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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Human brain processing and central mechanisms of pain as observed by electro- and magneto-encephalography.

We review the recent progress of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to elucidate pain perception mechanisms in humans, since EEG and MEG have an excellent temporal resolution in order of msec. MEG is more useful to detect activated areas following painful stimulation, because the spatial resolution of EEG is not very high. For recording activities following Adelta fiber stimulation relating to the first pain, painful CO2 laser stimulation is now widely used, but our new method, epidermal stimulation (ES), is also very useful. The primary small activity was recorded from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), probably in area 1, in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulation. Then, secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and insula were activated with the second activity in SI. These 3 regions were activated in parallel with almost the same time period. This is a very characteristic finding in pain perception. Then, the cingulate cortex and medial temporal area (MT) around the amygdala and hippocampus were activated. In the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulation as well, the above regions were activated, except for SI. Therefore, we speculated that SI plays a main role in localization of the stimulus point, the SII and insula are important sites for pain perception, and the cingulate and MT are mainly responsible for cognitive or emotional aspects of pain perception. For recording activities following C fiber stimulation relating to the second pain, we recently developed a new method, that is, applying weaker CO2 laser stimuli to tiny areas of the skin. MEG findings following C fiber stimulation were also similar to those following Adelta fiber stimulation. However, the effects of sleep and attention on MEG following C fiber stimulation was much larger than that following Adelta fiber stimulation. This finding may suggest greater effects of cognitive or emotional functions on second pain than the first pain.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Differentiating Autistic Children With Quantitative Encephalography: A 3-Month Longitudinal Study.

The present study used a single-channel quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) assessment to differentiate autistic children from normal control subjects. One hundred five normal and 17 autistic children participated in the study. In addition to amplitude measures of the frequency bands of delta, theta, alpha, sensorimotor rhythm, and beta and the theta to beta ratio, intra- (6 minutes) and intersessional (3 months) consistencies were also examined. The results indicated that autistic children showed significantly higher quantitative EEG amplitudes in many of the frequency bands than normal children; furthermore, their quantitative EEG activities were found to be relatively unstable within a 6-minute session compared with normal children. Discriminant function analyses revealed that absolute sensorimotor rhythm and beta amplitudes were the best predictors that correctly differentiated autistic children from normal children in the present sample, with a high accuracy rate of 95.2%. In addition, quantitative EEG measurements of normal and autistic children were found to be generally consistent across the 3-month period. (J Child Neurol 2006;21:391-399; DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00094).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

The role of electro-encephalography in Third-World psychiatry.

Patients with organic brain disease often present with psychiatric symptoms that closely mimic functional mental illness. This has major implications in Third-World countries where the psychiatric effects of physical disease are particularly widespread. Developing countries lack the advanced radiological investigations and other diagnostic facilities that may help to differentiate between functional and physical complaints. The association between electro-encephalographic (EEG) abnormalities and organic brain disease is well established; the benefit and importance of the EEG in Third-World psychiatry is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Electro-encephalography and performance in a poorly nourished South African population.

The electro-encephalographic (EEG) characteristics and psychometric performance of 'normal' black South African peri-urban children were assessed in the course of a large-scale normative study. Children identified as being poorly nourished according to growth standards were compared with a group of mildly growth-retarded children and with another group with normal growth. The socio-economic backgrounds of the three groups were checked and found to be the same. The children had had access to regular clinic attendance and none had ever been hospitalised for any serious illness--in particular malnutrition. Across the entire age range the poorly nourished children invariably were found to fare worse on both EEG and psychometric measures than the normal group.

Adolescent↗