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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Quantitative measurements of the decentration distance of four kinds of intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To investigate a quantitative method to measure decentration distance(DD) and analyze the DD of four kinds of intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: The pseudophakic eye photos were taken under the slit lamp after the IOLs were implanted a year or longer. Then the images were inputted into a computer and the Photoshop software was applied to analyze the DD. Four kinds of IOLs were analyzed, including AcrySof MA60BM (11 eyes), Allergan SA40N (11 eyes), AcrySof SA60AT/SA30AL (5 eyes), Corneal Quattro (4 eyes). RESULTS: The mean value of DD was (0.2643 +/- 0.1574) mm in the AcrySof MA60BM group, (0.3536 +/- 0.1719) mm in the Array SA40N group, (0.3099 +/- 0.1529) mm in the SA60AT/SA30AL group, and (0.3261 +/- 0.1877) mm in the Quattro group. The difference of the DD values among these 4 kinds of IOLs had no statistic significance (F = 0.506, P = 0.681) and the values were not equal to zero (t = 10.508, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Photoshop method is a simple and efficient way for DD analysis. The modern foldable posterior-chamber-IOLs have good centration performances when implanted into the capsular bags.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMed1992

Decentralized operating room pharmacy services in a military teaching hospital.

The development, initiation, and evaluation of a decentralized pharmacy satellite within the operating room, requiring neither additional capital funding nor any major construction, is described. The satellite offers numerous programs to aid the operating room staff. Included in this effort is the complete management of all controlled substances within the operating room, post-anesthesia-care unit, and same-day-surgery unit. Pharmacists function as pharmaceutical resources playing a major role in the pain service unit. Success of the satellite is assessed via a number of parameters including staff survey response, quality assurance impact, and inventory management.

California↗
PubMed2006

Purchasing a decentralized medication management system.

Decentralized medication management systems (DMMSs) are used in hospitals, long-term care facilities, prisons, outpatient clinics, surgery centers, and other places to manage the distribution of drugs. DMMSs consist of storage compartments for medications, with an internal computer that controls and records the administration of drugs. Some DMMSs are stationary cabinets and others are mobile carts. There have been important advances in DMMS technology since we evaluated these products in 1996, including enhanced computer memory and processing power, wider adoption of wireless networking, better user interfaces, and greater integration with other hospital information systems. To get the most out of a DMMS purchase or upgrade, facilities will need careful planning that involves assessing their own needs, selecting hardware and software configurations that meet those needs, and then choosing the right vendor and model. A properly selected DMMS can help to enforce medication distribution policies, prevent errors, and streamline processes.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effects of diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, and nicardipine on sympathetic tachycardia in decentralized hearts of anesthetized dogs.

Intravenous diltiazem (10-300 micrograms/kg), verapamil (10-300 micrograms/kg), nifedipine (1-100 micrograms/kg) and nicardipine (1-100 micrograms/kg) inhibited the tachycardia caused by cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS, 0.5-4 Hz) in decentralized hearts of anesthetized dogs. The dose range of each drug required to inhibit the SNS-induced tachycardia was almost equivalent to that required to produce the increase in coronary blood flow and the decrease in blood pressure. Nifedipine and nicardipine were equi-active and about 10 times more potent than diltiazem and verapamil in inhibiting the SNS-induced tachycardia. They produced a slight but dose-dependent slowing of the resting heart rate. The negative chronotropic potency was approximately nicardipine, verapamil greater than nifedipine, diltiazem. Bay K 8644 (30 micrograms/kg) antagonized the inhibitory effects of diltiazem (100 micrograms/kg) and nifedipine (30 micrograms/kg) on the SNS-induced tachycardia. Tachycardia induced by intracoronary norepinephrine (0.03-0.3 micrograms) was suppressed by diltiazem (30-300 micrograms/kg) and nifedipine (10-100 micrograms/kg). The inhibitory effects of calcium entry blocking drugs on the sympathetic tachycardia appear to be explained by the interference of the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in slow inward current in the sinoatrial (SA) node. It is also suggested that other mechanisms different from calcium entry blocking action contribute to the negative chronotropic response to these calcium entry blocking drugs.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model combining centralized and decentralized staff development.

Traditionally, most nursing staff development departments are either decentralized or centralized. This article presents the advantages and disadvantages of each of these organizational systems and describes a model used at the National Institutes of Health that combines elements of both. Strategies to control for the disadvantages are outlined. This organizational structure may enable staff development educators to better meet the educational needs of nurses in today's health care settings.

Hospitals, Teaching↗
PubMed1991

Synaptic transmission in decentralized axons of rock lobster.

Axons of the lobster deep abdominal extensor muscles were cut, and the resulting effects on their synaptic properties were observed. Decentralized axons continued to conduct action potentials and to release transmitter for at least a year after the cut. In controls, the single quanta were brief, and their decay phase could be fit by a single exponent, with a time constant of about 2 msec. Quanta of "cut axons" were slower, and their decay phase could not be fit by a single exponent. At midamplitude, the duration of the cut-axon quanta varied between 1.6 and 5.8 msec, as opposed to 0.6-2.8 msec in controls. Synaptic delay histograms were taken as a measure of time course of evoked release. In controls, evoked release lasted less than 10 msec at 14 degrees C. In cut axons, release lasted up to 10 times longer. The duration of release was not affected by tetrodotoxin, membrane depolarization, or hyperpolarization. It appears that the basic mechanism that controls the time course of evoked release is altered in degenerating terminals.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

[Streptococcus group B in a maternity home with a decentralized system of newborn infant care (of the mother-child type)].

In a maternity hospital with the decentralized system of infant care the presence of the group B streptococcal colonization of puerperants (13.0 +/- 4.5%), newborn infants (25.0 +/- 4.4%) and medical staff (16.9 +/- 3.2%) was established. The strains isolated in this hospital belonged to 13 different serotypes and antigenic combinations with type 1 a/c dominating among them (28.7 +/- 4.8%). Group B streptococci were found to be transmitted by the vertical way in one out of two colonized mother-child pairs, in all other cases the nosocomial spread of streptococci occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of temperature and emotional factors on the catecholamine content in intestinal and splenic adrenergic plexuses of celiac plexus-decentralized rats].

Effects of temperature and emotive factors on the catecholamine content in intestinal and splenic adrenergic plexuses of celiac plexus-decentralized rats have been studied using histofluorescence and computer analysis. It is shown that the catecholamine content in the plexuses gets higher during hypothermia and remains unchanged during hyperthermia and emotional stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Documentation of cost savings from decentralized clinical pharmacy services at a community hospital.

A pilot program designed to justify the costs of clinical pharmacy services through the use of workload documentation cards is described. At this community hospital, defining a philosophy of care was the first step in developing and implementing decentralized services. A patient-specific care model was chosen, and principles of patient-oriented service were outlined. Daily workload documentation cards were designed for recording pharmacist activities; distribution functions were noted on one side, clinical activities on the other. Direct cost savings that could be attributed to the clinical pharmacists' drug therapy recommendations were quantified and recorded on a second form. Sixty-three beds in four hospital units were chosen as sites of the pilot effort. At the end of the six-month study, an analysis of the cost-savings forms documented that clinical pharmacist activities produced an average savings of $1.49 per patient day. The break-even point at which pharmacist salary expenses would equal direct cost savings was determined to be one clinical pharmacist per 80 patient beds. A request to expand clinical services at the hospital was granted. By documenting clinical and distributive activities on a simple form and quantifying the savings associated with clinical interventions, this pilot program demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic monitoring and decentralized planification: the use of sentinel sites in Guerrero].

With the current decentralization of health care in the Mexican state of Guerrero, there is need for detailed but inexpensive information for the planning of health services. A cyclical process of measurement is proposed using sentinel sites, characterized as places of concentration of measurement resources, which are not special intervention areas or health facilities. The sites in Guerrero were selected to be representative of the health conditions in the state. During the first two years, study cycles were carried out regarding acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeas in infants, the risk factors associated with these afflictions and the attention paid to them within the community. Later cycles focussed on the importance of scorpion stings and Chagas' disease, the impact of measles vaccination and the prevalence of tuberculosis. Three types of community-based data are considered in each cycle, to optimize their use in planning (impact, coverage and costs) which, in summary formats, facilitate rapid analysis and presentation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Impact of decentralized pharmacokinetics consultation service.

The effects of pharmacokinetics consultation by a pharmacist on the quality of drug therapy were studied in a 500-bed teaching hospital. Data were collected retrospectively for three time periods: three months before, four months during, and three months after a period of intervention by a pharmacist with special responsibilities for pharmacokinetic monitoring of patients on a medical team. For the four-month intervention period, data were also collected for a parallel group of patients managed by another medical team that included pharmacy residents and students. Patients were included in the study if they had received either an aminoglycoside or a theophylline preparation. The preintervention, postintervention, and parallel groups were random samples of patients on the study ward, and the intervention group included all patients admitted to the pharmacist intervener's medical team who had received a drug covered by the study. Of serum drug concentration determinations (SDCDs) in the pharmacist intervention phase, 54% were appropriate, compared with 16% before intervention, 21% in the postintervention phase, and 46% in the patients of the other medical team. In the pharmacist intervention group, greater numbers of SDCDs were obtained appropriately and used appropriately in making therapeutic decisions, as evidenced by more subsequent measurements in the therapeutic range. Pharmacist intervention did not affect the number of adverse drug reactions or medical specialty consultations or the average length of stay. Decentralized pharmacokinetics services can have a positive effect on the quality of serum drug concentration determinations, dosage adjustments, and drug therapy.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

Decentralization reduces nursing administration budget.

Faced with the need to decrease personnel costs, nursing administrators at Bayfront Medical Center analyzed the nursing department's organizational structure. The resulting change to a decentralized management structure, streamlining the management staff, is described. The radical, yet promising approach of eliminating evening and night shift nursing supervisors is discussed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Designing a datacommunications network to support decentral computer facilities within the Eurotransplant organization.

For Eurotransplant the main aspects in processing the data are time, quality and volumes. The present trends appear to hand us the right opportunity to reconsider the existing information system. New scientific developments, renewal of the software, a fast growth of quantities and an increasing demand for decentralization have created the pre-condition for a project, in which a main task is fulfilled by a data-communications system. Here a dynamic new field is entered in a decade of growing user-awareness and interest. Public Telecommunication Companies and manufacturers, although having just established the first agreements in numerous standardization committees, are now being pushed to speed up. Eurotransplant, however, needs a professional system now which takes care of network management, data security, availability and so on. Specifications for a network are investigated and a pilot study is undertaken to show that international data communication is possible.

Computers↗
PubMed1971

The midcontinental regional medical library: a decentralized service.

The Midcontinental Regional Medical Library area is described geographically as to medical population and as to library resources. Borrowing patterns in the region are analyzed. The first project of the Region was a Union List of Serials, whose history is given. Advantages and disadvantages of a decentralized system are discussed.

Books↗
PubMed1984

Traffic fatalities in a system with decentralized trauma care. A study with special reference to potentially salvageable casualties.

P6 evaluate a system with decentralized trauma care, a review was made of all 158 traffic fatalities in 1981 in the southern part of Sweden. The region has 15 well-equipped and well-staffed small- and medium-sized hospitals and two university hospitals with extensive resources. The patients are usually brought by ambulance to the closest receiving facility. Only three persons could possibly have been saved--one suffering from a lacerated femoral artery and two patients in whose cases missed diagnoses (eg, bowel rupture or cardiac tamponade) might have contributed to the fatal outcome. The present investigation reveals that high survival rates after traffic trauma can be achieved with a conventional Swedish trauma care system.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: II (section 1). Consequences of partial decentralization of the autonomic nervous system.

The article is section 1 of the second part of a 4-part series which provides a comprehensive, concise review of pertinent literature published in the last 25 years on the metabolic and endocrine consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). This article describes the consequences of total removal of the sympathetic and partial removal of the parasympathetic nervous system from brain integration. Subjects reviewed include bradycardia, altered coagulation, blood pressure instability, relation of hypotension to level of injury, blood and urine neurohormones, hemodynamic responses to stress and fluid infusions, neural components of glucose regulation, evaluation of catecholamines and their metabolites at different time periods, and evaluation of catecholamies, blood dopamine hydroxylase, and prostaglandins during hypotension and hypertension. Other studies reviewed include investigations of metabolic and circulatory responses to exogenous norepinephrine and physiologic and biochemical responses to intense cold and to sodium depletion. Data are organized under the following heads: a. Problems Studied, b. Methods of Investigation and Results, and c. Conclusions. Pertinent highlights from the original articles are organized in tables, to facilitate direct comparisons between similar studies and between data on healthy subjects and SCI patients. Additional studies dealing wth partial decentralization of the autonomic nervous system will be reviewed in section 2 of Part II of this series.

Autonomic Nervous System↗