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PubMed1990

Human orf.

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Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Retrotransposable L1 elements expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue: association with genomic DNA hypomethylation and influence on gene expression.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by a progressive destruction of joints by invasive synovial fibroblasts (SF). We searched for retroviral sequences in RA synovial fluid pellets, identified a sequence similar to that of open reading frame 2 (ORF2)/L1 retrotransposable elements, explored the expression of L1 in RA synovial tissues and cultured RA SF, and investigated the link to genomic DNA hypomethylation and the influence of functional L1 on gene expression. METHODS: RA synovial fluid pellets were screened by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerated pol primers. The sequences were identified by GenBank search. Riboprobes to ORF2/L1 and galectin-3 and antibodies to the ORF1/L1-related p40 protein were used for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of synovial tissues and cultured RA SF. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used for detecting ORF1 messenger RNA (mRNA). Since DNA hypomethylation occurs in inflammatory diseases, we incubated cells with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azaC) and compared RA SF and osteoarthritis (OA) SF. L1-negative RA SF were transfected with the functional L1.2 construct, and differential gene expression was analyzed by subtractive hybridization combined with nested PCR. RESULTS: RNA sequences similar to those of ORF2/L1 retrotransposable elements, THE1 transposon, human endogenous retrovirus (ERV)-E, human ERV-HC2, and gibbon ape leukemia virus pol genes were isolated from different RA synovial fluid pellets. In RA synovial tissues, ORF2/L1 transcripts were detected in the sublining layer and at sites of cartilage and bone destruction. Galectin-3 mRNA and L1-related ORF1/ p40 protein showed similar expression patterns. In contrast, OA synovial tissues in situ and cultures in vitro were negative. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the presence of ORF1 mRNA in cultured RA SF (30-300-fold the amount in normal SF), demonstrating the existence of a nondegenerated and functional L1 element. In vitro, the majority of RA SF expressed ORF2/L1 mRNA. After incubation of SF with 5-azaC, L1 mRNA appeared in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Compared with OA SF, RA SF were more sensitive to 5-azaC. After transfection of RA SF with a functional L1.2 element, human stress-activated protein kinase 2 delta (SAPK2delta [or SAPK4]), met protooncogene, and galectin-3 binding protein genes were differentially expressed. The transcription of the SAPK2delta gene, favored also by DNA hypomethylation in vitro, was confirmed in RA synovial tissues. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that L1 elements and SAPK2delta pathways play a role in the activation of RA SF.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed2007

The perfect storm: Torsades de Pointes in a child with leukemia.

Torsades de Pointes (TdP) is a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia that can be associated with metabolic abnormalities, exposure to arrhythmogenic medications, and congenital long-QT syndrome. This report describes a patient with ALL and multiple complications of therapy who developed TdP. The patient had no evidence of congenital long-QT syndrome, but a constellation of factors appears to have led to QT prolongation, ventricular ectopy, and TdP. Although the patient suffered cardiac arrest, rapid recognition of TdP and prompt defibrillation resulted in an excellent outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Tonsillectomy-induced changes in anti-keratin antibodies in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: a clinical correlation.

Titers of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) involving IgG and IgM fractions were determined by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) and were found to be significantly higher on average in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) than in normal controls. Positive rates of IgG-AKA and IgM-AKA in sera of PPP patients were 50% and 66%, respectively. Following tonsillectomies, patients with high IgM-AKA titers that decreased after surgery were found to benefit by a marked improvement in their skin lesions. There was a close relationship between the degree of this improvement in the skin lesions and the changes in IgM-AKA titers after the operation. These results suggest that PPP may be a tonsil-related immunological skin disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

The genome of orf virus: restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA isolated from lesions of orf in sheep.

The purification of orf virus directly from scab material from clinical cases of orf in sheep and restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA is described. Between 7 x 10(9) and 1.6 x 10(11) virus particles, and 0.7 to 22.8 micrograms of viral DNA could be recovered from 1g of scab material. Considerable heterogeneity was observed between different field isolates when restriction endonuclease digests of orf DNA were compared by gel electrophoresis. It was also shown, for two isolates, that these fragment patterns did not change after plaque purification and passage in cell culture. It is suggested that restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA offers a convenient method of identification of isolates of orf virus. The molecular weight of orf DNA was determined and found to be 88.8 x 10(6).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

ORF in sheep and goats in Nigeria.

Orf virus was demonstrated in biopsy material taken from lambs during an outbreak of the disease on the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm. Clinical cases were also seen in goats. The confirmation of orf in Nigeria is discussed in relation to peste des petits ruminants, an important virus disease of small ruminants in West African countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Severe complications induced by experimental bacterial superinfection of orf lesions.

Twelve goats about 3 months of age were divided into 4 equal groups. Goats in Groups 1 and 2 were infected with orf virus followed by Corynebacterium pyogenes infection of Groups 1 and 3, 3 days after the first appearance of orf lesions. Goats in Group 4 were uninfected controls. Complicated orf lesions which consisted of wet suppurative scabs around the entire lips were observed in goats in Group 1. The lesions persisted for 24 days but were most severe from days 8 to 13. Goats in Group 2 developed lesions typical of orf virus infection that lasted 10 days, while goats in Group 3 developed small nodules of about 1 cm diameter, 48 hours following the introduction of C. pyogenes, which persisted for only 6 days. No lesion was observed in goats in Group 4. Two goats in Group 1 with complicated orf died after 16 and 22 days respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Microbiological research at the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM).

The nature of the research carried out by the staff of the Microbiology Section of the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM) at home and abroad is illustrated by precis of projects on rinderpest, orf in goats and sheep, bovine dermatophilosis, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, tick-borne fever in goats and sheep, bovine petechial fever, and caprine cowdriosis.

Animals↗