Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Duodenum”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of blood flow measurements by hydrogen gas clearance and laser Doppler flowmetry in the rat duodenum.

This report examines the relationship between hydrogen gas clearance and laser Doppler flowmetry measurements in the duodenum of fasted, anesthetized rats under conditions of 1) reduced perfusion due to graded levels of hemorrhagic hypotension or 2) hyperemia due to perfusion with step doses of acid. There was a significant correlation between hydrogen gas clearance and laser Doppler flowmetry measurements (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01; n = 32 data points in 16 rats). The change in laser Doppler flowmetry values from the period immediately before to the period during the 3 min of acid perfusion was significantly correlated with the dose of acid used (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01; n = 27 rats). The changes in hydrogen gas clearance and laser Doppler flowmetry values from the 30-min period before to the 30-min period after acid perfusion were not correlated with the dose of acid used (r = 0.30 and 0.33, respectively). We conclude that in the rat duodenum 1) the significant linear correlation between hydrogen gas clearance and laser Doppler flowmetry when blood flow is reduced suggests that the countercurrent exchange mechanism is unlikely to modulate significantly hydrogen gas clearance measurements, and 2) the dose-related acid-induced duodenal hyperemia is transient rather than persistent when the rat duodenum is exposed to hydrochloric acid (0.03 to 0.1 N) for 3 min.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Role of duodenal serotonin in the pharmacological effects of DOPA and dopamine in the isolated rat duodenum].

We have studied the responsibility of tissue serotonin reserves in the excito-motor effects induced by DOPA and dopamine on the isolated rat duodenum in vitro in certain experimental conditions. Two groups of experiments have been performed: first the determination of serotonin endogenous stores after administration of repeated high doses of DOPA and dopamine in the organ bath, secondly the evaluation of motor effects of DOPA and dopamine on rat duodenums experimentally depleted of their endogenous serotonin stores. Serotonin levels were lowered after DOPA and the excito-motor effect of this compound was suppressed in serotonin-depleted duodenums. After dopamine, serotonin tissue levels were not significantly lowered, and the excito-motor effect was observed whatever the serotonin stores may be, depleted or not. Our results are consistent with a relationship between the excito-motor effects of DOPA and serotonin release from endogenous stores; but, concerning dopamine, experimental proofs supporting this hypothesis have not been obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Grain processing, forage-to-concentrate ratio, and forage length effects on ruminal nitrogen degradation and flows of amino acids to the duodenum.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of dietary factors that alter ruminal fermentability on rumen N degradation, microbial protein synthesis, duodenal flows, and digestibility of amino acids (AA) in the intestines and the total tract. The experiment was a double 4 x 4 quasi-Latin square with a 2(3) factorial arrangement of treatments. The dietary factors were extent of barley grain processing, coarse (processing index; PI = 75.5%) or flat (PI = 60.2%); forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio, low (35:65) or high (55:45) on a DM basis; and forage particle length (FPL), long (7.59 mm) or short (6.08 mm). Eight lactating cows with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were offered ad libitum access to a total mixed diet. There were no significant interactions between dietary treatments for ruminal N degradation or its duodenal flow and digestibility in the intestines. Passage of microbial protein to the duodenum was improved with increased F:C ratio of the diet but was not affected by grain processing or FPL. Ruminal digestibility of N was increased with increased F:C ratio (49 vs. 60%) and with reduced FPL (59 vs. 50%). Increased grain processing improved N digestibility both in the intestine (15%) and in the total tract (8%). Reduction in the FPL of the diets reduced intestinal N digestion by 14% without affecting the N digestion in the total tract. Increased extent of grain processing tended to enhance duodenal flows of AA. In contrast, reducing FPL lowered flows of dietary AA to the duodenum because of lowered flows of feed plus endogenous N. Increased F:C ratio of the diet did not change the flow of total AA, but there was a reduced flow of dietary AA and increased flow of microbial AA. Flows of several individual AA were increased by feeding flatly rolled barley with limited effects of F:C ratio or FPL. An interaction between grain processing and FPL was detected for flows of some AA. Diets formulated with flatly rolled barley plus long FPL increased Arg, Thr, Asp, Glu, Ser, Tyr, and nonessential AA (NEAA) by more than 24%, compared with other combinations of grain processing and FPL. Digestibility of essential AA (EAA) in the intestine (68%) was higher than that of NEAA (63%), but digestion of total AA (65%) was similar to that of total N (66%). Digestibilities of individual AA in the intestine ranged from 46 to 77% and were generally improved with increased grain processing. However, effects of F:C ratio or FPL on digestion of AA were limited. These results indicate that manipulation of dairy cow diets can improve ruminal N degradation, microbial protein synthesis, flows of AA to the duodenum, and intestinal digestibility of AA. Combining dietary factors can be more beneficial than changing individual dietary factors for improving the delivery of AA to the small intestine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Fatty acid flow to the duodenum and in milk from cows fed diets that contained fat and nicotinic acid.

Four cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design; treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. Treatments were 1) low fat diet, no nicotinic acid; 2) low fat diet, 12 g/d of nicotinic acid; 3) high fat diet, no nicotinic acid; and 4) high fat diet, 12 g/d of nicotinic acid. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake diets consisting of 35% alfalfa silage, 15% corn silage, and either 50% low fat concentrate or 40% high fat concentrate (tallow supplied 6.25% of concentrate) and 10% whole raw soybeans (dry matter basis). Intake of gross energy (104 Mcal/d) was not different among treatments. Ruminal and postruminal digestibility of energy was not altered by fat or nicotinic acid. Fatty acid intake and flow to the duodenum were increased by fat but were not affected by nicotinic acid. For all diets, flows to the duodenum of C16:0, C18:0, total C18, and total fatty acids increased, and flows of C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 decreased, compared with their intakes. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated C18 was decreased by fat but was not affected by nicotinic acid. Digestibilities of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and total fatty acids that flowed to the duodenum were decreased by fat but were not affected by nicotinic acid. The yield of C18:0 in milk was increased, and yields of C6:0 to C16:0 fatty acids were decreased, by fat, but yields were not affected by nicotinic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Research note: maintenance of duodenum weight during a molt induced by dietary zinc in a low-calcium diet.

The duodenal loop was excised from hens that had been induced to molt by a low-calcium diet containing 2,800 ppm zinc in the form of zinc sulfate heptahydrate. This was compared to that of hens pair-fed a layer diet. In Experiment 1, hens exhibited an increased duodenum weight after receiving the zinc diet for 14 days but no differences remained 14 days later. In Experiment 2, increased duodenum weight was noted after 4 days on the zinc diet and this persisted through 10 days. This greater tissue weight was observed whether expressed on a wet or dry weight basis. Thus, there was a persistency of tissue mass. The duodenum does not regress during a zinc-induced molt as it does during a fast-induced molt.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of gastric hypersecretion on the canine duodenum.

The neutralization of acid introduced into the duodenum has been found to be less intensive in patients with duodenal ulcer than in controls. The present work studied the possibility that chronic gastric hypersecretion injures the duodenal mucosa and thereby influences the neutralization system. Gastric hypersecretion was provoked for 3 weeks in 3 dogs by a daily injection of a gastrin preparation with prolonged effect. After a subcutaneous injection of this preparation given together with a test meal the acidity of both gastric and duodenal contents was found to increase significantly. After the 3 weeks of gastric hypersecretion the pancreatic bicarbonate response to exogenous secretin was unchanged, while the bicarbonate response to duodenal acidification was decreased from 2.03 mEq/30 min to 1.27 mEq/30 min (p less than 0.05), compatible with an impaired secretin release. Also the concentration of lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase in mucosal biopsies from the second part of the duodenum was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). These results indicate that gastric hypersecretion causes mucosal damage in the duodenum and thereby reduces the release of secretin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum caused by blunt abdominal trauma.

Five patients with blunt retroperitoneal injury of the duodenum are presented. In three of them the trauma was caused by a traffic accident, the most common mechanism of such injuries. One patient died. The high index of suspicion is still the best indication for laparotomy in retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum, because no typical finding or reliably diagnostic test could be demonstrated even in the present study. The proper treatment in less severe injuries of the retroperitoneal duodenum is evacuation of the hematoma or simple suture of the rupture with drainage and naso-gastric suction. Internal drainage as an afferent jejunostomy is sometimes necessary in the treatment of more severe injuries. Pancreatoduodenectomy is to be reserved for only the very severe duodenal injuries, where the head of the pancreas is badly crushed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Grafting of stomach tissue into the duodenum in F344 rats results in chimeric crypts and tumor development.

Gastric tissue was transplanted from the fundic and pyloric mucosa of 8-week old female F344 rats into the duodenum of males. Autopsy, 12 months after the operation, revealed grafts associated with persistent stones in the duodenum and/or calcification in the tissue. Pepsinogen positive chimeric glands with goblet cells also appeared in the grafts which gave rise to tumors in 18 out of 45 animals (40%). In conclusion, stomach grafts re-differentiate into intestine with goblet cells in the duodenum and this process predisposes to tumor development.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[6 years' personal experience with duodenum-sparing procedures in chronic pancreatitis].

The First Surgical Clinic of the First Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital Prague made operations of the pancreas ever since 1971. In the work sooner or later all approaches to surgical treatment of pancreatitis were reflected. The authors present a brief review of results and their own experience since 1994 when duodenum sparing operations were introduced. Indications for surgical treatment were based on the diagnosis by US, CT and ERCP, in exceptional cases MR, after evaluation by a pancreatologist, roentgenologist and surgeon. The group of patients with chronic pancreatitis was extended by 15 patients from a group operated because of preoperative suspicion of a malignant pancreatic tumour not confirmed during and after surgery. In those Whipple's operation was performed. The same operation was performed in three patients with chronic pancreatitis with serious changes in the area of the head of the pancreas. In 111 patients a drainage and duodenum sparing operation was performed. Of these in 46x according to Neger, 9x according to Frey, 10x modification of these operations, 37x Partington-Rochelle's procedure. The authors did not record postoperative complications after the classical Beger operation and the hospital stay was on average by five days shorter as compared with the classical method of Whipple. When evaluating postoperative complaints and problems (pain, malnutrition, physical constitution and social position) the authors recorded equally favourable results as after non-complicated duodenopancreatectomy. They varied, depending on the patient s co-operation round 87% while after longitudinal drainage of the duct a satisfactory result was recorded in 78% of the operated patients. The authors consider Beger's operation logical because of the removal of the main tissue mass of the head of the pancreas, responsible for pain, complications caused by fibrosis in the area round the bile duct and duodenum, responsible for the deterioration of the compartment syndrome in the left half of the gland. Its result is destruction of the remainder of exocrine and endocrine tissue. Of 170 operated patients one patient with decompensated diabetes died. Based on their own experience the authors do not consider repeated re-operations an absolute contraindication of Beger's operation when conditions permit. A problem is, in their opinion, fibrosis in the vicinity of the pancreas and portal overpressure.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

The Nramp2/DMT1 iron transporter is induced in the duodenum of microcytic anemia mk mice but is not properly targeted to the intestinal brush border.

Microcytic anemia (mk) mice and Belgrade (b) rats are severely iron deficient because of impaired intestinal iron absorption and defective iron metabolism in peripheral tissues. Both animals carry a glycine to arginine substitution at position 185 in the iron transporter known as Nramp2/DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1). DMT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression has been examined in the gastrointestinal tract of mk mice. Northern blot analysis indicates that, by comparison to mk/+ heterozygotes, mk/mk homozygotes show a dramatic increase in the level of DMT1 mRNA in the duodenum. This increase in RNA expression is paralleled by a concomitant increase of the 100-kd DMT1 isoform I protein expression in the duodenum. Immunohistochemical analyses show that, as for normal mice on a low-iron diet, DMT1 expression in enterocytes of mk/mk mice is restricted to the duodenum. However, and in contrast to normal enterocytes, little if any expression of DMT1 is seen at the apical membrane in mk/mk mice. These results suggest that the G185R mutation, which was shown to impair the transport properties of DMT1, also affects the membrane targeting of the protein in mk/mk enterocytes. This loss of function of DMT1 is paralleled by a dramatic increase in expression of the defective protein in mk/mk mice. This is consistent with a feedback regulation of DMT1 expression by iron stores. (Blood. 2000;96:3964-3970)

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Prolactin directly stimulates transcellular active calcium transport in the duodenum of female rats.

Prolactin has been postulated to be a novel calcium-regulating hormone during pregnancy and lactation. It stimulates both passive and active duodenal calcium transport in several experimental models. Our study was performed on sexually mature female Wistar rats (200-250 g) to study the direct action of prolactin on calcium transport in the duodenum using the Ussing chamber technique. To evaluate the effect of prolactin on total calcium transport in the duodenum, we intraperitoneally injected rats with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg prolactin. The total calcium transport was divided into voltage-dependent, solvent drag-induced, and transcellular active fluxes by applying short-circuit current and by mucosal glucose replacement with mannitol. The effect of prolactin on each flux was studied separately. Finally, to evaluate the direct action of prolactin on duodenal transcellular active flux, we directly exposed duodenal segments to prolactin that had been added to the serosal solution with or without calcium transport inhibitors. We found that 0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg prolactin ip significantly increased the total mucosa-to-serosa calcium flux from the control value (nmol x hr(-1) x cm(-2)) of 34.53+/-6.81 to 68.07+/-13.53 (P < 0.05) and 84.43+/-19.72 (P < 0.01), respectively. Prolactin also enhanced the solvent drag-induced calcium flux and transcellular active calcium flux, but not the voltage-dependent calcium flux. The duodenal segments directly exposed to 200, 400, and 800 ng/mL prolactin showed a significant increase in the transcellular active calcium absorption in a dose-dependent manner, i.e., from the control value (nmol x hr(-1) x cm(-2)) of 2.94+/-0.47 to 5.45+/-0.97 (P < 0.01), 8.09+/-0.52 (P < 0.001), and 18.42+/-2.92 (P < 0.001), respectively. Its direct action was inhibited by mucosal exposure to 50 microM lanthanum chloride, a calcium transporter protein competitor, and serosal exposure to 0.1 mM trifluoperazine, a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor. These studies demonstrate that the duodenum is a target organ of prolactin, which enhances transcellular active calcium transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Variations of the arterial supply of the duodenum and the pancreas in the domestic cat (Felis domestica brisson).

We found that there are variations of the arterial supply of the duodenum and the pancreas in the domestic cat. In not a single cat does the cranial pancreatico-duodenal artery supply the whole descending duodenum. In 80% of our cases it supplies the cranial half, and in 20% of our cases only the cranial third of the descending duodenum. Only 48% of our cases is the caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery the first branch of the cranial mesenteric artery. But in 52% of our cases it is the second or even the third branch of the cranial mesenteric artery.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

L-365,260 reversed effect of sincalide against morphine on electrical and mechanical activities of rat duodenum in vitro.

AIM: To study the antagonism of sincalide (CCK-8) to the effect of morphine and its mechanism. METHODS: The electrical and mechanical activities of rat duodenum in vitro were recorded simultaneously. RESULTS: Acetylcholine (ACh, 300 nmol/L) increased the spike potential amplitude (SPA) and the number (SPN) of rat duodenum in vitro, followed by an increase of duodenal contraction amplitudes (CA). The SPA, SPN, and CA of duodenum in vitro were not obviously affected by injection of morphine (330 nmol/L), but it could selectively inhibit the potentiation of ACh. After administration of CCK-8 (0.7 nmol/L), the SPA, SPN, and CA of duodenal segment did not exhibit obvious changes. But CCK-8 could selectively antagonize the effects of morphine, ie, the SPA and SPN were increased again, followed by an increase of CA. CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 (30 nmol/L) reversed the antagonism of CCK-8 to the effect of morphine. CONCLUSION: CCK-8 could selectively antagonize the effect of morphine which inhibited the potentiation of ACh on duodenal activities in vitro. The antagonistic effect of CCK-8 on morphine was mainly mediated by CCK-B receptor.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of heterologous duodenal content on the motor activity of the duodenum].

The authors carried out studies on 15 rabbits (9 controls and 6 experimental and examined the motor activity of the duodenum after infusing duodenal content from patients with clinicaly established diagnosis of chronic hepatitis at precirrhotic stage. The duodenal secretion obtained from the patients, was examined in advance and the activity of enterokinase and trypsin was determined. The obtained results showed that during infusion of saline or duodenal content, taken from healthy persons, the control group did not reveal any change in the motor activity of the duodenum. In the experimental group after infusion fo duodenal content, taken from patients with liver disease, there was a demonstrative inhibition of the motor activity of the duodenum after the third infusion in all trials. The motor activity was vot normalized for a period of 5-6 hours. There was a reduction in the activity of the enzymes enerokinase and trypsin under the normal values in the doudenal content, taken from patients with chronic hepatitis before its infusion. This coincided with the literary data.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum caused by blunt abdominal trauma.

Five patients with blunt retroperitoneal injury of the duodenum are presented. In three of them the trauma was caused by a traffic accident, the most common mechanism of such injuries. One patient died. The high index of suspicion is still the best indication for laparotomy in retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum, because no typical finding or reliably diagnostic test could be demonstrated even in the present study. The proper treatment in less severe injuries of the retroperitoneal duodenum is evacuation of the hematoma or simple suture of the rupture with drainage and naso-gastric suction. Internal drainage as an afferent jejunostomy is sometimes necessary in the treatment of more severe injuries. Pancreatoduodenectomy is to be reserved for only the very severe duodenal injuries, where the head of the pancreas is badly crushed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Injuries to the duodenum and pancreas in 42 operated cases].

42 consecutive patients who sustained injuries to the duodenum or/and pancreas were admitted to our hospital. Over a twenty year period 32 blunt injuries and 10 penetrating injuries were encountered. Penetrating injuries were always suspected and treated by time: following blunt injury diagnostic delay was encountered in 14 patients and insufficient surgical procedure because of intra-operative misinterpretation in 2 patients. Most of the patients had associated intra-abdominal organ injuries. Adjusts to diagnosis such as abdominal roentgenograms, serum amylase levels and gastroduodenography was not helpful. CT scan and ultrasound allowed to confirm the suspected diagnosis in 3 cases only. Intraoperative diagnosis was also challenging. Complete mobilization of the strictures surrounding the duodenum and the pancreas to provide entire exposure was necessary in 12 patients treated first in a peripheral hospital, diagnosis of the injury have been missed at first laparotomy and reoperation was necessary in all of them. Suture closure of the duodenum and drainage of the pancreatic region wee the most common reparative techniques used. More complicated procedures with pancreatic and/or duodenal resection were performed in 12 patients. Overall mortality in patients surviving more than 24 hours was 14%. Suture live dehiscence after delayed operation (4) and 2 deaths due to brain injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Duodenum preserving cephalic pancreatectomy and pancreatico-gastrostomy in the surgical treatment of the chronic pancreatitis].

UNLABELLED: Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy had been introduced in surgery practice by O. Whipple, for the treatment for the cancer of ampulla of Vater, later this indication has also been extended to other pancreatic disorders including the cases of chronic pancreatitis. Cephalic pancreatectomy with the remaining of the duodenum used lately in the treatment of chronic pancreatic eliminates the disadvantages of the operation Whipple. Further on, we present a case of chronic pancreatitis where a cephalo-pancreatic resection has been done with the remaining of the duodenum, the pancreatic blunt being anastomosed with the stomach by pancreatico-gastrostomy, terminal-lateral, a cystoduodenostomy had being done to this patient. Ten months after the surgery, the patient is in a good general state, without subjective pain, putting weight, and a glucose metabolism without changes. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatico-gastrostomy may represent a modality of solving the pancreatic blunt after the cephalic pancreatectomy with the remaining of the duodenum.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head with the ultrasonic coagulating shears.

Duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head is a risk factor for pancreatic fistula because of the wide surface of the transected pancreas. We report on a 72-year-old woman undergoing this procedure for cystadenoma in the pancreatic head using the ultrasonic coagulating shears. The soft pancreatic parenchyma was extensively transected around the cyst with the coagulating shears. Suture of the cut stump was not necessary due to absence of bleeding. The distal pancreatic duct was well preserved for pancreatojejunostomy. We oversewed the possible opening of the main pancreatic duct on the remaining pancreas attached to the duodenum after confirming the location by intrabiliary dye injection. The postoperative course was uneventful. The draining fluid amylase level was low and there were no viscous materials from the drains. We compared histologic changes of a porcine pancreas transected with the coagulating shears or electrocautery to evaluate the sealing effect of the transected surface. The cut stump was covered by a continuing layer of thick protein coagulum in cases of coagulating shears, but by a disrupted layer of coagulating necrosis with charring in cases of electrocautery. The coagulating shears are useful for pancreatic transection in duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head to prevent bleeding and pancreatic fistula from the cut surface.

Aged↗