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PubMed2026

Development of a new recombineering system for Edwardsiella species.

Edwardsiella species are important aquaculture pathogens that also cause opportunistic infections in humans, necessitating efficient genome editing tools to study their pathogenesis and develop control strategies. In this study, we identified and characterized six endogenous recombinases pairs from Edwardsiella and its phages. Among these, the BAS_MS17 system exhibited the highest recombination efficiency in E. piscicida EIB202Δp. Extending homology arms from 150 bp to 200 bp improved editing efficiency by 2-fold, while the addition of Redg or Plug further enhanced recombination by 3-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, without compromising accuracy (100%). More importantly, when applied to E. piscicida sdu12S, Redg or Plug improved the editing efficiency by 8-fold and 7-fold, respectively. Deletion of the phage-derived single-strand binding protein (SSB) reduced efficiency to 25% of the BAS_MS17 level, whereas expression of the endogenous RecA-family SSB (rSSB) increased recombinant yield by 5-fold, highlighting functional conservation. Furthermore, SSB proteins from heterologous hosts failed to enhance recombination efficiency. Using the optimized system, we successfully knocked out ten distinct genes, including virulence-associated loci, with editing accuracy exceeding 85%. Phenotypic analysis revealed that luxR, but not the other tested genes, contributes to biofilm formation. Virulence evaluation results showed that aroA, fur, and hfq are critical virulence-associated factors. Collectively, this streamlined recombineering system provides a simple, rapid, and efficient genetic tool for Edwardsiella, supporting mechanistic studies of virulence and the development of live attenuated vaccine candidates.

Edwardsiella piscicida↗

PubMed2026

Early proteomic and metabolic signatures of liver and eye in OAT-deficient mice.

Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) deficiency causes hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina, a rare inherited retinal degeneration. To understand the early molecular changes that make the eye susceptible to damage, we performed quantitative proteomic and metabolomic profiling of liver, retina, and retinal pigment epithelium and choroid (RPE/Cho) from OAT-deficient (Oatrhg) mice prior to detectable vision impairment. In addition to reduced OAT expression and elevated ornithine, methylation-related metabolites such as N(6)-methyl-lysine were altered in all examined tissues of Oatrhg mice. In the liver, excess ornithine was directed into urea cycle metabolism, together with altered expression of detoxification enzymes and histone H2B proteins. In contrast, the retina showed minimal proteomic changes but pronounced alterations in amino acid pathways that support glutamate homeostasis. The RPE/Cho demonstrated the most extensive proteomic changes, particularly in mitochondrial metabolism, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, along with changes in metabolites involved in lysine metabolism, energy metabolism, and antioxidant capacity. Incubation with 13C lysine demonstrated that lysine was primarily degraded in RPE/Cho but not the retina, and ornithine enhanced lysine degradation in an OAT-dependent manner. Together, these findings highlight common and tissue-specific impacts of OAT on the liver and ocular tissues and provide insight into early molecular changes that contribute to the selective vulnerability of the eye in GA. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD063614) and metabolomics data via MassIVE repository (MSV000101103).

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive analysis suggests CRIF1 is a potential target in breast cancer associated with prognosis and immune infiltration.

BACKGROUND: CRIF1 is a multifunctional factor that regulates cell biological processes such as the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and energy metabolism, and it is a new molecule that contributes to the poor prognosis of many malignancies. However, its involvement in breast cancer development is not fully known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the relationship between CRIF1 expression, prognosis, and clinical characteristics using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BRCA). The relationship between CRIF1 expression and the immunological microenvironment was investigated using CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE. Breast tissue and CRIF1 expression were validated by IHC. A tiny interfering plasmid was designed to transiently transfect breast cancer cell lines, and proliferation-related functional tests were carried out. The effect of sh CRIF1 on tumor formation was confirmed using a subcutaneous tumor experiment in naked mice. RESULTS: We discovered that CRIF1 was highly elevated in breast cancer tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CRIF1 stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Knockdown decreased PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which boosted autophagy activity. Immune infiltration research revealed that patients with high CRIF1 expression had higher CD8+ T cell expression but reduced macrophage M2 expression. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of CRIF1 in breast cancer cells enhances malignant behavior, which may be mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and is linked to cellular autophagy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Reprogrammed Komagataella phaffii for enhanced secretory expression of human lactoferrin.

Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein of the transferrin family derived from milk and mucosal secretions, which exhibits antibacterial, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory functions, and is an important component of infant formula. Conventional methods for lactoferrin expression are often inefficient, primarily due to inadequate protein synthesis capabilities and poor stability within microbial hosts. Herein, a Komagataella phaffii yeast strain capable of high-level secretory expression of hLF was constructed by reprogramming the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuole using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. A dual-expression cassette containing the AOX1 promoter, an α-secretion signal peptide, the hLF gene, and a terminator was integrated into three different sites of the K. phaffii genome. The stepwise strategy combining expansion of the ER membrane involved in protein synthesis with knockout of vacuolar proteases further enhanced hLF production. Subsequently, 0.1 g/L FeCl₃ was added to the medium to reduce the toxicity of hLF and improve its stability. After high-density cultivation of K. phaffii through optimization of cultivation conditions in shake flasks and a 5 L bioreactor, the secretory intact hLF titer reached 2214 mg/L, representing a 76.3-fold increase achieved through these engineering strategies. In addition, antibacterial experiments demonstrated that this secretory hLF had a significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast. Overall, the developed K. phaffii protein expression platform enabled efficient production of lactoferrin, demonstrating its potential for expressing other lactoproteins.

Lactoferrin↗

PubMed2026

Spatially confined electrochemical strategy with DNA-assembled nanogaps for SNP detection.

Accurate detection of low-abundance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against a large excess of homologous wild-type sequences requires both selective molecular recognition and effective transduction of small sequence differences into measurable signals. Here, we report a spatially confined electrochemical strategy that couples sequence-selective recognition with size-dependent mass-transport gating. DNA-hybridization-driven self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) forms a three-dimensional self-assembled electrode (3D-SAE) with a DNA-defined interparticle architecture. Competitive probes (SP/WP) convert single-base recognition into distinct molecular-size states: the SNP-associated pathway preferentially triggers a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), generating bulky AuNP-anchored HCR/methylene blue complexes (Au@HCR/MB) with reduced electrochemical accessibility through the porous 3D-SAE, whereas the wild-type pathway does not trigger HCR and maintains a high-current response from more readily accessible MB-containing species. Thus, sequence recognition is translated into a molecular-size difference and subsequently into an electrochemical signal through differential mass transport. Under buffer conditions, the platform achieved a statistically estimated detection limit of ∼0.47 fM and a quantitative range of 1 fM-100 pM. It discriminated a 0.1% mutant abundance in a fragmented genomic-DNA background. The downstream signal-transduction chemistry is enzyme-free and isothermal. This work establishes a mechanistical recognition-size-conversion-mass-transport-gating architecture for electrochemical nucleic acid analysis.

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of current approaches to non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and the potential impact of artificial intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, particularly within Caucasian populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively review the current literature on non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and evaluate the current evidence to support the use of tools in addition to, or in replacement of clinician face-to-face assessment. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for publications in PubMed, Medline and Embase databases. Articles describing accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and outcomes of their mode of assessment were included. A total of 208 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the interpretation of dermatoscopic images was high for melanoma diagnosis, basal cell carcinoma or malignancy, in comparison to dermatoscopic assessment alone by clinicians and experts. Although AI interpretation of images demonstrated higher sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis in comparison to clinical assessment combined with dermatoscopic assessment, it is unclear if this is also the case for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Reflectance confocal microscopy, a non-invasive high resolution imaging technique, is known to have a high sensitivity for diagnosing cutaneous malignancy, and this may have applications within secondary care. Therefore, AI could help reduce resource burden and aid in clinical assessment, particularly within primary care settings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Reversed unidirectional transport in a Janus polyurethane/alginate dressing for directional postbiotic delivery to infected wounds.

Probiotic-derived postbiotics exhibit significant potential for infected wound control; however, their effective and localized delivery at wound sites remains a challenge. This study developed a polyurethane/alginate composite nonwoven via electrospinning to establish a postbiotic delivery platform for Bifidobacterium bifidum BD-1 (PU/Alg/BD-1). The beaded fibrous hydrophobic PU layer and hydrophilic Alg layer form a wettability gradient, enabling reversed unidirectional fluid transport toward the wound interface while inhibiting backflow. In vitro results showed that PU/Alg/BD-1 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and good cytocompatibility with a hemolysis rate of <5%. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed multiple organic acids in the BD-1 metabolites, which contributed to its antibacterial activity. In vivo microbial analysis verified that PU/Alg/BD-1 effectively reduced the relative abundance of Staphylococcus at the wound site while increasing the proportions of Corynebacterium and Psychrobacter. This microbial modulation contributed to infection control in a rat full-thickness infected wound model, accompanied by a shift in the macrophage phenotype and the downregulation of inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the PU/Alg/BD-1 group. Compared with the blank control, conventional gauze, PU/Alg, and BD-1 groups, PU/Alg/BD-1 significantly promoted wound contraction and re-epithelialization and enhanced collagen deposition. Hence, this study provides an effective material construction strategy for the application of probiotic-derived postbiotics to promote wound healing, demonstrates the potential of BD-1 to regulate the wound microenvironment and accelerate healing, and thereby offers a novel approach for the treatment of infected wounds.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Bacteroides cellulosilyticus-derived 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid rectifies hepatic lipid homeostasis in MASLD by targeting the PPARγ-CD36 axis.

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the specific molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. In this study, human cohort studies were performed to identify that the relative abundance of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus (B. cellulosilyticus) was significantly decreased in patients with MASLD. Through the integration of metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, it was confirmed that B. cellulosilyticus and its metabolite 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2HPAA) are key factors regulating the occurrence and development of MASLD. Single-cell sequencing and lipidomic analyses revealed that 2HPAA can enter the liver through the enterohepatic circulation to exert regulatory effects. Specifically, 2HPAA inhibits the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36. Meanwhile, 2HPAA regulates lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by significantly enhancing palmitate conversion efficiency and inhibiting CD36 palmitoylation. This dual regulatory effect on CD36 expression and palmitoylation can reduce lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and ultimately alleviate MASLD progression. These findings reveal the mechanism by which B. cellulosilyticus and 2HPAA alleviate MASLD by targeting the PPARγ-CD36 pathway. This work provides a new perspective for the study of gut microbiota-host interactions in regulating liver diseases.

PPAR gamma↗

PubMed2025

Effects of aerosol aging on composition and light-absorbance of nitrogen-containing organic compounds: Evidences from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis.

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) are key components of particulate matter (PM), but their compositional evolution and light-absorbing properties during atmospheric aging remain poorly understood. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to semi-quantitatively analyze 59 PM1 samples collected in Shanghai. NOCs accounted for 31 % and 64 % of the detected species in negative (ESI-) and positive (ESI+) ionization modes, respectively. Atmospheric aging significantly reduced the molecular diversity of polar organics, with both the number and mass concentration percentages of CHON- compounds showing significant negative correlations with aging degree. Van Krevelen analysis demonstrated a decrease in the number of carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules and their CHON- contributions during the aging process (from 37.7 % in fresh samples to 21.2 % in aged samples). CHN+ compounds, a major NOCs group in ESI+ mode, also decreased with aging. Correlation analyses involving the Bep/(Bep+Bap) ratio, relative humidity, and mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm revealed a decline in light absorption capacity with aging, suggesting aqueous-phase oxidation as a dominant aging mechanism. CHON- and CHN+ compounds were identified as the principal light-absorbing constituents in PM1. This work provides new insights into the aging-induced transformations of NOCs in urban PM1, and their changing role in light absorption, highlighting the need for further investigation of the aging mechanisms of NOCs.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2026

Plasma proteomics: considerations for preanalytical variability; a systematic review with narrative synthesis.

BACKGROUND: The plasma proteome (PP) is a dynamic system subject to pathology-associated changes and a focus for novel disease biomarker discovery. Disease-related PP research assumes protein concentrations in test specimens accurately reflect the in vivo milieu. However, measures to maintain the physicochemical integrity of the proteome before assay are often rudimentary, poorly described, or lacking standardisation in published studies. Contrastingly, in laboratory medicine, there is an expectation that errors in the so-called "preanalytical phase" (PAP) that impact patient results are understood, monitored, and mitigated against, while also being well described in research publications. There is therefore scope for good practice from laboratory medicine to inform PP research workflows. This review considers factors in the PAP which may impact the validity of PP results. CONTENT: A systematic review was conducted per PRISMA guidelines, limited to English-language peer-reviewed studies (2014-2024). Candidate studies were imported, screened, and managed using Covidence systematic review software. SUMMARY: 15 eligible studies were reviewed, covering many relevant processes. 11 studies reported statistically significant differences in PP due to factors in the PAP. Temperature and time-to-processing were the most commonly reported factors affecting the PP, with significant effects reported in 8 studies. OUTLOOK: PAP variability can significantly affect results in PP studies. Careful consideration of the effect of each stage of the PAP is needed when working with the PP. In multicenter studies, pre-defined and research question-specific sample processing workflows are essential for reducing PAP variability, which helps ensure the validity of PP studies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-term heat exposure reshapes muscle molecular regulation and enhances thermal tolerance in Clarias fuscus.

Rapid fluctuations in water temperature driven by global warming have become a major abiotic stressor affecting muscle function in teleost fish. This study examined the effects of long-term thermal conditions on heat tolerance in Clarias fuscus. Fish were maintained for 90 days at either a normal temperature group (NT, 26 °C) or a high-temperature group (HT, 34 °C). Subsequently, muscle histology, and transcriptomic profiles were observed following acute high-temperature exposure (34 °C) and after temperature recovery (26 °C). Histological analysis showed that fish from the NT under acute high-temperature stress exhibited severe muscle damage (atrophy, myofilament disruption, and myolysis), whereas fish from the HT displayed markedly reduced lesions. RNA-seq profiling revealed 5769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NT and 3292 DEGs in the HT following acute temperature challenges. Functional enrichment indicated that, in the HT, modulation of key cell cycle regulators (e.g., ccna, ccnb, cdk1, cdk2) contributed to alleviating muscle damage caused by temperature fluctuations. In the NT, genes associated with ribosome biogenesis (e.g., nop56, riok2, riok1) were up-regulated and then down-regulated during temperature fluctuation, whereas p53 in the cell cycle pathway showed the opposite expression pattern. These findings demonstrate long-term heat exposure reshapes molecular expression and regulatory mechanisms in the muscle of C. fuscus, thereby enhancing thermal tolerance and adaptability, and providing a theoretical basis for breeding heat-resistant, high-quality aquaculture strains.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Influence of microplastics on microalgal performance during wastewater polishing.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that are increasingly accumulating in aquatic ecosystems due to excessive anthropogenic activity and insufficient mitigation strategies, posing serious environmental and public health risks. Their impact on wastewater (WW) treatment processes remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of five MPs commonly found in WW - polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene - on the physiology and bioremediation performance of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris in synthetic WW (SWW). Metabolic responses were assessed via esterase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), while nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and glucose removal were monitored to evaluate bioremediation efficiency. MPs inhibited esterase activity and elevated ROS levels, indicating oxidative stress. Nevertheless, C. vulgaris maintained a high bioremediation capacity (> 75 % N, > 60 % P, and > 70 % for glucose). Environmental conditions modulated microalga response to MPs exposure. Under N-limited conditions, C. vulgaris exhibited enhanced nutrient uptake and biomass production, but a 12 h/12 h light/dark photoperiod reduced N removal but stimulated glucose consumption via heterotrophic metabolism. In contrast, C-limited conditions exacerbated oxidative stress and compromised nutrient removal, resulting in residual concentrations exceeding legal limits. These findings highlight that environmental factors can either mitigate or exacerbate the physiological stress induced by MPs, ultimately affecting WW polishing. This work provides a comprehensive insight into the cellular and metabolic effects of MPs on microalgae and supports C. vulgaris as a resilient and sustainable approach for nutrient and carbon removal in MP-contaminated WW systems.

Microalgae↗

PubMed2026

Siglec-7 orchestrates mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming to restrain human NK cell cytotoxic function.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that directly eliminate tumor and virus-infected cells by integrating signals from activating and inhibitory receptors, and their effector functions are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism. Given that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 reprograms T cell metabolism to shape functional fate, the bioenergetic consequences of inhibitory receptor engagement on human NK cells remain largely unexplored, particularly for sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-7), a glyco-immune checkpoint receptor. Here, we investigated metabolic programs and effector functions associated with Siglec-7 expression and antibody-mediated Siglec-7 ligation in primary NK cells and NK-92MI cells. Siglec-7POS NK cells exhibited selectively impaired CD107a degranulation under glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, whereas Siglec-7NEG cells remained relatively resistant, indicating distinct energetic wiring between these subsets. Engagement of Siglec-7 by an agonistic antibody induced mitochondrial fission with altered Drp1 phosphorylation, transient mitochondrial depolarization, and broadly suppressed mitochondrial respiration, while concurrently enhancing glycolytic capacity, consistent with a dual metabolic shift upon Siglec-7 ligation. In contrast, sustained Siglec-7 expression in NK-92MI-S cells was associated with globally enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, indicating that sustained Siglec-7 expression and short-term treatment with an agonistic anti-Siglec-7 antibody were associated with distinct metabolic profiles in NK cells. Furthermore, Siglec-7POS NK cells showed increased accumulation of autophagic vacuole, reduced proliferation, and heightened apoptotic susceptibility compared with Siglec-7NEG counterparts. Collectively, these findings support an association between Siglec-7 status, mitochondrial homeostasis, and metabolic fitness in NK cells, with Siglec-7NEG cells retaining a metabolically robust, cytotoxic phenotype.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

A systematic review of qualitative research on HIV and food insecurity in high-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: Food insecurity leads to adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV, including obesity, poor mental health and viral non-suppression. Qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries have described the impact of food insecurity on medication adherence. However, limited qualitative research exists on the lived experiences of food insecurity among people living with HIV in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on food insecurity among people living with HIV in HICs. DESIGN: Systematic review and textual narrative synthesis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO, extracting data from included articles on a standardized form in Covidence. We synthesized literature using a textual narrative approach. We conducted quality appraisal (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist) and graded certainty of findings (GRADE-CERQual). RESULTS: We reviewed 2772 articles, reduced to 940 after deduplication, with 12 articles included after full text screening. Included articles reported on studies conducted in the United States ( n  = 7), and Canada ( n  = 5). We identified three key themes, each with their own sub-themes: the role of structural inequalities in shaping and navigating food insecurity; the impacts of food insecurity on health and wellbeing; and the labour of acquiring of food. CONCLUSIONS: Our review highlights the syndemic nature of food insecurity and HIV; intersecting experiences of multiple structural hardships constellate and interact synergistically to amplify poor health outcomes. Interventions should address the multiple and reinforcing social and structural conditions that shape food insecurity among people living with HIV.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Neuromuscular blocking agents for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Emergency tracheal intubation in critically ill adults is associated with a high risk of peri-intubation adverse events, making first-attempt success a key safety target. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) improves the proportion of first-attempt success and reduces adverse events during emergent intubations outside the operating room. METHODS: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials or nonrandomized studies comparing sedative-hypnotic plus NMBA versus sedative-hypnotic alone in critically ill adults undergoing emergency endotracheal intubation in nonoperative settings. Animal, cadaveric, manikin/simulation, and pediatric studies were excluded. Articles were screened on 21 August 2025, in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Web of Science Core Collection. MAIN RESULTS: Of 4736 screened citations, 13 studies (8 cohort; 5 before-after studies) were included in the quantitative analysis, with 14 072 participants. NMBA use was associated with higher first-attempt success, which ranged from 69 to 92% (pooled odds ratio, 2.72; 95% onfidence interval: 1.42-5.21; low-certainty evidence). Secondary outcomes related to adverse events were rated as very low certainty due to sparse data, inconsistent reporting, and serious imprecision. CONCLUSION: NMBA use during emergency intubation was associated with improved first-attempt success, although the certainty of evidence was low.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Muscular fiber properties and multi-omics investigation of larval and adult locomotor muscle in Microhyla fissipes.

During metamorphosis, Microhyla fissipes undergoes a critical transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle, accompanied by significant remodeling of skeletal muscle. Notably, larval tail muscle degenerates, while adult hindlimb muscle develops. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate these muscle type-specific adaptations to the changing environment remain unclear. In this study, histological observation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics were integrated to compare locomotor muscles from two stages: larval muscle from tail versus adult muscle from hindlimb. Our results revealed that adult muscle fibers exhibited reduced diameter and shorter sarcomere length compared to those of tadpoles. Transcriptomic analysis identified 4103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2182 up-regulated and 1921 down-regulated genes. Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis pathways, including PPAR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation, whereas down-regulated genes were associated with carbohydrate metabolism and cell proliferation pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and PI3K-Akt signaling. Metabolic profiling indicated a metabolic shift from anaerobic to aerobic energy production, with 57 differential metabolites identified, mainly involved in protein metabolism and insulin-related pathways. Integrated multi-omics analysis further highlighted the AMPK and FoxO signaling pathways play key roles in this process. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the metabolic and structural differences between larval and adult skeletal muscles are mediated by AMPK- and FoxO-dependent signaling pathways, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive development and locomotor transition in anuran amphibians.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

From bioactive compounds to volatile profiles: a multidimensional characterization of Indonesian stingless bee honeys.

BACKGROUND: Stingless bee honeys are drawing increasing attention as ingredients for functional foods and health-oriented products because of their distinctive sensory characteristics and bioactive potential. In this study, honeys collected from nine stingless bee species reared in West Sumatra, Indonesia, were comprehensively characterized using physicochemical indices, antioxidant assays [DPPH (i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power], microbiological screening, volatile profiling [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)] and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) fingerprinting. RESULTS: Marked between-sample variability was observed across key quality attributes, including pH (2.80-3.68), Brix (49.83-61.25), viscosity (23.36-175.22 cP) and color parameters. FTIR spectra were consistent with carbohydrate-rich matrices and exhibited carbonyl-related bands. GC-MS profiling identified linalool oxide isomers and junenol among the predominant volatiles. To the best of our knowledge, junenol has not previously been reported in stingless bee honey and may represent a potential regional chemical marker for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. Lactic acid bacteria were detected in selected samples, whereas yeast and mold were not detected. Antioxidant activities were comparatively low, which may reflect local environmental and ecosystem-related factors. CONCLUSION: The results provide a multi-parameter baseline for stingless bee honeys produced within a shared ecosystem in West Sumatra and demonstrate the value of integrating conventional chemical indices with FTIR and volatile fingerprints for quality assessment. This combined approach may also support future authentication and origin-tracing frameworks for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Advances in cereal protein applications for infant and Young child nutrition.

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of plant-derived proteins in infant and young child nutrition necessitates tailored amino acid profiles, high digestibility and strict safety controls. Cereal proteins, such as rice, oat, maize, millet, barley, and wheat, are widely used in complementary foods but face intrinsic limitations, notably lysine and tryptophan deficits, antinutritional factors that reduce bioavailability, gluten immunogenicity in wheat/barley, and inorganic arsenic risks in rice. SCOPE AND APPROACH: This review synthesizes recent advances in processing and formulation strategies, including enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, germination, extrusion, cereal-legume complementation, and micronutrient fortification. Their impacts on digestibility, techno-functionality, iron and zinc bioavailability, and protein quality, including Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) are critically reviewed using data from in vitro assays, product development, and clinical trials. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Processing and blending approaches can substantially improve protein digestibility, amino acid balance and micronutrient availability, and hydrolyzed rice protein holds clinical promise for cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). However, most evidence is preclinical, reporting of protein quality is inconsistent, and industrial translation is constrained by sensory, shelf-life, contaminant and cost issues. We recommend standardized DIAAS-based reporting, large-scale feeding trials, sensory /stability optimization, and targeted exploration of underutilized grains (e.g., oat, millet) with active allergen monitoring. Prioritizing amino acid-focused formulation coupled with strategies to enhance micronutrient bioavailability will accelerate safe adoption of cereal proteins in early-life nutrition.

Humans↗