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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The assessment of LIF in uterine flushing--a possible new diagnostic tool in states of impaired fertility.

The objective of this study was to assess the LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) concentration in uterine flushing and serum (ELISA) of women with proven fertility, infertile women and women with recurrent miscarriage. In addition, progesterone level was determined in serum. A decreased production of LIF in the uterine microenvironment was found in states of impaired fertility. With a cut-off point of 8.23 pg/ml for LIF level in uterine flushings we have achieved 86.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detection of women with idiopathic infertility compared to fertile controls. No correlation between LIF in serum and uterine flushing was demonstrated, rendering LIF measurements in serum useless for diagnosis of impaired infertility. We conclude that LIF measurement in uterine flushing could be a useful diagnostic tool to predict unsuccessful implantation.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2006

Impact of pre-dilution and flushing on continuous renal replacement therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Infusing the replacement solution before the filter (pre-dilution) and regular flushing have not been accounted for in conventional mathematical equations. Their effects on various continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) parameters, such as ultrafiltration fraction and urea clearance, have not been well studied. We incorporated these parameters into mathematical equations to help in understanding and prescribing CRRT. METHODS: We built a mathematical model to evaluate the plasma flow rate, filter fluid inflow rate with pre- and post-dilution and ultrafiltration rate, plasma clearance of urea, and ultrafiltration fraction. RESULTS: In pre-dilutional therapy, the volume of replacement needed to be increased in order to achieve the target plasma clearance rate. The extra volume needed increased exponentially with higher target plasma clearance rate. The higher the targeted plasma clearance in relation to blood flow rate (Qb), the greater the increase. Increasing blood flow rate reduced the ultrafiltration fraction for both pre- and post-dilution therapy. It had no effect on plasma clearance with post-dilution therapy but significantly improved the clearance in pre-dilution therapy. Higher haematocrit resulted in higher ultrafiltration fraction in both pre- and post-dilution therapy. Higher haematocrit had no effect on plasma clearance with post-dilution therapy but slightly reduced clearance in pre-dilution therapy. For a given total volume of ultrafiltration, flushing reduced plasma clearance with both pre- and post-dilution therapy. Flushing slightly reduced ultrafiltration fraction of post-dilution therapy but minimally increased the ultrafiltration fraction of pre-dilution therapy. This mathematical model could be utilised in prescribing Qb and replacement rate based on targeted plasma clearance, ultrafiltration fraction, fluid removal rate and haematocrit. There was close approximation of predicted and measured urea plasma clearance. CONCLUSION: Pre-dilution therapy reduced urea clearance significantly and this needed to be compensated for by increasing the volume of ultrafiltration or Qb. Flushing was of limited benefit and may reduce urea clearance. In prescribing haemofiltration, Qb and replacement rate could be determined with this model.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

[A newly devised continuous catheter flush system for arterial pressure monitoring].

Since Gardner et al. demonstrated a useful continuous catheter flush system in 1970, various systems for blood pressure monitoring have been commercialized. However, some problems have not been solved yet, such as hazard of embolism, infarction, unexpected infusion of large amount of fluid etc.. We have introduced a new type of flush system. which consists of disposable plastic unit with a one-way valve newly developed by us (SAT-route) and a syringe pump (Terumo STC-521). Using this system, only 0.5 ml.hr-1 infusion of heparinized saline was sufficient to prevent the formation of thrombus. Flushing was easily achieved by only pushing the purge button of the pump. As a result, simple, safe and high fidelity pressure monitoring was achieved without much altering the waveform of arterial pressure during flushing. The dynamic frequency response obtained from a square wave test was excellent, with natural frequency of about 40 Hz and damping coefficient of about 0.3. This system is useful especially for perioperative management of small children undergoing cardiac surgery, who require an exquisite infusion therapy and fluid restriction.

Blood Pressure Monitors↗
PubMed1986

Effect of flushing the vasa deferentia at the time of vasectomy on the rate of clearance of spermatozoa from the ejaculates of dogs and cats.

Flushing the vasa deferentia (ductus deferentes) at the time of vasectomy reduced to zero the number of intact spermatozoa by postvasectomy day 6 in the dog and by postvasectomy day 7 in the cat and shortened the time from vasectomy to azoospermia in the dog, but not in the cat. The fluid used to flush the vasa deferentia was not eliminated through the penile urethra, but flowed into the urinary bladder, indicating that the least resistant pathway for the exit of vasal content in the anesthetized dog and cat is toward the urinary bladder. Both control and treated dogs and cats had spermatozoa in the urine obtained by cystocentesis immediately after ejaculation or ejaculation and flushing of the vasa deferentia. Flushing the vasa deferentia at the time of vasectomy is easy to do, safe, and can be used in clinical practice to decrease the time from vasectomy to the safe utilization of dogs and cats as teasers. The procedure has potential application to males of other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The chlorpropamide alcohol flush test in diabetes mellitus: methods for objective evaluation.

In order to study the objective value of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF) the facial skin temperature and plasma acetaldehyde methods were compared to the visible response (flush/no flush) on standardized CPAF and alcohol challenge tests in 137 type 2 diabetics. Three criteria of CPAF are defined. A visible facial flush was noted in 53% of the diabetics. An increase in facial skin temperature of at least 1.0 degrees C was found in 90% of the subjects with a visible facial flush (flushers), but in only 14% of non-flushers. An increase in plasma acetaldehyde of at least 4 mumol/l was found in 86% of the flushers and in only 15% of non-flushers. Using these criteria to study CPAF all flushers satisfied at least two and 78% fulfilled all three criteria, while no non-flusher fulfilled more than one and 74% satisfied no CPAF criteria. However, with the alcohol test 5% could be identified as alcohol flushers having a falsely positive CPAF-test. In conclusion, it was possible to evaluate the CPAF test objectively with the facial skin temperature and plasma acetaldehyde methods.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1982

Blockade of carcinoid flush with cimetidine and clonidine.

A patient with the carcinoid syndrome had flushes provoked by the ingestion of water at 60 degrees C, red wine, and milk chocolate. The patient was given sequential courses of clonidine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, cimetidine, and a combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine. No flushes followed ingestion of red wine or milk chocolate during treatment courses with cimetidine (alone or in combination with chlorpheniramine) or clonidine. Chlorpheniramine alone did not affect flushing. None of the pharmacologic agents altered the flushing response to the ingestion of water at 60 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of progestins on vasomotor flushes.

For patients with severe vasomotor flushes who require therapy but for whom estrogens are contraindicated, progestins can be tried. These drugs appear to offer the benefit of a reduction of vasomotor flushes without such unwanted side effects as the increased risk of contracting endometrial cancer. However, progestins cannot replace estrogens universally since there is no evidence that they prove effective against osteoporosis-related fractures and genital atrophy. Nonetheless, as more physicians begin to add medroxyprogesterone acetate to the estrogen regimen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, it might be that a lower dose of estrogen will be necessary to relieve flushes. We hope that this additive effect exists, although it has not yet been shown. Whether or not the addition of medroxyprogesterone will carry risks or counteract the beneficial effects of estrogens on such disorders as osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. What is clear from the medroxyprogesterone and estrogen studies is that whenever these drugs are discontinued, the vasomotor flushes can recur, albeit with less intensity and less frequency.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Retrograde versus antegrade flush in canine left lung preservation for six hours.

BACKGROUND: Retrograde flush through the left atrium is now used by some investigators in clinical lung preservation. However, to date there are no studies which compare its result with that of routine antegrade flush. METHODS: Mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: antegrade group (n = 7) and retrograde group (n = 8). After flush and 6 hours of cold storage in Euro-Collins solution, the left lung was transplanted in weight matched recipients, and their right pulmonary artery was then clamped at 10-, 30-, 60-, and 120-minute intervals for 10 minutes to test the lung function. The ultrastructure of lungs in both groups were also studied. RESULTS: Results showed the following (antegrade group versus retrograde group): the wet/dry ratio of the transplanted lung was 7.14 +/- 0.15 versus 6.33 +/- 0.20 (p < 0.01); the arterial oxygen tension (mm Hg) was 389 +/- 42 versus 534 +/- 23 (p < 0.05) and 370 +/- 51 versus 580 +/- 37 (p < 0.01) at 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. The peak airway pressure (cm H2O) was 23.4 +/- 0.8 versus 20.6 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.05) and 23.7 +/- 0.6 versus 21.3 +/- 0.8 (p < 0.05) at 10 and 60 minutes, respectively. Electron microscopic studies showed that at the end of preservation, type I and type II pneumocytes and capillaries were normal in both groups. Occluded capillaries with red blood cells were found in the antegrade group. After reperfusion, damaged epithelium and thicker air-blood barrier were found in the antegrade group. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde flush offers a better lung preservation with less edema, decreased airway resistance, and improved oxygenation as compared with the antegrade group in 6 hours lung preservation.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1997

Risk of shedding Salmonella organisms by market-age hogs in a barn with open-flush gutters.

OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms and serum antibodies to Salmonella sp in market-age pigs housed in barns with partially slotted floors or solid floors with open-flush gutters. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of prevalence. SAMPLE POPULATION: Finishing-age pigs deemed by the producer to be within 1 month of slaughter. PROCEDURE: Fecal and serum samples were obtained from a group of 121 pigs housed in a barn with solid floors (31 fecal samples, 30 serum samples) and from a group of about 400 pigs housed on partially slotted floors (57 fecal samples, 64 serum samples). Fecal samples were submitted for bacteriologic culture to detect Salmonella organisms, and serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of ELISA. RESULTS: Salmonella agona was isolated from 26 of 31 (84%) fecal samples obtained from pigs housed in the open-flush gutter barn, compared with 5 of 57 (9%) fecal samples from pigs in the barn with slotted floors. Median value for optical density was higher for serum samples from pigs housed in the open-flush gutter barn. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Housing of finishing-age swine in barns with open-flush gutters may contribute to increased shedding of Salmonella sp. Analysis of our observations indicated that repeated exposure to infected feces is important in prolonging fecal shedding by swine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of the flow rate during flushing on porcine multivisceral preservation.

The effect of flushing flow rate during multiple organ procurement (MOP) on viability of the liver, pancreas, and intestine were investigated in porcine multivisceral transplantation. Splanchnic organs were flushed in situ with 50 ml/kg of 4 degrees C UW solution via the aorta using a pump at a flow rate of 10, 30, or 50 ml/kg/min. After storage and transplantation, we assessed the clearance of hyaluronic acid (CHA) for hepatic endothelial cells function, liver enzymes, amylase, and histology. Two-day survival was 17% in the 10 ml/kg/min group and 67% in other groups. The former group had inadequate flushing out of the hepatic and intestinal grafts, resulting in aggravation of CHA and intestinal tissue injury. At the flow rate of 30 ml/kg/min, the viability and integrity of all organs were well maintained. We conclude that the optimal flushing flow rate would differ for each organ, therefore the common flow rate acceptable for any of the individual grafts should be applied in MOP.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Postherpetic gustatory flushing and sweating.

An 11-year-old girl who had suffered right facial herpes zoster at the age of 6 years was left with anesthetic scars in the distribution of the third division of the trigeminal nerve. Since then, certain tastes provoked flushing and sweating localized to the scarred areas, lasting for 10 to 15 minutes after a latency of a few seconds. The response was evoked most readily from the ipsilateral posterior section of the tongue and was virtually abolished by local administration of anesthesia to the tongue. It remained unaltered after blockade of the sphenopalatine and stellate ganglia but was diminished by blockade of the mandibular nerve. Thermoregulatory sweating and flushing were diminished in the scarred areas. Patchy destruction of sympathetic fibers, which are known to accompany peripheral trigeminal nerve branches, and reinnervation of the affected areas by parasympathetic fibers that normally mediate salivation may explain the phenomenon. It is thus analogous to the gustatory flushing and sweating that may follow damage to the auriculotemporal nerve in the region of the parotid gland (Frey's syndrome).

Child↗
PubMed1994

Intra- and extracerebral blood flow changes and flushing after intravenous injection of human corticotropin-releasing hormone.

To study facial flush after systemic administration of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) we injected 100 micrograms hCRH intravenously to ten healthy young men. The increase in facial temperature was measured by infrared camera. A significant increase in facial temperature of 1.39 degrees C +/- 0.3 was found within 7 min in all patients, which lasted up to 60 min, although facial flushing was visible in only 50% (5/10) of the probands. In a second experiment 100 micrograms hCRH was then administered to seven other healthy young men. Intra- and extracerebral blood flow velocity changes in the medial cerebral artery (MCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were measured after hCRH administration by use of Doppler sonography. We found a decrease of intracerebral blood flow which was caused by hyperventilation and was reversible following 6% CO2 hyperventilation during a second injection of 100 micrograms hCRH. Blood flow velocity in the ECA increased by 111.5 +/- 32.9% (compared to baseline level), lasted up to 60 min after hCRH injection, and was not reversible by 6% end-tidal CO2 ventilation. We thus demonstrated that the direct vasodilatory effect of hCRH involves the ECA-supplied vascular territory only. The intracerebral vasoconstrictory effect represents the result of hyperventilation following hCRH injection. The data thus clearly suggest an interaction of hCRH and the vascular endothelium of the ECA, causing a marked blood flow velocity increase and facial flushing.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of nitroglycerin ointment placement on headache and flushing in healthy subjects.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of site of nitroglycerin ointment placement on headache and flushing in healthy subjects. Twenty-six subjects were given two doses of nitroglycerin ointment 3 hr apart in a randomly assigned arm-chest sequence or chest-arm sequence. Subject reports of headache and flushing using the visual analogue scale were recorded. There were no significant differences in headache or flushing based on the site or sequence of placement. Thus, the practice by nurses of routinely teaching patients to vary the site of nitroglycerin ointment placement to minimize side-effects must be questioned.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1994

Investigations on the ethanol-induced flushing reaction: effects of propranolol and dipyridamole on acetaldehyde and prostacyclin metabolism.

Disulfiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor, induces a flushing reaction upon the ingestion of ethanol, exerting aversion against alcohol that has been used in the treatment of alcoholism. This unpleasant response has been associated with an accumulation of acetaldehyde, and more recently, with an increase in vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) production. To evaluate the possibility of evoking the flushing reaction with drugs less toxic than disulfiram, we studied the effects of propranolol and dipyridamole on ALDH and PGI2. Acetaldehyde oxidation rate was assessed by gas chromatography in mitochondria from rats treated with these drugs for seven days. Prostacyclin generation was determined in rat aortic rings incubated in Krebs-Ringer with these drugs separately and associated to acetaldehyde, and measured by radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Propranolol inhibited acetaldehyde oxidation rate whereas dipyridamole did not. Furthermore, propranolol increased blood acetaldehyde levels without affecting ethanol elimination rate. Both drugs stimulated prostacyclin synthesis but only dipyridamole enhanced the stimulatory effect of acetaldehyde on vascular prostacyclin production. These results strongly suggest the possibility of producing a deterrent effect on the consumption of alcohol by using propranolol or dipyridamole. In contrast to disulfiram, these drugs could potentially induce the flushing reaction in humans in the presence of low acetaldehyde concentrations; this new therapeutic approach might have an important clinical and toxicological relevance.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1985

Effect of an intranasal LHRH agonist on gonadotrophins and hot flushes in post-menopausal women.

Alterations in circulating gonadotrophins have been reported at the time of onset of menopausal flushes. In order to study this association D-SER(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH, a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist was given intranasally at a dose of 200 micrograms twice daily to 12 post-menopausal women to study its effect on gonadotrophin secretion and hot flushes. Following an initial period of 3-5 days of increased gonadotrophin secretion, pituitary desensitization occurred, with a significant suppression of circulating LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (P less than 0.001) and a reduction in gonadotrophin pulse amplitude (P less than 0.05). This was accompanied by a significant diminution of the pituitary's response to exogenous LHRH (P less than 0.05). However, no significant alteration in the incidence of hot flushes was observed on such therapy.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat.

Plants contain compounds with oestrogen-like action called phytoestrogens. Soy contains daidzin, a potent phytoestrogen, and wheat flour contains less potent enterolactones. We aimed to show in 58 postmenopausal women (age 54, range 30-70 years) with at least 14 hot flushes per week, that their daily diet supplemented with soy flour (n = 28) could reduce flushes compared with wheat flour (n = 30) over 12 weeks when randomised and double blind. Hot flushes significantly decreased in the soy and wheat flour groups (40% and 25% reduction, respectively < 0.001 for both) with a significant rapid response in the soy flour group in 6 weeks (P < 0.001) that continued. Menopausal symptom score decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). Urinary daidzein excretion confirmed compliance. Vaginal cell maturation, plasma lipids and urinary calcium remained unchanged. Serum FSH decreased and urinary hydroxyproline increased in the wheat flour group.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The flushing patient: differential diagnosis, workup, and treatment.

UNLABELLED: Cutaneous flushing-a common presenting complaint to dermatologists, allergists, internists, and family practitioners-results from changes in cutaneous blood flow triggered by multiple conditions. Most cases are caused by very common, benign diseases, such as rosacea or climacterum, that are readily apparent after a thorough taking of history and physical examination. However, in some cases, accurate diagnosis requires further laboratory, radiologic, or histopathologic studies to differentiate several important clinicopathologic entities. In particular, the serious diagnoses of carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, mastocytosis, and anaphylaxis need to be excluded by laboratory studies. If this work-up is unrevealing, rare causes, such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pancreatic cell tumor, renal carcinoma, and others, should be considered. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the mechanisms of flushing, its clinical differential diagnosis, the approach to establish a definitive diagnosis, and management of various conditions that produce flushing.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2003

The niacin skin flush abnormality in schizophrenia: a quantitative dose-response study.

Niacin dilates cutaneous blood vessels, resulting in a pronounced skin flush in most people. The flush response to niacin is attenuated in schizophrenia, but the quantification and physiological mechanism of this abnormality have not been described in detail. It is not clear whether the mechanism involves changes in the pharmacological sensitivity to niacin, or whether there is a reduced ability of the vasculature to dilate adequately in subjects with schizophrenia. We address this question in the present study by characterizing the dose-response relationship between topically applied alpha-methylnicotinate (AMN) and cutaneous blood flow changes, which were quantified by laser Doppler flowmetry. The dose-response curve was shifted to the right in subjects with schizophrenia. The EC(50) value of AMN was significantly increased in the schizophrenia group (mean: 1.66 mM; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.65 mM) as compared to the control group (mean: 0.38 mM; 95% confidence interval: 0.263-0.547 mM). The blood flow responses to higher AMN doses were lower in the schizophrenics; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the extrapolated maximal blood flow response value (F(max)) between the two groups. The results suggest that the skin flush abnormality in schizophrenia primarily reflects reduced pharmacological sensitivity to niacin rather than an inadequate cutaneous vasodilatory response to the stimulus. Since vasodilatation in response to niacin requires the release of prostaglandins, the data from this study suggest that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in enzymes, receptors, or signal transduction mechanisms that affect the synthesis, release, or response to vasodilatory prostaglandins.

Adult↗