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PubMedDate not supplied

[Fleas of the eastern Kyzyl Kum and their epizootic significance].

The fauna of fleas in the East Kisil-Kum includes 24 species. Different physicogeographic regions of sands are characterized by different spectra and number of species of fleas. The greatest share in collections is composed by Xenopsylla gerbilli caspica--the parasite of Rhombomys opimus. In autumn the other parasite of this rodent, Coptopsylla lamellifer, is a mass species. All the most significant and long changes in the number of these species are associated with changes in the density of their hosts' population. The most significant in epizootic respect is the flea X. gerbilli caspica from which about 50% of plague agent cultures were isolated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The efficiency of Rhadinopsylla rothschildi and R. dahurica fleas as vectors of the causative agent of plague in a Transbaikal natural focus].

Experiments have shown that a block of proventriculus arises in 2.1 to 12.5% of infected fleas of R. rothschildi and in 7.2 to 10.5% of R. dahurica. These fleas transmit the plague agent to different animals (Brandt's vole, narrow-skulled vole, Dahurian suslik). The plague microbe is preserved in the organism of infected insects till the end of the experiment, 74 and 24 days respectively. Therefore, the fleas can play a part in the maintenance of plague epizootics in the Transbaikal natural nidus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The size of small mammals and the number of fleas parasitizing them].

Correlation analysis of many-year's data on the distribution and number of fleas parasitizing on 281,627 mammals of 21 species in the pest natural foci of the Aral Sea coastal area has demonstrated that the number of mammalian ectoparasites was determined by ecological features as well as by the size of animals: higher numbers of bloodsucking insects could parasitize on animals of a larger size. Values of correlation coefficients of Spearman ranks between body size and number of fleas are high and significant. This fact has remained unnoticed, probably, due to extreme variability in the fleas number indicators obtained in epizootiological studies. This makes their suitability to important studies requiring high precision of the initial data rather doubtful.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of a synthetic juvenile hormone analog on the flea Xenopsylla skrjabini].

In search of effective means of harmful fauna control, which could be practically safe for man and domestic animals, the authors tested efoxen-II, a juvenile insect hormone analogue (JHA) synthesized at the Institute of Chemistry, the Estonian Acad. of Sci. (Tallinn). Experiments were performed with Xenopsylla skrjabini Ioff., 1903 fleas under laboratory conditions. The doses of the drug tested were the following: 0.25.10(-2); 0.25 X 10(-3); 0.25.10(-4); 0.25.10(-5) ml/g per 1 g the substrate consisting of sand and dry bovine blood (for larvae feeding). Juvenile fleas' contact with the drug altered the normal metamorphosis process, thus killing the majority of fleas. The drug given in a dose of 0.25.10(-2) ml/g killed 100% of larvae by the 8th day of the experiment. The drug added to the substrate at 0.25.10(-3) ml/g prolonged metamorphosis stages, some larvae were killed during the moult, others (0.3%) formed pupae and died inside them. Larvae contact with the drug at 0.25.10(-4) and 0.25.10(-5) ml/g resulted in partial death. The insects survived (36.6 and 46.6%, respectively) completed metamorphosis by imago hatching. Thus, the drug tested by the authors proved to be considerably effective and may be recommended for in situ testing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ability of fleas of synanthropic rodents and small gerbils to feed on human blood].

Experimental study of the ability of Ceratophyllus (Nosopsyllis) mokrzeckyi, C. (G.) laeviceps, X. conformis fleas, Norway rats' parasites from the northern and northwestern Caspian Sea coasts, and the specific Norway rats' flea C. (N.) fasciatus, to feed on human blood, demonstrated that all these species may be of epidemiological significance due to their active attacks on man and human blood sucking. The murine rodent fleas C. (N.) mokrzeckyi are, though, less active human blood suckers (29.9%) than the other species under study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of flannel flags for collecting fleas at the entrances of rodent holes in the steppes].

Flannel flags (100 X 200 mm) were tested for fleas collection directly at the entrances of rodents' holes in the steppe region. The method proved to be most effective compared to some other wide-spread techniques. Flannel flags assured the highest number of insects collected during quantitative assessment of fleas' populations. Some insects belonging to other systematic groups can be also collected using the flags. Various number of fleas at the holes' entrances was revealed by this method of collection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ctenophthalmus rettigi Rothschild, 1908 (Hystrichopsyllidae) fleas of Mesocricetus].

Fleas of Ctenophthalmus rettigi Rothschild, 1908 (12 females, 12 males) collected in 1980 and 1982 in the northern Caucasus in the Levashi District of Dagestan not far from the village of Urma were referred by the authors to the nominative subspecies described from Romania. According to their taxonomic characters fleas of this species, collected in different places of Transcaucasia, are also referred to the nominative subspecies and not to C. rettigi smiti Klein, 1962, as before (Rostigaev, 1967; Tiflov, Skalon, Rostigaev, 1977 and others). The ways of distribution of hosts of C. rettigi fleas are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fleas of small mammals and birds in the forest-park area of the city of Novosibirsk].

The distribution of fleas of small mammals and birds in the nidi of tick-borne encephalitis was analysed. 23 species were recorded from the forest-park zone. Palaeopsylla soricis starki, Amalaraeus penicilliger penicilliger, Megabothris rectangulatus, Ctenophthalmus assimilis, Hystrichopsylla talpae were dominant. They amounted to 90% of the total number of fleas. The greatest species variety of fleas was noted in afforested low-lying parts with rich species composition of hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Pasteurella pestis detection in Fleas by fluorescent antibody staining.

In an effort to develop a method for the rapid field identification of plague-infected fleas, the authors have studied the feasibility of direct fluorescent antibody staining of the midgut contents of fleas fed on mice infected with Pasteurella pestis. Fluorescent antibodies prepared from antisera derived from rabbits inoculated with the water-soluble P. pestis fraction 1b antigen, the somatic antigen of heat-killed P. pestis (Bryans strain), and live avirulent (strain A1122) or virulent (Yreka strain) plague vaccines were used used in this study.This direct staining method proved to be impracticable, but encouraging results were obtained by fluorescent antibody staining of broth cultures of macerates of infected fleas after 24-48 hours' incubation.The broth enrichment technique has not yet been evaluated in the field, but it is expected to be of value since it is relatively simple to perform and requires only material that can easily be transported to remote areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epizootiological importance of Frontopsylla hetera (Siphonaptera) fleas in the Gorno-Altai natural plague focus].

Experiments conducted during all seasons have established that F. hetera, one of the mass species of fleas in Mountain Altai, can be infected both by the strain of selective virulence typical to this nidus and by the non-typical non-virulent mountain-altai strain of plague agent. The non-virulent strain does not form in fleas the block of proventriculus and within 1.5-2 months they become free from the microbe. At the infection with the typical strain of the altai subspecies rare transmissions of the agent to Pallas' pika can take place as well as its long preservation in fleas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fleas from bird nests in southwestern Tuva].

14 species of fleas were recorded from 173 nests of 47 species of birds. Most abundant of them are Ceratophyllus vagabundus, C. gallinae, C. borealis. The abundance of fleas was found to depend on season and hosts' habitat. The above species were most frequently encountered in nests in May. The high abundance index of fleas was registered in birds nesting in hollows, burrows of small mammals and in clefts of rocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Fleas.

While more than 2,000 species and subspecies of fleas are known, only nine have significant medical and veterinary importance, and only six involve man. Eggs drop easily from pet hosts to be widely distributed throughout the home. Human flea bites range from small red welts to severe rash and itching; they are usually found only on wrists, ankles and legs. Treatment is symptomatic. Control of flea infestation is based on knowledge of the life cycle of the insect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of a trial of the insecticidal activity of Oradelt and Omait against rodent fleas].

The paper provides the results of examining the insecticidal activity of the commercial agents oradelt and omait against rodent fleas. The two agents have been ascertained to have a high toxicity for fleas of various species and genera. The field trials have shown that oradelt has a dusticidal effect in the habitats of mountain suslik. The oradelt dust containing 0.05% of the active ingredient should be recommended for controlling fleas in the foci of the suslik-type plague.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy dosage titration of lufenuron against developmental stages of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) in cats.

Thirty-two mixed-breed male and female cats were blocked by sex, arranged by body weight from greatest to least, and allocated to 4 groups of 8 (4 male, 4 female) cats, using random numbers. Cats in each of 3 groups were treated orally with a 7% suspension formulation of lufenuron at dosage of 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg of body weight. Cats in the fourth group were treated orally with an excipient suspension without lufenuron. Cats were infested with newly emerged, unfed cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) on days -7 and -3 before treatment and at approximately weekly intervals after treatment. Flea eggs were collected from beneath each cat on selected days before and after treatment and placed in an artificial rearing medium. Flea eggs and medium were kept for 35 days in an insectary to determine effects of lufenuron or excipient suspension on emergence of adults of the F1 generation. Lufenuron was 100% effective in inhibiting development of C felis at all dosages for 11 days after treatment. Thereafter, efficacy exceeded 92% in all dosages groups. On day 32, when the study was terminated, efficacy for each of the dosage groups was: 15 mg/kg, 95.2%; 30 mg/kg, 98.2%; and 45 mg/kg, 99.6%. Adverse reactions or side effects were not observed in cats, regardless of treatment dosage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Fleas and lice on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in South Africa.

A total of 380 scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) from 5 localities, ranging from the north-eastern Transvaal to the eastern and the south-western Cape Province of South Africa, were examined for fleas and lice. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis was almost exclusively responsible for the flea infestations on hares at 4 of the 5 sites. At 4 localities the prevalence and abundance of this flea reached peaks between August and October and declined thereafter to their lowest levels between February and April. Its prevalence and abundance in the north-eastern Transvaal were not correlated with the breeding cycle of the hares in this region. The 2 louse species recovered, sometimes sympatrically, were Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni. Listrophorus leporicolus was the only mite species recovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fleas, lice and mites on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in northern and eastern Transvaal and in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Fleas, lice and mites were collected from 24 and 120 scrub hares at Pafuri and Skukuza, Northern and Eastern Transvaal, respectively, in the Kruger National Park, and from 34 scrub hares in the Hluhluwe region, north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis, the only flea recovered, reached peak burdens on the hares at each locality during late winter or spring. Juvenile hares harboured significantly fewer fleas than did adult animals. The lice Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni were collected from hares at each locality, with H. setoni generally being the most abundant. Listrophorus leporicolus was found on hares at Skukuza and Hluhluwe, and mites of the genus Cheyletiella were collected from hares at Skukuza.

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