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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Analysis of verbal presentation--a problem in psychotherapy process research].

The special language mode chosen by patients to relate episodes experienced by them is a pointer to the way they cope with their own experiences. Patterns of recognition and coping are evident to the therapist from the organisation of subject matter as modelled by the patient; this supplies significant pointers to the manner in which the patient has organized his emotions and the internal interrelations of these in his mind. Analysis of "language play direction" or "language drama staging" offers a chance to the researcher to follow up the process of stabilisation or productive change going on in the patient's mind, on the basis of the coping models offered by the patients, as it were via a "miniature drama" stage-set, directed and acted by the patient.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

"Living theatre, theatre of life".

Young people love to play theatre--in one way or another. They like to play with behaviours, costumes, words, communication patterns, etc.; they like to disguise themselves, to create certain spheres and scenes of drama and tragedy, excitement and extacy, satire and irony, morals and decadence. Due to the particular uncertainties of the adolescent passage, youth oscillates between taking life both, too seriously and easy. Searching for identity and integration, they tend to experiment with styles of behaviour and culturally defined patterns of lifestyles conductive to well-being. Sometimes, life is perceived as pure entertainment, and sometimes as pure drama. It's living theatre and theatre of life. On the one hand it is "acting out", on the other hand it is playing precisely defined roles. And, in-between, it is always the question: Who am I? They tend to slip into roles in order to check out whether they are willing to accept their implications with regard to the priorities they have set so far.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2005

[The records of the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig on the Woyzeck case, discovered again after 180 years].

Through Georg Büchner's drama the case of Johann Christian Woyzeck gained worldwide fame. For the first time ever this study presents the testimonial drawn up by the Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, which until now had been regarded as having been lost. Now, however, the first-named author rediscovered it in the files of the Leipzig University Archives. The testimonial proved to be a decisive importance, as it sealed Woyzeck's execution in 1824. Before presenting major passages from the testimonial this study give an overview of the chronology of the Woyzeck case and the other medico-psychiatric testimonials drawn up by Leipzig municipal physician Johann Christian August Clarus. It also reveals which professors of Leipzig Medical Faculty were involved in drawing up the final testimonial which confirmed Clarus's findings and rejected the objections raised by Woyzeck's counsel - remarkably without examining the offender himself first-hand, but merely relying on and evaluating the testimonials drawn up by Clarus.

Archives↗
PubMed1991

Medical needs of performing arts students.

A questionnaire was administered to 71 college students enrolled in dance, drama, and musical theater programs to assess health care problems, injuries, risk-taking behaviors, and sources of care. Many desired help with depression, fatigue, and chronic bone or joint pain, although 37% identified no regular physician. Thirty-nine students reported 87 injuries involving the back, foot, ankle, and knee; 12% sustained injuries at least monthly; and 72% of injuries occurred in class. The incidence of eating disorders appears to be low, as assessed by indirect measures such as body weight, oligomenorrhea, diet pill or laxative use, and scores on a body image index. The 30-day prevalence of tobacco use was 26%; marijuana, 11%; and alcohol, 71%. This survey suggests that performing arts students have important unmet health care needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The operating room as a theater--a relevant metaphor.

Any metaphor can be stretched to absurdity. Nonetheless, the operating room as a theater can be a relevant and useful analogy. In the OR theater, the play is always a drama, sometimes a tragedy, occasionally even a comedy of errors, but never, never is it a Broadway musical.

Drama↗
PubMed1997

Project 2000 student nurses' creative approach to peer education.

This research paper gives an account of an unique initiative using interactive drama with Project 2000 student nurses, to facilitate health promotion with pupils at secondary school level. Through an open-ended play lasting 12 minutes (entitled Debbie) and workshops, student nurses communicated sexual health promotion and how to make choices to a group of 14-18 year olds in a large comprehensive school. The initiative, which uses participant action research (Altricher 1993), was designed to assess whether student nurses could effectively communicate health promotion to pupils with whom they were comparable in age, and the educative effects on the students as a result of engaging in the initiative. It was clear from the findings that several student nurses were unprepared for the impact that the initiative would have on them. The play had immense power and they had empathy with the pupils. Perceived personal and professional benefits gained by the students (as reported by them) included a sense of belonging, more independence, more openness, less inhibition, increased knowledge, improved communication skills, confidence, assertiveness, self-esteem, and the ability to educate people. The author argues that a creative approach to teaching the theoretical underpinning of health promotion alongside practical dramatic skills of communication to empower, as well as promote change, can enable effective facilitation amongst young people.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

International education and reflection: transition of Swedish and American nursing students to authenticity.

Reflection, a process grounded in distancing from the self to enhance self-awareness, can be used as a pedagogic activity to promote students' transition to a greater authenticity and professionalism and, therefore, improve patient care and nursing practice. In this international educational project (implemented in 2001) using interactive videoconferencing technology (IVC), Swedish and U.S. nursing students and faculty incorporated reflective journaling, drama in education, photolanguage, and off-air meeting discussions to enhance personal and professional development. Highlights from the literature, a description of the project, and student and faculty appraisals are presented.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Representation of the internal world in catatonic schizophrenia.

Catatonia, which until 1874 was called atonic melancholia, has remained a relative mystery despite many advances in the understanding of schizophrenia. Its typical symptoms are certainly distinctive: a motionless stupor, bizarre posturing, waxen flexibility, religious delusions, stereotyped movements, negativism, loss of will, confusion, and recurrent frenzy (Kahlbaum 1874). The processes which motivate this particular derailment of self and body have been sought in various organic etiologies, with little success. Arieti (1974) proposes several reasons for the paucity of case studies of the treatment of catatonic schizophrenia. First, catatonic schizophrenia has been declining in occurrence. Second, the symptoms themselves, such as mutism and excitement, make verbal therapy extremely difficult. Finally, catatonics often have no memory of their psychotic experiences. Psychotherapists have therefore had to rely on highly personal intuitions of their patients' crisis-in-being. Despite therapists' attention to nonverbal behavior, mutism and stupor are particularly effective hindrances to communication in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is often not begun until the patient's symptoms ameliorate through chemotherapy and milieu support. The centrality of the verbal medium of communication in psychotherapy suggests that other approaches, using nonverbal media, may be indicated in the study of catatonia. This paper describes a treatment of a catatonic schizophrenic man which utilized movement and drama therapy. These methods were successful in evoking representations of the patient's inner life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

AAC and community partnerships: the participation path to community inclusion.

The Life Needs Model (LNM) of service delivery emphasizes the importance of community participation in children's development and quality of life. This article is a case illustration of two community partnership programs based on the LNM. StoryTime and Dress Up and Drama provide participation opportunities in the community for children who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The authors describe the development and implementation of both programs. Regardless of level of functioning, each child who participated in the programs did so by communicating, interacting socially, and controlling the environment. Multiple benefits for children, parents/caregivers, community partners, and AAC clinicians are highlighted. The authors hope that this article will assist others in developing partnerships and implementing inclusive practices within their communities.

Child↗
PubMed1995

The use of television series in health education.

This paper reviews evidence of the impact which television generally, and drama series in particular, can have on health beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. It describes how a television series, The Family House, was planned in Egypt to disseminate key health messages in an entertaining context. As only a very small number of television series were specifically developed to address health issues, and even fewer were evaluated, this paper presents important new data derived from focus group discussions and survey interviews which help in understanding the potential television series can have for health education. Finally, the paper presents data on the cost-effectiveness of The Family House series.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

End-of-life education using the dramatic arts: the Wit educational initiative.

Caring for dying persons requires skill in interpersonal aspects of care, which may be difficult to teach using conventional educational methods. The Pulitzer Prize-winning play Wit relates the personal story of a patient dying from metastatic ovarian cancer and describes the protagonist's experience with medical care from diagnosis to death. Members of the Department of Medicine at the VA Greater Los Angeles Health care System and the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA developed a program that utilized Wit to educate medical students, residents, and staff providers in the humanistic elements of end-of-life care. Between February 2000 and January 2002 the Wit Educational Initiative organized on-site readings of Wit by local professional theatre companies at medical centers throughout the United States and Canada, inviting medical students, housestaff, and other providers to attend the play followed by structured discussions of the play's themes. The Initiative provided extensive support for potential program sites including publicity, providing a handbook with a step-by-step guide to organizing local programs, and feedback of postperformance survey results. The Initiative was successful in organizing performances at 32 out of 54 (59%) medical centers where a local production of Wit was identified. Survey respondents confirmed the appeal, emotional impact, and perceived relevance of drama in end-of-life education. An educational program using theatre to educate trainees in the humanistic aspects of end-of-life care was enthusiastically received by medical schools and rated highly by attendees.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Healthy viewing: the reception of medical narratives.

This paper draws on two reception studies. One focuses on an American medical drama which respondents perceived as entertainment but also as a reliable source of information from which they collected medical and social data by using emotional and ludic strategies. The second compares parallel illness narratives in a soap opera and a documentary. Soap operas were described by informants as good pedagogic tools because they attracted large audiences and promoted identification and repetition which enhance learning. On the other hand, they criticised the documentary for being incomplete and artificial. The conclusion argues that viewers are media-literate, astute and insightful. They produce sophisticated, subtle interpretations which cannot be predicted by content analyses of programmes alone. More reception research is therefore needed, particularly since television is increasingly omnipresent and provides a considerable portion of the public's medical knowledge.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

Hypnosis from the standpoint of a contextualist.

We set out to formulate a theory that makes counterexpectational conduct expectational. Our contextualist position has led us to the dramaturgical perspective. This perspective guided our examination of the hypnotic performance, and we noted that both the hypnotist and the subject are actors, both enmeshed in a dramatic plot, both striving to enhance their credibility. The dramatistic concepts of actor and spectator helped us make sense of the contradictory self-reports in Hilgard's analgesia studies. We underscore the proposition (long overlooked) that the counterfactual statements in the hypnotist's induction are cues to the subject that a dramatistic plot is in the making. The subject may respond to the cues as an invitation to join in the miniature drama. If he accepts the invitation, he will employ whatever skills he possesses in order to enhance his credibility in enacting the role of hypnotized person. This proposition emphasizes the need for analyzing the implied social communications contained in any interaction.

Analgesia↗
PubMed2004

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation on Flemish television: challenges to the television effects hypothesis.

BACKGROUND: People who watch a lot of medical fiction overestimate the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It has been suggested that this is because CPR is usually shown to be successful on television. This study analysed a popular Flemish medical drama series. Previous research showed that heavy viewing of this series was related to overestimation of CPR success. METHOD: Content analysis of 70 episodes of "Spoed" in the period between 2001 and the first three months of 2003. Causes and treatment of cardiac arrest and outcome of CPR were recorded in the same way as previous studies. RESULTS: CPR was performed 31 times in the 70 episodes. Only 19% of the patients survived the resuscitation attempt. Most patients were middle aged or older. Causes of arrest were different from those in British or American television series. CONCLUSIONS: The low survival rate challenges the idea that heavy viewers adopt the overestimation shown by television. Psychological research shows that people ignore base rate information in the shape of statistics, in favour of vivid, dramatic examples. Showing some impressive examples of success might therefore be more important than the overall success rate. It is suggested that the message of television fiction is that doctors are not powerless and that treatment does not stop once the heart stops beating. This helps to create what has been called an "illusion of efficacy".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Whose life is it anyway? A study in respect for autonomy.

Brian Clark's drama, Whose Life Is It Anyway?, explores the difficulties of applying the principle of respect for autonomy to real-life circumstances. In the play a permanently disabled patient, who wishes to be allowed to die, raises moral questions about the adequacy of the autonomous agent, respect for the autonomy of others, the authority of the law, the allocation of society's resources, and the intrinsic value of human life. After a brief review of the story and definition of respect for autonomy, this paper cites passages from the play that dramatize the tension between respect for autonomy and these other moral concerns. There follows a review of relevant commentary from the classicists Kant and Mill and the modernists Childress and Gillon. The study concludes that although classical and contemporary philosophers have clarified and elaborated upon the relationship between ethical principles, they have not provided definitive guidelines.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1998

Survey of injuries among West End performers.

OBJECTIVES: To obtain more information about injuries of West End performers. METHODS: A retrospective survey of 269 performers appearing in 20 West End productions (12 dramas and eight musicals). RESULTS: In current productions, 46% of all performers sustained at least one injury for an average of 0.87 injuries per performer. Lower extremity injuries were the most common for dancers (52.2% of injuries) and actors (43.2%) with neck and back injuries the second most common. Sprains and strains were the most common diagnoses. 61% of performers thought that their injuries were preventable. Most performers consulted nonphysician healthcare providers. Factors significantly influencing the risk of injuries for performers include female sex, a history of previous injuries, missed performances due to previous injuries, more physically demanding roles, and performing on raked (angled) stages. CONCLUSION: West End performers commonly sustain injuries. Although primary prevention of most theatrical injuries is not possible, modification of raked stages may reduce the incidence. This study may be helpful to the growing number of healthcare providers who practice performing arts medicine and may stimulate additional concern and research in the medical and theatrical communities about the performance injuries of professionals, amateurs, and theatrical students worldwide.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Research-based theatre: The making of I'm Still Here!

This column describes the process undertaken by a team of researchers, artists, and actors to create a research-based drama about living with dementia. Researchers had several studies, guided by the human becoming theory, about what life was like when living with dementia, and an additional study in progress about the lived experience of loss for daughters whose mothers were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers partnered with an experienced artistic director and playwright in order to craft a script and performance that could help others understand and see life with dementia in a new light. The crafting of the script was also informed by the experiences and insights of actors, healthcare professionals, and persons living with dementia. The play premiered before a group of 100 persons and families living with dementia and has since been performed approximately 40 times to hundreds of professionals and families. The evaluation of the play, at six of the performances, is presented in this column.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Technology as the representative anecdote in popular discourses of health and medicine.

Using a Burkean framework (1969), this article approaches medical dramas as cultural texts to be read for dominant meanings of health and health care. Burke's representative anecdote illuminates the melding of science, technology, and healing in popular discourses of health, establishing technological intervention as the norm and marginalizing nontechnological (i.e., alternative) forms of health care. Popular entertainment reinforces this anecdote in narratives of healing as technological competence triumphing over nature.

Anecdotes as Topic↗