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Results for “DENTAL MODELS”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Establishment of dental pulp hyperemia in an animal experiment model].

To establish an animal model of dental pulp hyperemia, 96 molars in 12 Wistar rats were studied. In each rat, the four right molars, including the right upper and lower first and second molars, were assigned as the experimental group. The four left corresponding molars in each rat were included in the control group. The animals were anesthetized and a 3% silver nitrate solution was applied to the exposed dentin at the cusp tip of the molars for one minute. After 2, 5, and 24 hours, four animals in each subgroup were sacrificed. The upper and lower jaws in conjunction with the dentition were removed and fixed in a 10% neutral formalin solution for 24 hours. The first and second molars and the surrounding alveolar bone in en bloc were trimmed off, fixed for another 24 hours, and processed according to routine histological procedures. The histopathologic changes in the dental pulp were examined by light microscopy. For convenience of interpretation, the intensity of the pulp tissue reaction was graded as follows: grade O: normal pulp tissue; grade I: vessel dilatation and congestion, as well as stromal edema; grade II: focal pulp hemorhage and plasma extravasation; grade III: pulp tissue destruction including pyknotic change in the odontoblastic nuclei; and grade IV: abscess formation in the pulp tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A mathematical model of the development of dental caries].

A mathematical model is suggested, simulating the development of carious process in a tooth, based on an analytical approach. The process of hydrogen ions diffusion into enamel microspaces is described via transport equation. A simplified model explaining the formation of the involvement of the body of the tooth under the enamel surface at the initial stages of caries development is described in detail. Analysis has shown that the theoretical model is in good correlation with experimental data on the rate of chemical reaction of Ca radionuclide accumulation in the enamel surface and deeper layers.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2001

Dental erosion: in vitro model of wine assessor's erosion.

BACKGROUND: Wine makers and assessors frequently experience severe dental erosion. The objectives of this study were to develop an in vitro model of dental erosion caused by frequent wine contact with teeth, and to use this model to assess the effectiveness of a variety of methods which might protect against this form of erosion. METHODS: An initial pilot study found that riesling style wine was more erosive than champagne style, and both more than claret. Wine tasting was simulated by subjecting exposed windows of enamel and root surfaces on 50 intact, extracted human teeth to 1400 one minute exposures to white wine (ph 3.2). A variety of dental materials were applied to the exposed windows on groups of teeth prior to erosive challenge, to assess their protective ability. RESULTS: Protective resin coatings and fluoride varnishes protected both enamel and roots against wine induced erosion. A high degree of protection was provided by apf gel, with less by naf gel. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that dentists may be able to help minimise erosion resulting from frequent wine-tasting in their patients by the clinical application of one or a combination of these agents at times prior to prolonged assessment periods.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1992

[A dental anthropological study of Chinese in Taiwan (3). Dental trait].

Models of the upper and lower dental arches of 125 Chinese children in Taiwan with acceptable normal permanent dentition were surveyed in order to understand the developmental grades of dental traits from the viewpoint of dental anthropology. Developmental grades of dental traits were classified, calculated, statistically analysed by x2 test and results were summarized. Upper anterior teeth showed high frequency of shovel form; upper lateral incisors showed less tendency of regression. Interstitial cusp, lingual cusp, paracusp, central prominence and occlusal groove of lower premolars developed prominently. Upper molars showed low frequency of Carabelli cusps. Hypocone of upper second molars showed strong tendency of regression, but metacone had low regression tendency and a strong degree of compression. Compared to Japanese, Central American and South American Indians and Caucasians, the development of dental traits of Chinese in Taiwan was more similar to that of Japanese than to others. The characteristics of dental trait of Chinese in Taiwan and Japanese also showed greater similarity to Central and South American Indians than to Caucasians.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1997

Artificial dental plaque biofilm model systems.

Difficulties with in vivo studies of natural plaque and its complex, heterogeneous structure have led to development of laboratory biofilm plaque model systems. Technologies for their culture are outlined, and the rationale, strengths, and relative uses of two complementary approaches to microbial models with a focus on plaque biodiversity are analyzed. Construction of synthetic consortia biofilms of major plaque species has established a variety of bacterial interactions important in plaque development. In particular, the 'Marsh' nine-species biofilm consortia systems are powerful quasi steady-state models which can be closely specified, modified, and analyzed. In the second approach, microcosm plaque biofilms are evolved in vitro from the natural oral microflora to the laboratory model most closely related to plaque in vivo. Functionally reproducible microcosm plaques are attainable with a biodiverse microbiota, heterogeneous structure, and pH behavior consistent with those of natural plaque. The resting pH can be controlled by urea supply. Their growth patterns, pH gradient formation, control of urease levels by environmental effectors, and plaque mineralization have been investigated. Microcosm biofilms may be the only useful in vitro systems where the identity of the microbes and processes involved is uncertain. Together, these two approaches begin to capture the complexity of plaque biofilm development, ecology, behavior, and pathology. They facilitate hypothesis testing across almost the whole range of plaque biology and the investigation of antiplaque procedures yielding accurate predictions of plaque behavior in vivo.

Bacteriological Techniques↗