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Results for “Estimation Technics”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Predicted changes, in the years 1990-2010, in the state and structure of productive age population in Poland and in selected European countries and their consequences for external migrations.

Trends in the number and structure of working-age populations in Europe and Poland are projected for the period 1990-2010. Among their predictions, the authors anticipate that "in Western Europe...the working age population will be reduced by...2%. In both Southern and Northern Europe the working age population will grow...by 1.3% and 3.6% [respectively]. On the other hand, in Eastern Europe the population concerned will grow substantially in those years: this growth is estimated [at]...9.1%." A 14.7 percent increase is predicted for Poland.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Estimating and projecting the populations of urban communities.

"The author describes a model for estimating and projecting the populations of communities living in small areas within cities. The model provides a means of updating the demographic inputs needed for projection between censuses and means of developing scenarios of demographic change and housing development. The method for estimating small-area populations between censuses is evaluated with recently published 1991 [U.K.] Census data. Single-year age-group detail is provided and the associated databases are embedded in a flexible user interface. Illustrative projections are discussed and interpreted for the northern English city of Bradford.... The model, although particular to districts of West Yorkshire, has been specified in a general way and could be adapted for use with any British district."

Demography↗
PubMed1987

Population registers and population statistics.

The authors examine the use of population registers in the production of demographic statistics. "To do this, we first describe these registers; we then examine their further development as an independent source of population statistics--including current population estimates, vital and migration statistics--and as an alternative to population censuses. In conclusion, we consider a number of essential features of registers, including the original collection of data, the system's lifetime, privacy protection, and the government's ability to bring about a balance among conflicting interests regarding the collection and use of the data." The discussion is illustrated using examples from the Netherlands and Denmark.

Censuses↗
PubMed1991

[The role of migration in population growth in Catalonia, 1880-1980].

"This article is based on the author's recent study: 'The reproduction of Catalan cohorts, 1856-1960', conceived in answer to the book by J. A. Vandellos, [titled] Catalunya, poble decadent. The main conclusions are that, in contradiction to Vandellos' assertions, the Catalan population would not have decreased in the absence of immigration and, on the contrary, the present population would be considerably higher than in 1900. Nevertheless, 60% of the demographic growth during the last hundred years can be counted...[by] immigration which, alone, has sufficed to maintain population even if no births had occurred." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE AND SPA)

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Historical population estimates for Egypt: a critical review.

"This article attempts to piece together historical population estimates for Egypt and to assess their credibility, starting from Pharaonic times and continuing through the Greek and Roman eras and the Middle Ages.... While many doubts are raised concerning several of the estimates, the article suggests that population size in Egypt responded to societal conditions and that the demographic situation was at its worst during the Middle Ages. It improved only after the role of the Mamluks and the Ottomans had been terminated, early in the nineteenth century."

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Recent trends and prospects in world population growth.

"This article assesses the causes of the stagnation in the declining trend in world population growth rates over the past decade. Three major factors have been identified as contributing to the stagnation: age structure, fertility trends in India and China, and the fact that although the number of developing countries with sustained declines in fertility levels rose sharply in the late 1960s and 1970s, it dropped off dramatically in the 1980s. Prospects for the growth rate in the 1990s favour a decline, owing to changes in the age structure and indications that China and India have resumed their fertility declines. However, there remain some populous developing countries that continue to have high levels of fertility. Fertility trends in those countries will have a certain influence on the world's growth rate."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Internal markets and health care efficiency: a multiple-output stochastic frontier analysis.

This paper has two purposes. The first purpose is methodological and aims to extend previous work on efficiency analysis by implementing a multiple-output stochastic ray frontier production function model. This model generalizes the single-output stochastic frontier model to multiple-input, multiple-output technologies and allows simultaneous estimation of technical efficiency and analysis of influential variables on efficiency. The second, empirical, purpose is to test for existence and magnitude of the effect of purchaser/provider split combined with new reimbursement schemes on technical efficiency in the Swedish public hospital system. The analysis is carried out with a panel data set covering the total population of 26 Swedish County Councils from 1989 to 1995. Our empirical results support the frontier model specification and indicate that output-based reimbursement improves technical efficiency. The potential saving in costs due to a switch from budget-based allocation to output-based allocation is estimated to be almost 10%.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Measuring the productive efficiency and clinical quality of institutional long-term care for the elderly.

The authors consider the association between productive efficiency and clinical quality in institutional long-term care for the elderly. Cross-sectional data were collected from 122 wards in health-centre hospitals and residential homes in Finland in 2001. Productive efficiency was measured in terms of technical efficiency, which was defined as the unit's distance from the (best practice) production frontier. The analysis employed stochastic production frontier estimation, where technical inefficiency in the production function was specified to be a function of ward characteristics and clinical quality of care. Several quality indicators based on the Resident Assessment Instrument, such as prevalence of pressure ulcers and depression with no treatment, were used in the analysis. The results did not reveal systematic association between technical efficiency and clinical quality of care. However, the prevalence of pressure ulcers, indicating poor quality of care was associated with technical efficiency, a fact which highlights the importance of including quality measures in the assessment of efficiency in long-term care.

Aged↗