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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Iron deficiency. Current trends and fads.

Anaemia due to iron deficiency remains the commonest form of anaemia world-wide, predominantly due to blood loss, either associated with infestations such as hook worm or menstrual blood loss, or malnutrition. In Australia, iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest form of anaemia and is seen in pregnant and breastfeeding females where the iron balance is often in a negative state. Fads and fallacies abound, particularly in this group. Despite extensive knowledge of iron metabolism, diagnosis of iron deficiency often remains a difficult problem. The use of diagnostic tests available is discussed in this article.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1994

Electron-transferring flavoprotein from pig and the methylotrophic bacterium W3A1 contains AMP as well as FAD.

Electron-transferring flavoproteins from pig kidney and from the methylotrophic bacterium W3A1 have been found to contain one molecule of AMP in addition to the single FAD molecule bound to these heterodimers. The nucleotide was identified by spectral and chromatographic methods and via its behavior toward adenylate kinase and alkaline phosphatase. The role of this additional non-redox active prosthetic group in electron transferring-flavoprotein is at present unclear.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1993

Functional characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenase 1B1 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli and analysis of proposed FAD- and membrane-binding domains.

A cDNA encoding the flavin-containing monooxygenase of rabbit lung (FMO 1B1) was expressed in yeast and Escherichia coli and the recombinant enzymes characterized. A high copy, isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible E. coli expression vector, pKKHC, was used for expression in E. coli strain JM109, and a galactose-inducible vector, YEp53, was used for expression in yeast strain 334. Following transcriptional induction with IPTG or galactose, subcellular fractions were prepared and analyzed immunochemically and catalytically. Antibodies to rabbit FMO 1B1 were used to detect the recombinant proteins in the 100,000 x g pellet prepared from the 10,000 x g supernatant fraction of yeast homogenates and the 2,000 x g supernatant fraction of E. coli homogenates. No FMO 1B1 was detected in cytosol. Mobilities of the recombinant proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis appeared identical to that of the native microsomal enzyme. Catalytic similarity to the native FMO 1B1 was demonstrated by the ability of the expressed enzymes to metabolize methimazole, thiourea, dimethylaniline, and cysteamine, but not chlorpromazine or imipramine. In addition, the recombinant enzymes exhibited a number of the unique physical properties associated with FMO 1B1, including stability to elevated temperature and activation by sodium cholate and magnesium chloride. Based on the specific content of FAD, the level of expression was estimated to be approximately 2% of the total protein in the E. coli 100,000 x g particulate fraction and 1% in the fraction from yeast. To demonstrate the utility of the E. coli expression system for studying structure/function relationships of the flavin-containing monooxygenase, two mutant FMOs were expressed and characterized. One mutant, formed by deletion of a putative membrane-anchoring peptide (the 26 carboxyl-terminal amino acids) was tested for membrane association. No difference in the subcellular distribution was found between the truncated and unmodified proteins, suggesting that the 26-residue COOH-terminal peptide is not important in membrane association. Catalytic analysis of the truncated FMO 1B1 established its functional similarity to the full-length protein, indicating that the COOH terminus does not contribute to any of the unique properties of the lung enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Increased activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in pancreatic islets of BB rats.

In several animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, a decreased activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was recently documented in pancreatic islet, but not liver, homogenates. The present study reveals that, on the contrary, the activity of the same mitochondrial enzyme is increased in islet, but not liver or spleen, homogenates of BB, as compared to BW, rats examined before the onset of severe hyperglycemia in this animal model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Active living: just a passing fad?

The shift from a prescriptive exercise model to Canada's Active Living has created considerable tension in the public health and fitness fields. This study examined areas of consensus and debate about Active Living. Semistructured interviews of 42 stakeholders were conducted to capture competing perspectives. Several assumptions concerning the meaning of Active Living were challenged, such as Active Living being an inclusive and holistic concept. Limitations associated with the breadth of Active Living were noted (e.g., operationalization and measurement). Finally, areas of tension were identified: government turf battles,-top-down pressure, fear of replacement/role-loss, perceived lack of expertise, and discomfort associated with the perception of Active Living as a political construct. If Active Living is to be more than just a passing fad, then several challenges must be addressed: 1) clarification and communication of Active Living, 2) establishment of a research base, and 3) enhanced government and organizational support.

Exercise↗
PubMed1998

Formation and distribution of modified FAD between isozymes of alcohol oxidase in the methylotrophic yeast pichia methanolica.

The content of modified FAD (mFAD) in isoforms of alcohol oxidase (AO) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica MH4 is increased in the stationary growth phase of the culture or under lower dilution rates. The isoform with slower electrophoretic mobility has the higher mFAD content. The results of in vitro experiments and the occurrence of mFAD in AO-lacking mutants of Hansenula polymorpha DL-1 imply a biosynthetic origin of this cofactor. HPLC analysis of tryptic hydrolysates of the first and the ninth isoforms of AO from P. methanolica MH4 revealed two different types of subunits. Possible mechanism of mFAD formation and distribution between the AO isozymes is discussed.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2004

Food fads.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diet↗
PubMed1997

Search for the competitive edge: a history of dietary fads and supplements.

The premise and promise of ergogenic aid use is rooted in antiquity and is based upon superstition and ritualistic behavior of athletes who perceive that past performances were predicated upon unique dietary constituents or dietary manipulation. Accounts from ancient times recommended that athletes and soldiers preparing for battle consume specific animal parts to confer agility, speed or strength associated with that animal. Scientific understanding of the chemical and physiological nature of muscular work in the early 20th century was followed by ergogenic aid use by athletes and rationalized as "scientific" justification. Ergogenic aids such as alkaline salts, caffeine, carbohydrate and protein have been used by athletes with variable success. As nutritionists and exercise physiologists discovered and perfected the scientific understanding of metabolic reactions, athletes in turn experimented with the amount, form and timing of administration in the search for optimal performance. Anabolic steroids and blood doping enhance athletic performance, but health risks, ethics and sportsmanship contravene their use. Popularity and use of ergogenic aids often have preceded scientific substantiation of claims. Current products such as protein isolates and antioxidant nutrients commonly are used by athletes, and many ergogenic aids available today differ little from those used long ago.

Diet Fads↗
PubMed2002

Breastfeeding, food choices, restrictive diets, and nutritional fads.

In the past year, a number of studies were published that illustrated the importance of dietary choices at all ages and singled out pediatricians as useful and vociferous advocates for healthy nutrition in children. Obesity continues to top the list as a major threat to the health of children and adults worldwide and is increasingly being recognized as a direct result of inappropriate nutritional intake. Parental misperceptions and misinformation about their children's diets beginning in infancy and stretching into the college-age years may represent prime targets for pediatricians ready and able to provide guidance. There are more reasons than ever to encourage breastfeeding and more formal studies to help direct the various stages of transition to adult eating habits after infancy. On the other hand, parents must be encouraged to take a well-balanced and reasonable approach to their children's food choices, lest we see increasing evidence of unnecessary nutritional deficiencies.

Adolescent↗