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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Slipped capital femoral epiphyses in ten members of one family: probably autosomal dominant transmission with variable penetrance (author's transl)].

Ten members of a family suffered from slipped capital femoral epiphyses (ECF), and two further descendants had coxarthrosis possibly following subclinical course of an ECF. This pedigree is suggestive for a dominant inheritance with variable penetrance. Besides a few families with more than two affected members, almost 95% of the cases in the literature occur sporadically, many of these probably representing phenocopies. In view of the recurrence risk (at least 5% in sporadic cases), genetic counseling of the parents of any patient is recommended. Since early onset of treatment improves the prognosis considerably, parents of an affected child should be informed to pay special attention to early symptoms in their younger children. Moreover, preventive radiological examinations may be indicated in families at a higher risk. For imminent ECF, bilateral epiphyseal spiking is the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Value of scintigraphic examination methods with 99mTechnetium in injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage (author's transl)].

The value of scintigraphic examinations of injuries involving the epiphyseal plate is to be seen to ensure the correct diagnosis of the lesions type I and type V according to Salter and Harris. Further on the results of these scintigraphic examinations allow a better planning of the therapeutic procedure. Experimental findings in rabbits succeeded to predict the seriousness and an early prognosis. The disturbances of the epiphyseal blood flow can be diagnosed by 99m Tc-O4 labeled erythrocytes and 99m Tc-O4 labeled albumin microspheres. 99m Tc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy gives the information at which time the repair is done and full weight bearing is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Epiphyseal vascularization during growth. Study preliminary to transplantation].

A study was conducted of 50 cadavers in children and 25 immature dogs to discover more precisely the vascularization of the lower end of the femur and the iliac crest. It was concluded that it is possible to transplant these epiphyses with anastomosis of three pedicles in the same line. It was also concluded that the vascularisation differs before and after the formation of the bony epiphyseal nucleus. The cartilaginous canals which preclude the vascularisation of hyaline cartilage, the formation of the bony nucleus and the nutrition of the germinal layers of the growth plate are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification and partial characterization of ATP pyrophosphohydrolase from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage.

ATP pyrophosphohydrolase was partially purified from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage. The purification was about 10- and 100-fold over the enzyme activities of matrix vesicle fraction and cell homogenate, respectively. The pyrophosphohydrolase and alkaline phosphatase were separated by a sequential application of Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band corresponding to the molecular weight of 230,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel by electrophoresis. The enzyme absolutely required Zn2+ for its activity and appeared to bind Zn2+ strongly with an apparent affinity of p[Zn2+]0.5 = 13.4. The apparent Km for ATP was 0.18 mM. The enzyme was also reactive toward various nucleoside triphosphates including GTP, CTP, and UTP. In contrast, various phosphodiesters including RNA, UDP-glucose, NAD, and bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate were 5% or less as reactive as the nucleoside triphosphates. The pyrophosphohydrolase was inactive toward adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or various phosphonates. UDP-glucose (1 mM), NAD (1 mM), or RNA (1 mg/ml) failed to inhibit the ATP pyrophosphohydrolase activity. These observations suggest that the ATP pyrophosphohydrolase of the cartilage is probably not a phosphodiesterase I. The matrix vesicle fraction, which probably also included some plasma membrane vesiculated during collagenase digestion, contained the highest specific activity of the enzyme as compared to other subcellular fractions of either epiphyseal or articular cartilage.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

[Radiological study of epiphyseal abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta. Apropos of 61 cases].

Sixty-one cases of osteogenesis imperfecta were studied to try to discover the cause of metaphyseal and epiphyseal deformities. These deformities were noticeable in 8 cases out of 61 at the level of the upper and lower end of the femur in all cases and sometimes at the level of the lower end of the tibia and the upper end of the humerus. Several grades are described: First grade - protrusion of the growth plate into the epiphysis. Second grade - disorganization of the architecture of the epiphysis. Third grade - major deformity. It seems that the deformities are secondary to lesions of the growth plates. Several hypotheses are suggested. The authors consider that the main role is played by segmental fractures creating areas of ischemia in the epiphyses.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1978

Influence of supplemental dietary fat on the relative proportions of three classes of lipid in the epiphyseal cartilage of dwarf and non-dwarf chicks.

One hundred and forty-four day-old chicks were allotted to six groups in a 2 x 3 factorial design involving two strains (dwarf, dw and non-dwarf, Dw+) and three levels of supplemental dietary fat (none, moderate and high). The birds were killed at four weeks of age. The overall weight gain and the total lipid content, amount of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in the epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia were examined. Supplemental dietary fat resulted in improved weight gain, with the non-dwarfs showing a greater increase. There was no change in total lipid in epiphyseal cartilage with different levels of dietary fat. Increase in dietary fat elicited, in both strains of birds, an increase in the proportion of glycolipids and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of neutral lipids and no change in that of phospholipids. That the stimulatory effect of dietary fat on growth was exerted through an increase in glycolipids at the site of calcification is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Purification of matrix-vesicle alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal cartilage and experiments on its ATP-hydrolyzing properties.

Matrix vesicles of epiphyseal growth cartilage are presumed to be the initial sites of mineralization. In order to discover whether matrix vesicle phosphatase could function as Ca2+-ATPase, we purified it from isolated matrix vesicles of chicken epiphyseal growth cartilage by n-butanol extraction, Sepharose 6B gel filtration, and DEAE-ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme protein hydrolyzes a number of phosphatase substrates, but showed one protein band when tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an antibody raised in a rabbit caused only one precipitation line in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The properties of the enzyme regarding the hydrolysis of ATP were studied at pH 7.6, which is close to the pH of the extracellular fluid of the cartilage. ATPase activity was stimulated by Mg2+ and Ca2+, but Ca2+ was a weaker activator and failed to stimulate the hydrolysis of ATP any further at the optimal Mg2+ concentration, indicating that the enzyme is not a "true" Ca2+-ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

[Superior tibial epiphyseal osteochondroma with intra-articular development. Apropos of 2 cases in children].

Two cases of intra-articular development of an osteochondroma in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia are reported. The first case, a 3 year old boy, resulted in blocking of the knee. After resection of the mass the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. The second patient, an 8 year old boy, had no symptoms and surgery was not performed, although ablation was required of an associated astragalian osteochondroma of tibiotarsal intra-articular development. Relations between these epiphyseal osteochondromata and hemimelic epiphyseal dysplasia and metachondromatosis are discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

A new anatomic classification of capital fragments in femoral neck fractures with the epiphyseal scar as a guide.

Seventy femoral neck fractures were examined clinically, radiologically, and histologically to ascertain whether the shape of the capital fragment, irrespective of the nature or age of the fracture, could be a determinant of the biologic condition within the head. Three types of excised capital fragments were defined according to the anatomic location of the fracture surface, with particular reference to the epiphyseal scar. Type I fragments, in which the fracture surface lies along the epiphyseal scar, showed complete capital necrosis, whereas Types II and III fragments, with the fracture surface in the subepiphyseal and subcapital zones, respectively, were found to be histologically viable. Moreover, Type III specimens tended to be more abundant in biologic response than Type II specimens. Thus, the biologic condition of the capital fragment is closely related to its shape. Since the type of capital fragment is, in most cases, judged correctly on the preoperative roentgenogram, this classification can be a helpful clue to the choice of treatment. From the biologic point of view, osteosynthesis should be limited to fractures with Type III capital fragments. The authors also hypothesize that the fractured femoral head, if untreated, may decrease in size and, therefore, in vascularity during the postfracture course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Features of the reproduction of epiphyseal cartilage perivascular cells according to the results of an autoradiographic study.

In the system of a vascular-cellular complex of cartilage epiphyses the perivascular cells exhibited the highest proliferative activity, as revealed by autoradiography with labelled DNA precursor (3H-thymidine). The constant loss of cells after division in this population is probably associated with their differentiation and transition into another state. This phenomenon is strongly pronounced at the centre of enhondral ossification, and perivascular cells could be considered as one of possible sources of histogenesis developed in cartilage epiphyses.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Experiences with temporary epiphyseal stapling by Blount (author's transl)].

After an epiphyseal stapling (Blount 1949) on 93 patients a control was carried out in 87 cases. In this control age, growth prognosis and the growth after removing the staples were taken into consideration. The result shows various complications so that the patient will have to undergo a second anf finally a third operation. Through these repeated operations the difference of the leg length could be shortened, but the results were not up to expectations. On the whole, a clear prognosis was difficult to determine and on nearly a third of the patients the difference of the length could not be corrected under 2.0 centimeters. The epiphyseal stapling is connected with too many risks and complications. It may be carried out in seldom special cases. For the treatment of the difference of the leg length there are today safer and less complicated operating-methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Activity of epiphyseal cartilage membrane alkaline phosphatase and the effects of its inhibitors at physiological pH.

The kinetics of epiphyseal cartilage membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase activity was studied at physiological pH using p-nitrophenylphosphate and pyrophosphate (PPi) as substrates. The effect of three general types of alkaline phosphatase inhibitors was studied on both purified and membrane-bound forms of the enzyme: 1) uncompetitive inhibitors (L-tetramisole and theophylline), 2) competitive inhibitors (phosphate, arsenate, and vanadate), and 3) metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+). These studies were aimed at elucidating the physiological role of epiphyseal cartilage membrane alkaline phosphatase. Hydrolytic activity of enzyme at pH 7.5 toward both PPi and p-nitrophenylphosphate was only one-tenth and one-hundredth, respectively, of that observed at optimal pH. Arsenate (Ki - 1.0-2.7 microM) and vanadate (Ki = 0.7-1.3 microM) were powerful inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase; phosphate (Ki = 20-50 microM) was inhibitory at levels two orders of magnitude below the concentration in cartilage extracellular fluid. Neither Zn2+, Ca2+, or Mg2+ was inhibitory toward p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis, whereas all three competitively inhibited PPi hydrolysis. The data suggest that formation of poorly hydrolyzable Ca.PPi, Mg2.PPi, and Zn2.PPi complexes was responsible. Inhibition of PPi hydrolysis by Ca2+ occurred at levels within the physiological range. The close similarity in inhibition of both the purified and membrane-bound forms of alkaline phosphatase at pH 7.5 indicates that interaction with the membrane does not significantly alter conformation at the active site. The data obtained suggest that under physiological conditions, cartilage membrane alkaline phosphatase would be essentially inactive as a phosphohydrolase due to its intrinsically weak activity at pH 7.5 and the strong inhibitory effect of physiological levels of phosphate and Ca2+.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Parameters of longitudinal growth rate in rabbit epiphyseal growth plates.

UNLABELLED: Three parameters have been identified that provide useful indices of longitudinal growth rate in rabbit epiphyseal plates. Specifically, we have examined the relationship between longitudinal growth rate and (1) growth-plate thickness; (2) the rate of cell division by proliferating chondrocytes; and (3) 35SO4 incorporation associated with matrix synthesis. There were statistically significant correlations between growth rate and each of the three experimentally determined parameters. Growth rate increased in direct proportion to growth-plate thickness, rate of chondrocyte proliferation, or 35SO4 incorporation associated with matrix synthesis. Of the three parameters, the rate of cell division of proliferative chondrocytes, as determined by counts of 3H thymidine-labeled cells following autoradiography, appeared to provide the most sensitive index of growth rate. However, used in combination, determination of the three parameters should make it possible to assess the relative contributions of changes in the numbers of cells, in the rate of chondrocyte proliferation, and in extracellular matrix synthesis to over-all growth rate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Methods are described and data are presented that should make it possible to design studies of the factors that regulate and control the longitudinal growth rate of epiphyseal cartilage growth plates. The experimental design of this work is applicable to the study of hormonal regulation of over-all growth rates and to determination of whether the effects of certain hormones are due to their effect on cell proliferation or matrix synthesis. Such studies should contribute to a better understanding of the control of growth in normal individuals and in patients with disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on the epiphyseal plate of young guinea pigs receiving prednisolone.

The effect of excess ascorbic acid on the epiphyseal plate of young guinea pigs receiving prednisolone over a period of 28 days has been investigated. The results show that the structural and morphologic changes caused in the epiphyseal plate of the animals receiving prednisolone are prevented by the simultaneous administration of excess ascorbic acid. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that pharmacological doses of ascorbic acid given concurrently to children receiving prolonged treatment with corticosteroids may prevent suppression of growth in these children.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The epiphyseal involvement of metaphyseal bone sarcomas in patients with fertile growth plates. A magnetic resonance assessment].

The growth plate is thought to be capable of limiting tumor spread. To assess the presence and extent of epiphyseal involvement in bone tumors, the plain radiographs and the MR images of 41 patients with metaphyseal sarcoma and radiographically apparent growth plate were studied. The results were compared with surgical, microscopic and histologic findings. Histology demonstrated that in 3 patients the tumor did not reach the growth plate, in 25 the epiphysis was involved while in 13 cases the tumor reached the physis but did not spread to the epiphysis. In the latter group of patients, histology demonstrated a microinfiltration of the physis in 5 cases. Radiography and MR sensitivities were 77.2% and 100%, respectively, while specificity was 94% for both methods. Histology showed that the epiphysis was involved in 25/41 cases (61%) and the growth plate in 30/41 (73%). Our results show that the growth plate does not usually act as a barrier against tumor spread and that MRI is the diagnostic tool of choice in the assessment of epiphyseal spread in metaphyseal tumors even though it cannot detect growth plate microinfiltrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Estimation of age from epiphyseal union degrees of the sternal end of the clavicle].

The sternal ends of right clavicles of Japanese aged 13-31 years (n = 54) autopsied during 1982-1992 were observed for determining degree of epiphyseal union to establish a criterion for age estimation. As the degree of union 5 stages (McKern and Stewart, 1957) were applied to samples: Stage 0; without any union between the trunk and the epiphyseal cap, stage 1; between stage 0 and stage 2, stage 2; half united, stage 3; between stage 2 and stage 4, and stage 4; completely united. As results, in females union appears to proceed faster than in males. There were cases in which union reached stage 4 in younger ages. As a criterion for age estimation it is proposed at present that in both sex, when union is in stage 0, age is certainly estimated to be less than 22 years old and in stage 4, more than 19 years old. Comparing the present data with the investigation about American males by McKern and Stewart (1957), in Japanese males union proceeds more fast than them. The authors realized that the correct criteria should be used in age estimation on a sample belonging to the same race and to the times. The clavicles in skeletal remains tend to be preserved outdoors and are suitable for estimating age from adolescence to about 30 years old. Therefore the present criterion would be very useful in districts such as Hokkaido where skeletal remains are commonly found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Distal humeral epiphyseal separation in a young athlete: a case report.

Elbow pain in the young throwing athlete can have numerous etiologies. Skeletally immature athletes commonly sustain epiphyseal injuries secondary to trauma and/or repetitive activity. The case of a 7-year-old Little League pitcher with the diagnosis of distal humeral epiphyseal separation is presented along with a review of the current literature.

Baseball↗
PubMed1997

MR imaging of bone infarction and epiphyseal osteonecrosis.

No single musculoskeletal disorder has generated more passionate discussion than bone osteonecrosis. Surprisingly, its physiopathogenesis remains largely unknown despite in-depth studies. Its treatment is still debated, and its wide range of clinical manifestations which vary from totally asymptomatic to the catastrophic event of irreversible epiphyseal collapse remains a fascinating question for the clinicians (1-4). Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging has given a large tribute to the discussion during the last decade by allowing detection of marrow infarcts at a presymptomatic period of the disease, thus providing data on its natural history. Unfortunately, MR imaging has also contributed to increase the confusion among various epiphyseal disorders. The aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of imaging features by stressing accepted data and delineating blind areas.

Adolescent↗