Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EJACULATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of semen collection method on ejaculate characteristics in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus.

A source of normal spermatozoa (sperm) is required for many andrological and reproductive studies. Ideally the method used for semen collection should be repeatable and reliable but should not influence sperm characteristics or sperm function. Two methods of semen collection from marmosets, vaginal washing after copulation and electroejaculation, were compared in terms of the success rate in obtaining samples and the characteristics of the sperm suspensions. Vaginal washing was shown to be a reliable, repeatable, and apparently non-stressful method of obtaining ejaculates, with 8 out of 10 males ejaculating on at least four of the five attempts. The semen was of good quality as assessed by conventional means, and the sperm were highly fertile when used for artificial insemination (Al; 100% conception rate). In contrast, fewer ejaculates were obtained from the same males by electroejaculation (success rate 30%), sperm survival in vitro was reduced compared to sperm collected by vaginal washing (0.93 +/- 0.15 days for electroejaculated sperm compared to 1.98 +/- 0.3 days for sperm from vaginal washing), and the number of animals giving birth after Al was smaller (0 vs. 6; P < 0.05). The proportions of motile (74.8 vs. 70.7%), live (84.7 vs. 81%), and morphologically normal (91.9 vs. 87.6%) sperm in the ejaculates were not affected by the semen collection method, but velocity parameters, such as curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and average path velocity, as assessed by computerized motility analysis, were significantly lower in vaginal washings than in electroejaculates (P < 0.023, 0.008, and 0.008, respectively). Mean angular deviation and beat cross frequency were greater in vaginal washings than in electroejaculates (P < 0.016 and 0.008, respectively). Therefore the effect of semen collection method on sperm function should always be considered when designing reproductive studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of the fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using ejaculated sperms, epididymal sperms and testicular sperms.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been successfully used to achieve fertilization and pregnancies for patients with extreme oligoastheno-zoospermia using ejaculated sperms or patients with azoospermia using epididymal or testicular sperms. The aim of this study was to compare the fertilization rate after ICSI using ejaculated, epididymal and testicular sperms. Between January and September 1997, 10 azoospermic men underwent percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) to recover sperm for ICSI. A total of 5 PESA cases and 5 TESE cases were performed at the Center for Assisted Reproduction & Embryology. Thirty-one patients performed ICSI using ejaculated sperms during the same period of time were used as a control group. ICSI using ejaculated sperms, epididymal sperms from PESA and testicular sperms from TESE was a highly successful technique, achieving fertilization rates of 78.5 per cent, 83.3 per cent and 80.8 per cent, respectively. Good fertilization rates were achieved without significant differences among the various sperm sources.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1977

In vitro fertilization of hamster eggs by ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of male accessory secretions.

In vitro fertilization of hamster eggs by ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of seminal plasma or male accessory gland secretions was examined. There was no difference in the penetration rates, the time of sperm penetration and the optimal sperm concentration between ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa. The swelling of the zona pellucida, a high incidence of polyspermy, distortion of the vitellus and the degeneration of eggs were observed after incubation of ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of seminal plasma or accessory gland secretions. Using ejaculated spermatozoa, the fertilization rates of eggs with or without follicular cells were similar but fertilization by epididymal spermatozoa was inhibited by secretion of the seminal vesicle or ventral prostrate gland but not by that of the coagulating gland or the dorsal prostrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Female ejaculation: perceived origins, the Grafenberg spot/area, and sexual responsiveness.

Despite earlier contrary claims, some researchers have recently reported a possible homologous female prostate gland that is potentially involved in a sudden spurt of fluid being released at the moment of orgasm. A number of medical authorities have speculated that this fluid is urine. To alleviate concerns about the possible release of urine during orgasmic response as well as to contribute to a further understanding of physiological and psychological sexual satisfaction, we examined a series of variables thought to be associated with female ejaculation [(expulsion of fluid during orgasm and its relationship, if any, to a sensitive anatomic area (Grafenberg spot)]. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 2350 professional women in the United States and Canada with a subsequent 55% return rate. Of these respondents, 40% reported having a fluid release (ejaculation) at the moment of orgasm. Further, 82% of the women who reported the sensitive area (Grafenberg spot) also reported ejaculation with their orgasms. A number of variables were associated with this perceived existence of female ejaculation.

Arousal↗
PubMed1991

Complement C3, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase in the ejaculate in chronic prostato-adnexitis and their diagnostic value.

The clinical differential of chronic prostatitis and psycho-vegetative urogenital syndrome with objective laboratory tests is very difficult. 265 ejaculates with possible chronic prostatitis were bacteriologically examined (including the search for STD agents). To verify an inflammatory process in the prostate and adnexae, we tested the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels in ejaculate. In addition, semiquantitative leucocyte counts in stained smears of the ejaculate were carried out. 185 of 265 patients had C3 complement below detection levels or in the normal range excluding inflammation of prostate or adnexae. 16.8% of the C3-negative ejaculates showed an elevated PMN-elastase level associated with urethritis anterior and/or posterior caused by STD agents. 80 patients showed elevated C3 levels; 38.8% with elevated coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels. The semiquantitative leucocyte count in the stained smear proved the least sensitive method for verifying an inflammation. Enterococci (55.3%), Mycoplasma (18.8%) and Escherichia coli (16.5) were the dominant pathogens of chronic prostatitis present in number of 10(2) cfu/ml or greater than 10(5) cfu/ml. A correlation to the intensity of the inflammation was not found. These results show how important it is to realise a complete bacteriological examination as well as to determine the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN elastase.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A technique for transrectal ultrasonography of stallions during ejaculation.

A technique was developed in which the accessory sex glands of stallions were visualized with transrectal ultrasonography during ejaculation. The technique was judged to be effective, since 10 of 11 stallions were trained to tolerate transrectal ultrasonography during ejaculation; they ejaculated during 195 of 200 attempts, and acceptable visualization of their accessory sex glands and excurrent ducts occurred during 97 of 195 ejaculations. Sixty-five percent (89 136 ) of the recordings were successful for stallions that weighed more than 300 kg, whereas 14% (8 59 ) of the recordings were successful for stallions weighing less than 300 kg. The 98 unsuccessful attempts were caused by inaccurate transducer placement due to the small size of the pelvic canal(33 98 ), excessive transducer movement due to stallion movement (32 98 ), indistinct ultrasound images (28 98 ) and human error (5 98 ). The technique was judged to be safe, since no stallions or personnel sustained serious injuries during 200 data collection attempts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible in boars.

Boars that had a catheter implanted surgically in the urinary bladder (n = 10) were used to determine the magnitude of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder during ejaculation (Experiments 1 and 2) and the post-ejaculatory retention of spermatozoa in the urethra (Experiment 2). The overall mean (+/- SD) total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculates of boars used in Experiments 1 and 2 was 62 +/- 25 x 10(9) and 65 +/- 33 x 10(9), respectively. The overall mean adjusted total number of spermatozoa in the post-ejaculation urine of boars was 106 +/- 537 x 10(6) in Experiment 1, and 41 +/- 242 x 10(6) in Experiment 2. The overall mean percentage of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder was 0.15 +/- 0.78% for the boars used in Experiment 1, and 0.03 +/- 0.16% for boars used in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, the overall mean percentage of urethral loss of spermatozoa was 0.45 +/- 1.02%, and the overall mean percentage of total urinary losses was 0.48 +/- 1.03%. These findings demonstrate that in boars, in contrast to bulls, rams, dogs, and cats, urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Concurrent retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism in a dog: case report.

Retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism were diagnosed in a 19-mo-old Labrador retriever. The retrograde ejaculation was reversed following the administration of the sympathomimetic agent, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, at a dose of 4 mg/kg per os given 1 and 3 h before semen collection. Antegrade ejaculation failed to occur after normalization of serum thyroid hormone levels by thyroxine supplementation. The pathophysiology of retrograde ejaculation is reviewed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Mercury in urine and ejaculate in husbands of barren couples.

Mercury concentrations in morning urine and ejaculate were detected in 80 husbands of women presenting for infertility treatment. Additionally, the number of their dental amalgam fillings was documented. A routine spermiogram was performed, from which a numerical "fertility index" was calculated. Urinary mercury concentrations were in the range of non-exposed populations, only minute Hg concentrations were determined in ejaculate, 75% of the semen sample concentrations were under the detection limit of 5 micrograms/l. In comparison, 7 proven fertile workers with occupational mercury exposure had elevated levels of mercury in their ejaculates (range 10-65 micrograms/l). No positive correlation could be established between subject mercury concentrations in urine or ejaculate and the quality of their semen, expressed as fertility index. Equally, no such correlation could be established between the fertility index and the number of their dental amalgam fillings. From these preliminary data no evidence can be derived for the alleged relation between the mercury burden from dental amalgam fillings and male fertility disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes with fresh and frozen-thawed ejaculated or frozen-thawed epididymal semen obtained from identical boars.

The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro fertilizing capacity of porcine spermatozoa from fresh and frozen-thawed semen and frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa obtained from identical boars. Prior to IVF, fresh spermatozoa were capacitated in TCM 199. Frozen semen samples were stored in 0.25-ml plastic straws using a lactose/glycerol/orvus-es-paste extender. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) obtained from superovulated prepuberal gilts were fertilized in vitro within 2 h after aspiration with one of the semen samples. After final dilution for IVF, frozen-thawed epididymal semen samples showed motility rates (72.2 +/- 5.6%) similar to those of spermatozoa in fresh semen (76.4 +/- 4.5%), while sperm motility decreased in frozen-thawed ejaculated semen (40.2 +/- 9.4%). Considerable individual differences in sperm motility between boars were observed for ejaculated semen but not for epididymal semen. Enhanced fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa was confirmed by pronucleus formation and cleavage rates, with significantly more embryos developing to the 2- and 4-cell stages compared with the groups fertilized with fresh or with frozen-thawed ejaculated semen (59.7 vs 14.6 and 16%). In conclusion, consistent in vitro fertilization rates with minimal semen variability are obtained using frozen-thawed epididymal semen. Following a modified freezing protocol, epididymal spermatozoa can easily be frozen in small containers for IVF, with higher resultant motility and fertilization rates than with ejaculated semen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. VI. ejaculate competitive abilities of males having null or active alleles.

Recent studies of the function of the polymorphic seminal fluid enzyme, esterase 6, of Drosophila melanogaster suggested that it may act in the process of sperm displacement (Gilbert, Richmond and Sheehan, 1981a). This report examines the competitive ability of ejaculates from males homozygous for null or active alleles of esterase 6 under three experimental conditions that model aspects of sexual selection affecting males. The results demonstrate no significant difference in ejaculate competition between esterase 6 null or active male types, but marker males used for paternity identification had poorly competitive ejaculates. The proportion of second-male progeny, P2, used as an index of competition is primarily influenced by second-male genotype and uninfluenced by female genotype, P2 can change with time from remating and be unaffected by different intensities of competition, which suggests a complex ejaculate competition mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Grouping of human ejaculates according to the degree of coagulation and the relationship to the levels of choline and cholinesterase.

Human ejaculates were divided into 3 groups (I, II and III) according to the extent of their coagulation and the levels of free choline and cholinesterase were determined together with seminal vesicular N-acetylamino sugar and prostatic (zinc) marker components. Coagulation was determined as the percent coagulum (CG) at 5 min after ejaculation. The mean (+/- SEM) values for CG at 5 min in groups I, II and III were 6 +/- 2, 43 +/- 4 and 79 +/- 2, respectively. The time for 100% liquefaction in the 3 groups were 4.7 +/- 0.8, 12.9 +/- 1.4 and 19.1 +/- 2.1 min, respectively. Group III had significantly higher levels of choline and cholinesterase activity than groups I and II. The choline level was correlated significantly (r = 0.58) with the concentration of N-acetylamino sugar, but there was no correlation with the level of zinc. Evaluation of the level of choline in prostatic fluid, in semen from azoospermic men and in ejaculates with different CG values suggested that the level of choline may provide valuable information about activity of the seminal vesicles. Release of choline in group I was only 33 and 50% of that groups III and II, respectively. 60% of the total release of choline occurred during the liquefaction phase. The mean activity of cholinesterase in the prostate was only 27% lower than that found in seminal plasma. The liquefaction time and the concentration of choline, N-acetylamino sugar and zinc decreased significantly in ejaculates after 2 days of abstinence.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the coagulational characteristics of human ejaculates.

To study coagulation of human ejaculates, fresh semen samples were classified into coagulated (CG), fully-gelified (FG), partly-gelified (PG) and liquid (LQ) groups. The groups were identified physically, morphologically and biochemically. Physically and biochemically, there was no essential difference between the CG and FG ejaculates, but they differed markedly from those of the PG and LQ samples. Coagulation did not occur in ejaculates showing decreased vesicular activities. PG and LQ ejaculates demonstrated significantly higher prostatic activities from those of the CG and FG samples.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The presence of alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine and carnitine in the epididymis and ejaculate of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus).

The epididymis is the site of posttesticular sperm maturation in the male genital tract. Studies on human epididymides are hampered by the practical inaccessibility of epididymides of healthy men in their reproductive years. The limited use of laboratory animals therefore seems unavoidable. The objective was to establish baseline values of the epididymal markers alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and carnitine in the lumen of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis and in the ejaculate of adult male Chacma baboons and vervet monkeys. In both primates, alpha-glucosidase was found throughout the epididymis and in the ejaculate; values did not vary significantly. In monkeys, the highest concentration of GPC was found in the cauda epididymidis, but smaller amounts were found in the other regions and the ejaculate. In baboons, GPC was absent from the caput, but present in the other regions, including the ejaculate. Carnitine concentrations increased significantly from the caput to the cauda in monkeys and from the caput to the corpus in baboons. With this study, the relative concentration ranges in which these markers are present in the epididymides of these primates have been established. In future studies, changes in concentrations of these substances would probably indicate changes in epididymal function.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Characterization and localization of membrane vesicles in ejaculate fractions from the ram, boar and stallion.

Membrane vesicles, separated by differential centrifugation from the seminal plasma, were detected in the sperm-rich ejaculate fractions of four boars and three stallions, and in the whole ejaculates of seven rams. The volume and percentage of vesicles, determined by a stereological technique, were higher in the sperm-rich than in the post-sperm-rich fractions of the boar and stallion ejaculates, and no vesicles were detected in the pre sperm-rich fractions. Vesicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For boar, stallion and ram semen, the mean (+/- s.e.m.) vesicle diameters were 130.9 +/- 3.22 (range 18-577), 164.1 +/- 4.42 (range 15-671) and 159.7 +/- 2.92 nm (range 22-986), respectively, although they were not significantly different (p = 0.709). The vesicles had approximately round (TEM) or spherical shape (SEM), were surrounded by single, double or multi-laminar membranes, and were trapped within ample amorphous material, sometimes containing short, flattened membranous elements. The majority of the vesicles had a clear interior but some contained granule-dense material. Ram membrane vesicles, purified from ultracentrifuged plasma by size exclusion chromatography, kept their round shape and the amorphous material was less evident compared with the sections taken before purification. This is the first report to identify seminal plasma membrane vesicles in the different fractions of ejaculated semen in the boar and stallion, and confirms their presence in ram seminal plasma. The origin and function of these vesicles are yet to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of ejaculated spermatozoa from a man with mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.

AIM: To report a birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of ejaculated spermatozoa from a man with mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. METHODS: A 35-year-old man with a normal appearance consulted our hospital because of sterility over a 5-year period. Chromosome analysis showed low-incidence mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome. Using FISH, 96 % hyperploidy of the lymphocytes was found. We examined the sex chromosome of the ejaculated spermatozoa. Using FISH, we examined 200 ejaculated spermatozoa and no hyperploidy was found. RESULTS: The 33-year-old female partner of the male patient underwent an uncomplicated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation sequence using a combined recombinant-follicle stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) + human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) protocol, following late luteal phase pituitary down regulation. This culminated in the retrieval of seven oocytes, six of which were fertilized with ICSI. One ICSI attempt led to clinical pregnancy with a healthy baby girl. CONCLUSION: We report a male patient with low-incidence mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome whose ejaculated spermatozoa were identified as being haploid by FISH before ICSI, leading to the successful pregnancy of his wife and the birth of a healthy baby girl.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects on fertilization of rabbits of insemination with ejaculates treated with PG-dehydrogenase and antisera to PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha.

PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha in rabbit semen were selectively inactivated by incubation with antisera, or most of the seminal prostaglandins were transformed into biologically inactive 15-keto-prostaglandins by prostaglandin-15-hydroxydehydrogenase(PG-15-HDH). These treated ejaculates were vaginally inseminated. Compared to the controls (738 eggs of which 94% were fertilized) a dose-dependent reduction of the fertilization rate was observed with the anti-PGF-2 alpha-treated ejaculates. A non-uniformly, but statistically significantly reduced fertility was found in the other 2 treatment groups. After incubation with higher doses of PG-15-HDH, some fertilization was accomplished with ejaculates showing an extremely weak forward progression or immotile spermatozoa. An improvement in sperm motility, however, was observed in ejaculates treated with antiserum to PGF-2 alpha. Seminal prostaglandins may not exclusively affect sperm motility. The observed influences on the fertilization rate after treatment of spermatozoa with antisera to PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha or PG-15-HDH suggest that these are local effects in the female genital tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hypo-osmotic swelling test: analysis of prevasectomy ejaculates.

The hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test was applied to 1,890 ejaculates obtained from previously fertile men who subsequently underwent a vasectomy. Less than 3% of the ejaculates produced an abnormal HOS test (less than 50% swelling), and more than 95% were normal (greater than or equal to 60% swelling). The sperm concentration and motility data were similar to those obtained by other investigators with prevasectomy ejaculates. Statistically significant but low correlation coefficients were present between the HOS test and these other sperm variables. On the assumption that the large majority of these men were fertile when the ejaculates were produced, the results support the contention that fertility is usually associated with normal or, occasionally, equivocal values in the HOS test.

Adult↗