NRL aeroallergen levels (up to 49.9 ng/m3) fell below the detection limit in areas with synthetic gloves or powder-free NRL gloves alike. Use of asthma medication and antiallergic drugs could be discontinued by 2 HCWs with NRL-related respiratory tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that elimination of powdered NRL gloves is a useful device in reducing aerogen NRL allergen loads below the detection limit and permitting sensitized or allergic personnel to remain on the job.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effects of phase control materials on hand skin temperature within gloves of soccer goalkeepers.

In soccer, goalkeepers routinely wear gloves that may restrict heat loss from the hands and cause thermal discomfort. In order to alleviate this problem phase control materials (PCMs) have been incorporated into gloves to reduce heat load inside the glove, thereby maintaining a comfortable temperature. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of these materials during a simulation of goalkeeping activities. Seven subjects carried out two sessions of goalkeeper-specific exercise on a non-motorized treadmill, one session with a PCM glove and one session with a normal foam material glove (NFM). All sites of skin temperature measurement, except mean whole-body skin temperature, showed uniformly that the PCM glove caused a greater increase in skin temperature of the hand compared to the NFM glove. These results suggest that this particular specification of PCM promotes heat gain rather than heat loss and is therefore inappropriate to enhance thermal comfort in this setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of pressure gradient and thermolactyl control gloves in arthritic patients with swollen hands.

In this study the effect of pressure gradient gloves was compared with that of control gloves by eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and diffusely and symmetrically swollen hands. In the morning at fixed times, grip strength, circumference of PIP joints and proximal phalanges, nocturnal pain and morning stiffness in the hands were measured. Significant improvement of circumference of PIP joints (P less than 0.001) and proximal phalanges (P less than 0.01) were found. On wearing the control gloves, some improvement was also found, but only the circumference of PIP joints decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Nocturnal pain and morning stiffness diminished significantly on wearing both types of glove. Grip strength improved, but not significantly with both. No significant differences were detected between the effects of wearing the two types of glove. No correlation was found between the decreased swelling in the hands as measured by PIP joint circumference or circumference of the proximal phalanges and the decreased nocturnal pain or morning stiffness. This study provided no explanation for the beneficial effect of the gloves. It was shown that for some patients with painful and swollen hands, wearing gloves at night may give relief.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

In vivo and in vitro testing of gloves for protection against UV-curable acrylate resin systems.

In vitro data demonstrated that the permeation of a UV-curable urethane acrylate resin system through glove materials was greatest for latex and neoprene gloves and less for two nitrile gloves. Permeation in vitro for the resin system took longer than 480 min. Individual components of the resin permeated faster when tested separately than when in the formulated system. In vivo 48-h patch test data suggested that neither nitrile glove would be adequate for worker protection, but the in vivo test exaggerated the duration of contact between resin, glove, and skin. Both nitrile gloves provide adequate protection under use conditions, provided the gloves were not re-used within 8 h.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1992

A glove with exceptional protective features minimizes the risks of working with hazardous chemicals.

In continuation of our preceding studies, we disclose long-term experiments to test more extensively the protective power of the novel 4H Glove. 2 compounds encountered in modern electron microscopy technique, 1-hexadecene (1-HD) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), which elicit allergic and/or toxic reactions in laboratory workers, were tested for their penetration through the 4H Glove material 1-HD has not to our knowledge been tested on any glove material. 2-HEA was known to have a breakthrough time exceeding 240 min; in contrast, it penetrates the common latex or vinyl gloves within minutes. When exposing the outside of a 4H Glove to 2-HEA for 200 h at 21 degrees C and then attaching the reverse unexposed side to a sensitized volunteer's forearm, 30 min of contact elicited a barely visible reddening of the skin at the contact site which disappeared within 24 h; 90 min of contact caused a somewhat stronger reddening limited to the contact area, which disappeared within 2 days. By the same criteria, 1-HD did not penetrate through the 4H Glove in 200 h. In an additional experiment, breakthrough time of 1-HD on latex gloves was less than 30 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Allergic and Irritant Glove-related Diseases in Health Care Workers and Their Prevention.

Because the widespread use of gloves by health care workers has induced an increase of both irritant and type I or type IV allergic glove-related diseases, the Italian Society of Preventive Medicine for Health Care Workers set up a working group to collect information about glove composition and to standardize procedures for the diagnosis and prevention of glove-related disease and job-fitness evaluation of employees who will be wearing gloves. In addition, the group made recommendations for educational programs focusing not only on users but also on purchasers, who presently favor glove selection for economic reasons. The group's recommendations are summarized in a consensus document, but cannot be considered definitive. More research is needed to achieve answers to questions raised by the working group, indicated in the consensus document. In particular, diagnostic criteria must be standardized to plan multicenter studies to verify the real extent of the problem, and further studies are needed to verify whether limit values for substances contained in the gloves (e.g., latex proteins, residual chemicals) can be established.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Pressurized sleeves and gloves for protection against acceleration-induced arm pain.

BACKGROUND: Acceleration (or G) induced arm pain may develop in centrifuge runs and in flight with low arm position and assisted pressure breathing during G (PBG) in combination with an extended coverage anti-G suit. To decrease this arm pain, pressurized sleeves and gloves were developed. METHODS: Eight subjects who earlier exhibited G-induced arm pain were tested on the centrifuge. The G-exposures consisted of a gradual onset run up to a maximum of +9 G2, rapid onset runs to +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, and +9 Gz and a simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) with peaks up to +9 Gz. On separate days, the subjects were tested without the sleeves and gloves, and with the sleeves and gloves pressurized to a maximum of 40, 60, or 80 mmHg at +9 Gz. The subjects reported their left and right arm pain on a subjective rating scale. RESULTS: G-induced arm pain, usually starting above +6 Gz, was often the reason for termination of the G-exposure without the pressurized sleeves and gloves. The pressurized sleeves and gloves significantly (p < 0.001) decreased arm pain, put no significant difference was found among the different pressures used. Heart rate was not different with and without the pressurized sleeves and gloves. CONCLUSIONS: The pressurized sleeves and gloves are an effective method to alleviate and sometimes eliminate G-induced arm pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Double gloving and practice attitudes among surgeons.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to blood and body fluids while operating places surgeons at risk. Double gloving is a safety measure, which decreases this risk. However, many surgeons do not incorporate this precaution into their personal practice. This study evaluates surgeons' gloving practices and hepatitis status. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all consultant surgeons and residents in the surgical specialties in the Capital Health region, University of Alberta. A double mail-out design was used. A second questionnaire, containing information on safety issues, was sent to the general surgeons (consultants and residents) who did not double glove to ascertain whether this information would change their practice. RESULTS: In all, 268 surgeons and residents were sent the original questionnaire; 170 replied (63.4% response rate.) Fifty-seven percent of the respondents do not double glove (none of the urologists double glove versus 87% of orthopedic surgeons). The most common reason sited was a decrease in manual dexterity (46%). Ninety-seven percent of respondents are immunized for hepatitis B with 53% having had their titres recently checked. Thirty-seven general surgeons received the evidence on safety issues but only 9 (23%) of them would change their practice as a result of this information. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surgeons and residents do not double glove. Even when provided with good evidence of efficacy, few surgeons contemplate adopting safety techniques.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Australian Dental Research Fund Trebitsch Scholarship. An assessment of the permeability of dental protective gloves.

Several overseas studies have documented the presence of defects in unused latex and vinyl gloves. Since such defects compromise the barrier protection afforded by gloves, information regarding the frequency and site of defects which occur during manufacture is of direct clinical relevance. This study utilized a four-stage testing procedure to evaluate defects in 13 brands of gloves which are used commonly in dental practice in Australia. Macropores in unused gloves were a significant problem, with 10 brands containing 1 per cent or more defective gloves. In addition, variations in electrical conducitivity, signifying microporosity or inconsistencies in thickness, were also observed. These findings indicate that there is room to improve further the quality of protective gloves.

Equipment Failure↗