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The case of a sudden death from late valve entrapment of a left atrial pressure monitoring line not removed postoperatively is considered from both biomechanical and pathological points of view because of its forensic significance in terms of malpractice liability.
Alarming suicide records encouraged the community of science-oriented medicine in the last third of the 19th century to pay more attention to the suicide phenomenon and, in the context of pathological anatomy, to try to identify causes as well as possible approaches to prophylaxis and therapy. Hopes were not satisfied for specific morphological findings from suicide cases, as may be seen from various research results reported in this paper. Nevertheless, this approach had to it social potentials helpful in reducing bias and sanctions against suicides. However, attempts failed to enlarge scientific and social effectiveness by closer coordination of scientific research with efforts to control suicide at psychic and social levels and in public life. Science-oriented medicine actually retreated to biological factors, even before the first world war, and thus left the people concerned exposed to social degradation and marginalisation, as suicide continued to be considered an inescapable fate.
OBJECT: To obtain values of normal human lung and diffuse pathological changes, in order to provide a simple and convenient diagnostic method for measuring human visceral organs in the autopsy of pathology and forensic pathology. METHODS: The exact mass, volume and density of normal and pathological lung were synchronously measured with the intelligentized volume-densimeter made by authors. RESULTS: The date-base about the volume and density of human lung with different races were established for anatomy, anthropology and biodynamics. In two cases of over-load in circulation and water toxicosis, the severe lung edema was proved with the scale of lung density, which was atypical edema in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION: Measurement of visceral organs in the autopsy can assist to an integrative pathological diagnosis.
The principles of modern forensic DNA-analysis using the amplification of so called STR-polymorphisms are explained. Four cases from practise that required the collaboration of forensic molecular biology and pathology and which were analysed by them are presented and discussed. Similarities and variations in the work of both "disciplines" are presented and suggestions for the storage of samples formulated.
Fragmented "wet" bone material can be rapidly reconstructed with a minimum amount of specimen preparation using hot melt adhesives and commercially available electric glue guns. The reconstruction of fragmented bone aids in the analysis and interpretation of extensive trauma cases.
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Profound studies of iatrogenesis from a medical and legal viewpoint are an important task. New medicolegal terms and notions and a classification of iatrogenic conditions are offered for discussion.
OBJECTIVE: To review a satellite facility's autopsy experience with coroner's cases, to determine the volume and type of cases performed; and to evaluate the teaching value of forensic autopsies in a pathology residency training program. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 65 Los Angeles County Coroner cases performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, from 1992 to 1996 was undertaken. Data were retrieved from cause of death statements, medical report forms, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: In the 65 coroner's cases performed from 1992 to 1996, ages ranged from 6 months to 97 years. During this time period, the cases comprised 6.1% (65/1059) of all autopsies at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and 11.3% (65/575) of autopsies excluding fetal and neonatal examinations. Manners of death in the cases were accidental (53.8%), natural (40.0%), suicide (4.6%), and undetermined (1.5%). The most common cause of death in natural deaths was related to heart disease (12/26 [46.2%]). Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause of death (15/35 [42.9%]) in the accidental group. The remainder of the causes of death in both the natural and accidental groups encompassed a wide variety of pathologic processes and injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Forensic autopsies in a pathology residency training program have the potential to supplement a diminishing number of hospital autopsies. A wide variety of diseases are encountered through coroner's cases. Forensic autopsies contribute to residency training by providing experience in trauma cases and a variety of medical disorders.
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The major issue in questioning the performance of general pathologists doing medicolegal or forensic autopsies is that they are very often without a firm basis for performing this task. With minimal training in medical school and minimal exposure during their residency, practicing general pathologists, although expected or even forced to do these cases, may face criticism after their performance in a case. The necessity for teaching forensic medicine and pathology in medical schools is obvious, and the necessity of there being more forensic pathology exposure in residency training programs in the United States and overseas is also obvious. Medical educators are responsible for all phases of medicine being taught to medical undergraduates and graduates and must be pressured to support the practice of all kinds of medicine in American communities, including legal or forensic medicine, in those cases in which questions arise that lead to the performance of postmortem examination.
A survey of board-certified forensic pathologists (from a list of board-certified forensic pathologists supplied by the American Board of Pathology) was conducted to determine their current practice situations. The purpose of the survey was to provide information useful to the public in general and to those organizations that represent forensic pathologists in particular to better understand and meet the needs of the forensic pathology community. A total of 773 surveys were mailed, and 18 were returned as undeliverable. There were 337 replies (45%). Responses were as follows: In terms of age, 7% were in their 30s; 32% were in their 40s; 29% were in their 50s; 19% were in their 60s; and 13% were 70 years of age or older. In terms of gender, 79% were male and 21% were female. For pathology practice status, 72% worked more than 30 hours per week; 11% between 5 and 30 hours per week; 5% less than 5 hours per week; and 12% no longer practice pathology. For percentage of pathology practice that is forensic pathology, 69% of respondents were more than 80%; 6% were 50%-80%; 5% were 25%-50%; 8% were 5%-25%; and 12% were less than 5%. In terms of forensic pathology practice setting, 54% were employed by medical examiner or coroner systems; 13% worked under contract to medical examiner or coroner systems; 27% worked in private practice or consultation; and 6% responded as "other."
Forensic physicians are often called upon by the courts and the public prosecutor's office to give expert opinions and carry out post-mortem examinations, e.g. to determine blood groups or cause of death. The expert is simply aiding the court within the framework of its function of hearing evidence. The court, after considering the evidence, must determine whether an allegation is true or false. Since, for example, the determination of cause of death demands qualified specialized knowledge and a high sense of responsibility, the expert should be both scientifically and personally autonomous in order to preclude wherever possible any conflict of interest. The not-too-distant past has demonstrated that justice, even here, can often be miscarried. This is why the autonomy of the expert is of prime importance. The readjustment to section 87, para. 2, clause 2, StPO may represent an infringement of the principle of autonomy, for in addition to calling on forensic physicians or the heads of forensic or pathology institutes to perform autopsies, as required before the 1975 amendment, these heads are now permitted to delegate their assignments to doctors in their own institutes. In compliance with the decisive trial commentary Loewe-Rosenberg, it should be pointed out that the presence of two pathologists is required by the law, one of whom must be a forensic physician or head of a forensic or pathology institute, and that the court presumes that the participation of delegated doctors will be the exception to the rule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Although detailed descriptions of important characteristics of stab wounds can be found in textbooks of forensic medical pathology, this case focuses attention on a relatively exceptional type of such wounds: the "superficial" stab wound. The "superficial" stab wound may be useful for considering and identifying the stabbing weapon which created the wounds; it is suggested a superficial stab wound has a shallow wound cavity which runs almost parallel to the surface of the body, thus showing that the incised angle of the stabbing weapon is acute to the body surface and that additionally its wound cavity shape may reflect the original profile of the weapon.
The trial against Vidkun Quisling (1887-1945) started on 20 August 1945. The question of whether he might suffer from a brain disease came up in court, and on Saturday 25 August he was examined by pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography on the right side. Nothing pathological was found. Later on it has been claimed that these examinations were "experiments which today would be regarded as life-threatening". This is not correct; they were standard procedures at the time. What is criticizable is that Quisling was brought back to court in a relatively short time after the examinations. This paper gives a brief historic account of the development of the two methods, emphasising the contributions of Norwegian physicians such as Arne Engeset (1906-73) and Leif Emblem (1907-91). It has been claimed that the pneumoencephalography of Quisling has been used as an example of a normal finding from encephalography in the internationally renowned textbook "Clinical examination of the nervous system".