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PubMed2002

Asbestos bodies in the sputum of asbestos workers: correlation with occupational exposure.

A cross-sectional medical survey including collection of three consecutive sputum samples was carried out among 270 retired workers of a textile and friction materials factory, in order to investigate the relationship between asbestos body identification and asbestos exposure. The individual cumulative asbestos exposure, determined by means of a plant-specific job-exposure matrix based on asbestos air measurements in the workshops, proved to be heavy with a mean cumulative exposure of 217 fibres x mL(-1) x yr. Macrophages and asbestos bodies were identified in sputum samples by light microscopy. The lung origin of the sputum, suggested by the presence of macrophages and/or asbestos bodies, was confirmed in 82.6% of subjects, and 53% of these samples were positive for asbestos bodies. The prevalence of asbestos bodies was not related to sex, smoking status or latency. Conversely, multivariate analysis showed a positive relationship with cumulative exposure, duration and intensity of exposure to asbestos, as well as age and time since retirement. These findings suggest that sputum analysis for asbestos bodies may remain a relevant and noninvasive marker of heavy occupational exposure to asbestos, even years after retirement. Owing to the new perspectives in lung cancer screening, it might contribute to the identification of high-risk subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Cupaniol, a New branched polyprenol, from Cupania latifolia.

A new branched polyprenol, designated cupaniol, has been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Cupania latifolia (Sapindaceae). The structure was determined to be (2E,6E,12E,16E)-3,7,13,17,21-pentamethyl-10-(1-methylethenyl)-2,6,12,16,20-docosapentaen-1-ol on the basis of spectral analysis and conversion to a known compound.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2026

Detection of bacterial gene expression elements on Tobacco mosaic virus RNA using cDNA analysis.

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that infects plants. Interestingly, the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the TMV RNA genome is recognized and translated by the ribosomes of Escherichia coli in a Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence-independent manner. This study aimed at investigation of the bacterial recognition modules that control gene expression within the TMV RNA genome. To this end, the 5'-end-complete cDNA of the TMV RNA and several 5'-end-truncated cDNA mutants, in which the movement protein-encoding gene and its downstream region were replaced with a DNA sequence encoding a green fluorescent protein, i.e., monomeric Umikinoko-Green (mUkG1), were constructed. Surprisingly, mUkG1 fluorescence was observed in E. coli transformants harboring the cloned cDNAs, although they were inserted into a vector lacking a promoter. Analysis of the 5'-end-truncated cDNA mutants and promoter prediction suggested that an E. coli-specific promoter might be located 2.1 kb upstream of the initiation codon for mUkG1. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis and conversion of the initiation codon ATG to AGT indicated that the translation of mUkG1 started from the correct initiation codon. These results imply that E. coli ribosomes correctly recognize the initiation codon on the mRNA, irrespective of the overly long 5'-UTR. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to reveal a recognizable bacterial module hidden within the TMV RNA genome through cDNA construction.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus↗
PubMed2007

Will esophageal impedance replace pH monitoring?

Esophageal impedance, a technique based on the fact that the passage of a bolus changes the impedance between esophageal segments, is being used more and more. Multiple esophageal impedance combined with pH monitoring is advocated to become the preferred technique to measure acid and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux. Compared with pH monitoring, impedance has the advantage of being independent of pH and, as a consequence, is better adapted to measure reflux (especially in the postprandial period when reflux is buffered) and detect symptoms associated with nonacid- or weakly acid-reflux episodes. Conversely, the analysis of an impedance tracing requires more time and knowledge than a pH tracing and is possibly subjected to higher interobserver variability. Day-to-day reproducibility and interobserver variability are considerable. Episodes detected only by pH monitoring or impedance are numerous in pediatrics; therefore, pH monitoring and impedance should be associated in analyses of multiple esophageal impedance combined with pH monitoring. Up to now, there has been a striking absence of literature showing attempts to link data from diagnostic procedures to clinical outcome in symptomatic patients. Furthermore, data suggesting that impedance does offer a clear-cut benefit in pediatric clinical routine are missing. High cost of the material and the investment in time necessary for interpretation of the recording remain a handicap. However, because pH monitoring is part of impedance technology, it is likely that the latter will soon replace pH monitoring despite the current need of scientific evidence demonstrating a relation between symptoms, esophageal damage or response to reflux treatment, and results of multiple esophageal impedance combined with pH monitoring.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a unique mucin-like glycoprotein secreted by a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa).

A human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) has been shown to incorporate [3H]glucosamine and to secrete a radiolabeled high molecular weight compound which is excluded from a Sepharose CL-2B column. The excluded material was resistant to hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, and heparinase. These findings rule out the possibility of this material being a proteoglycan. The susceptibility of this material to digestion with pronase, neuraminidase, and alkaline borohydride treatment strongly suggests that the excluded material is an O-glycosidic glycoprotein. The glycoprotein secreted by Ishikawa cells (ICGP) did not react immunologically with antibodies against either lactoferrin or fibronectin, but did react with an antibody made against tracheal mucin. Conversely, immunoblot analysis revealed that an antibody made against ICGP did not recognize hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, heparin, nasal turbinate mucin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, lactoferrin, or fibronectin, but did recognize tracheal mucin. Analysis of ICGP amino acid and carbohydrate composition showed that it is rich in serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. In this respect, ICGP differs from other mucins, even though it is immunologically similar to respiratory mucin; hence we may consider ICGP to be a mucin-like glycoprotein. Secretion of ICGP can be modulated by Ca(2+)-ionophore and other mucus secretagogues, such as platelet activating factor, carbachol, and monocyte/macrophage mucus secretagogue, all mediators of lung inflammation. Ishikawa cells and anti-ICGP antibody may be used in studies on in vitro regulation of mucin-like glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in the respiratory tract as well as in the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Calcium--a neglected key factor in arteriosclerosis. The pathogenic role of arterial calcium overload and its prevention by calcium antagonists.

Using specific calcium antagonists as experimental tools, both the physiological messenger and current carrying function of calcium ions as well as their pathogenetic potencies could be elucidated. Notably, excess intracellular calcium signalling and intra- and extracellular calcium overload turned out to be pathogenetic principles of general importance. In this context, progressive calcium overload of arteriosclerotic vascular walls and the antiarteriosclerotic effects of calcium antagonists, deserve particular interest. In fact, with the help of calcium antagonists, arterial calcium overload as decisive component of various types of experimental arteriosclerosis became accessible to a direct therapeutic intervention. According to their responsiveness to calcium antagonists, two pathophysiologically different types of experimental coronary plaques could be characterized: (1) The calcium type, i.e. coronary calcinosis of vitamin D3-intoxicated rats highly sensitive to calcium antagonist treatment, (2) the cholesterol type, represented by coronary atheromata of cholesterol-intoxicated rabbits; this primary coronary cholesterol accumulation could not be inhibited by calcium antagonists. The formation of conventional human coronary artery plaques is characterized from the very early lesion onwards by a progressive local uptake of calcium, finally leading to lethal consequences. Conversely, the analysis of the mural cholesterol does not allow to discriminate arteriosclerotic from normal coronary artery segments. Thereby, conventional human coronary plaques typically represent a calcium-dominated type of human arteriosclerosis and differ widely from plaques produced in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The results indicate the decisive pathophysiological role of calcium and calcium overload in both calcium-dominated types of experimental arteriosclerosis and conventional human coronary artery plaques. Moreover, the antiarteriosclerotic effects of calcium antagonists are demonstrated to be based--in various types of experimental arteriosclerosis--on the inhibition of intra- and extracellular calcium overload of arterial walls evoked by various risk factors (vitamin D3 intoxication, hypertension, nicotine, diabetes).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of reducing dietary cation-anion balance on calcium kinetics in sheep.

A Ca kinetic study with a four-compartment model being fitted to radioisotope and balance data using the CONSAM (conversational, simulation, analysis, and modeling) computer program was conducted to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion balance, calculated as milliequivalents [(Na + K] - (Cl + S)]. Twelve crossbred wethers were used as eucalcemic control (period 1); then Ca loss during lactation was simulated by continuous infusion of ethylene glycol tetraacetate (period 2). Dietary cation-anion balance was manipulated by supplementation of various mineral salts and was +339, +35, and -127 meq of kg DM-1 during period 1 and +429, +68, and -147 meq of kg DM-1 during period 2 for control and two treatments, respectively. Animals responded to the simulated lactational Ca loss (period 2) by increasing true intestinal absorption of Ca and bone resorption and by reducing Ca accretion by bone. No difference was observed in concentration of total Ca in plasma, but treatments produced increased concentration of plasma ionized Ca during both periods. Both treatments produced hypercalciuria during both periods, and the lowest cation-anion balance increased true intestinal absorption of Ca and reduced bone accretion during period 2. The size of total exchangeable Ca pool did not differ between treatments or periods, but amount of Ca movement between the pools increased with the intermediate cation-anion balance during period 1 and with both treatments during period 2 compared with control. These results indicated that feeding reduced cation-anion balance diets increased Ca flux through the exchangeable Ca pool with no changes in the size of the pool, particularly when Ca demand was increased.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Physicians, patients, and administrators: a realignment of relationships.

The increased reliance on case mix to establish prospective rates of compensation creates an imperative to alter the traditional relationship of physicians to hospitals and to assign the responsibility for the fiscal effects of clinical decisions to the medical staff. This article identifies the physician's admitting policies as an area in which increased cooperation might augment hospital revenues. Conversely, the analysis identifies the physician's prescribing decisions as an area of conflict that must be resolved in order to control costs and preserve the long-term survival of the hospital. Also examined are relationships and organizational arrangements that not only contribute to the resolution of inevitable conflicts but also enhance the beneficial effects of increased cooperation. The article concludes with an examination of the undesirable effects the full implementation of these arrangements might have on the patient.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

[A novel isoflavone glycoside from Caragana alaica].

3-O-Rhamnopyranosylisorhamnetin, 3-O-glucopyranosylisorhamnetin, 7-O-galactopyranosylluteolin, quercitrin isoquercitrin, wistin, and a novel isoflavonoid, 3'-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylisoflavone, were isolated from the aerial parts of Caragana alaica. Of these, the previously described compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectral characteristics, whereas the spectral analysis and conversion to a known compound, cladrastin, allowed the structural elucidation of the novel isoflavone glycoside.

Fabaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of infectious complications and immune recovery following high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPC-T) in 148 breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous PBPC-T has been reported to be effective in hematological and in selected solid malignancies. In this setting, infectious complications represent a relevant cause of morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To ascertain the incidence, types and factors influencing the development of early and late infections, we retrospectively analyzed 148 consecutive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving HDC and PBPC-T, both for primary high-risk BC (pBC) and metastatic disease (mBC). RESULTS: Early infection strongly associated with the occurrence of grade 4 mucositis (p < 0.001), was documented in 28 patients (19%). Late re-activation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) occurred in 14 patients (9%); an inverse correlation between the VZV re-activation and the total amount of T-cells transferred with the graft was observed. Evaluation of immune reconstitution, carried out in 10 out of 148 patients, showed a long-lasting CD+ T-cells depression (> 2 year), mainly involving the naive CD4+ T-cell subset. Conversely, the analysis of the frequency of proliferating T-lymphocyte precursors, specific for antigens expressed by 3 different widespread pathogens, demonstrated that, notwithstanding the delayed recovery of CD4+ cells, many T-lymphocyte functions were within normal range 1 year after PBPC-T. CONCLUSION: Altogether these results show that severe mucositis is associated with early bacterial infections and the infusion of large numbers of T-cells plays a role in controlling late VZV reactivation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kabuki make-up (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome: a study of 16 non-Japanese cases.

Kabuki make-up (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome has been described mainly in Japanese patients. In this paper we report sixteen new cases from Europe and North America, suggesting that Kabuki make-up syndrome may be more common outside of Japan than supposed. Their features are compared with those of the Japanese patients and most of our findings are similar to those previously reported. The facial phenotype is specific and easily recognizable, regardless of ethnic origin. Postnatal growth retardation and mild mental retardation are confirmed to be cardinal manifestations of the syndrome. Skeletal anomalies were present in all cases but most of the radiological changes were non-specific. The specificity of metacarpophalangeal pattern profile is not confirmed. Conversely, dermatoglyphic analysis is helpful in the diagnosis of this condition. Two differences have emerged between the Japanese patients and those in this study. Firstly, two-thirds of the patients in this series had significant neurological dysfunction other than mental retardation. Secondly, joint hypermobility appears more common in non-Japanese patients. Confirmation of these findings requires further studies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[The differentiated effects of fibrinolysis on the coronary flow in patients with unstable angina].

BACKGROUND: Intracoronary (i.c.) thrombus is a frequent finding in patients (pts) with unstable angina (UA). Accordingly, thrombolytic treatment could be beneficial, as resolution of thrombus might result in increased delivery of blood flow to the ischemic regions. METHODS: To test this hypothesis we studied 13 pts with UA refractory to maximal medical treatment and ST segment shift in the anterior leads. Coronary angiography was performed and great cardiac vein blood flow (GCVF; thermodilution) was measured in all pts within 48 hours (mean 29 +/- 13 hrs) from the last chest pain episode. Following angiography, pts received i.v. wrokinase (UK: 1 million IU/30 min); aortic pressure and GCVF were measured before and every 10 min during drug infusion, for a total time of 90 min. RESULTS: At baseline angiography 5/13 pts (Group 1) had evidence of i.c. thrombus (intraluminal filling defect or thrombotic subocclusion) in the ischemia-related left coronary artery, whereas 8 pts (Group 2) did not. Overall, coronary hemodynamics did not change significantly following drug administration: GCVF was 103 +/- 65 on baseline and 117 +/- 68 ml. min after UK; p > 0.05. Conversely, group analysis showed that UK increased GCVF and decreased anterior coronary resistances (mean aortic pressure/GCVF) in Group 1 (respectively from 86 +/- 33 to 114 +/- 41 ml. min: p < 0.005; and from 1.37 +/- 0.68 to 1.01 +/- 0.44 mmHg/ml. min: p < 0.05) but not in Group 2 (both: p > 0.05), despite similar effects on aortic pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolytic treatment can be of therapeutic value in UA; UK has shown to increase regional coronary blood flow in selected pts presenting with refractory angina as well as evidence of i.c. thrombus at early angiography. Heterogeneity of angiographic findings could explain controversies in trials dealing with thrombolysis in UA.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Radiation dosimetry for technetium-99m-MAG3, technetium-99m-DTPA, and iodine-131-OIH based on human biodistribution studies.

Radiation dose estimates were calculated for the renal agents 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-MAG3, and 131I-OIH from biodistribution data gathered in groups of healthy human volunteers. Biokinetics were evaluated by Anger camera imaging, blood sampling, and urine collection and counting. Collected data were fit to four- or five-compartmental models using the CONversational Simulation, Analysis, and Modeling (CONSAM) software. Radiation dose estimates were performed using standard MIRD techniques. Average residence times in urinary bladder, kidney, and remainder of the body were used to predict radiation dose equivalents and effective dose equivalents for the three agents. Doses for DTPA and MAG3 were very similar and much lower on a per unit injected activity than OIH. The effective dose equivalents were 3.3 mSv/370 MBq for 99Tc-DTPA, 3.7 mSv/370 MBq for 99mTc-MAG3, and 0.99 mSv/11.1 MBq for 131I-OIH for bladder voiding every 4.8 hr; effective dose equivalents were 2.0 mSv/370 MBq for 99mTc-DTPA, 1.5 mSv/370 MBq for 99mTc-MAG3, and 0.28 mSv/11.1 MBq for 131I-OIH for bladder voiding at 30 min and then every 4.0 hr. Patients should void at the conclusion of the study, as early voiding can reduce the gonadal radiation dose by a factor of 2 to 3.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison between computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and laser scanning for capturing 3-dimensional data from an object of standard form.

PURPOSE: The study's aim was to compare dimensional measurements on computer images generated from data captured digitally by 3 different methods of the surfaces of a plastic cube of known form to those obtained directly from the cube itself. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional images were reconstructed of a plastic cube obtained by computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laser scanning. Digital calipers were used to record dimensional measurements between the opposing faces of the plastic cube. Similar dimensional measurements were recorded between the cube faces on each of the reconstructed images. The data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA to determine whether there were differences between dimensional measurements on the computer images generated from the digitization of the cube surfaces by the different techniques, and the direct measurement of the cube itself. RESULTS: A significant effect of how the measurements were taken (ie, direct, CT, MRI, and laser scanning) on the overall variation of dimensional measurement (P < .0005) was observed. Post hoc tests (Bonferroni) revealed that these differences were due principally to differences between the laser-scanned images compared to other sources (ie, direct, CT, and MRI). The magnitude of these differences was very small, up to a maximum mean difference of 0.71 mm (Cl +/- 0.037 mm). CONCLUSION: All 3 methods of imaging would be of value in further studies, not only for the fabrication of complex shapes such as prosthetic ears, but also for other facial prostheses.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed2005

A Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy analysis of the degree of conversion of a universal hybrid resin composite cured with light-emitting diode curing units.

The degree of conversion (DC), of a universal hybrid resin composite cured with LED curing units with low and high power densities and a 510 mW/cm2 quartz tungsten halogen unit, was investigated with Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy. Three curing depths (0, 2, 4mm) and 0 and 7 mm light guide tip - resin composite (LT - RC) distances were tested. The DC of the LED units varied between 52.3% - 59.8% at the top surface and 46.4% - 57.0% at 4 mm depth. The DC of specimen cured with a 0 mm LT- RC distance at 4 mm depth varied between 50.8% - 57.0% and with 7 mm distance between 46.4% - 55.4%. The low power density LED unit showed a significantly lower DC for both distances at all depth levels compared to the other curing units (p < 0.05). Significant differences between the other curing units were only found at the 4 mm depth level cured from 7 mm distance (p < 0.05). The reduction in DC by increasing LT- RC distance was less than 10% for all curing units. It can be concluded that the improved LED curing units could cure the studied resin composite to the same DC as the control unit.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1979

The role of the cytoskeleton in pancreatic B-cell function.

The ultrastructural organization of B-cell microtubular-microfilamentous system, its alteration by several pharmacological agents and the concomitant changes in the dynamics of insulin release, the biochemical characterization of islet tubulin and actin, the involvement of microtubules in the process of proinsulin biosynthesis and conversion, the analysis of motile events in endocrine pancreatic cells, the possible participation of microtubular-microfilamentous structures in cell surface organization of the B-cell, and the anomaly of the microtubular apparatus in certain pathological conditions are reviewed. The experimental data support the view that microtubules and microfilaments play an essential role in the process of insulin synthesis and release, as well as in the mechanism of glucagon secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination and identification of morantel-related residues as precursors of 3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl) acrylic acid (CP-20,107) in bovine milk.

A simple liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed to determine and identify incurred morantel-related residues in bovine milk by converting them to 3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl) acrylic acid (CP-20, 107). Key techniques in this method involve short-term digestion of milk in HCl to release residues convertible to CP-20, 107, isolation and alkaline hydrolysis of these precursors to CP-20, 107, and recovery of the product for LC analysis. Photochemical conversion of CP-20, 107 to its cis-isomer and separation by LC identifies the residue. A homolog (pyrantel), which is used as an internal standard, is hydrolyzed to 3-(2-thienyl) acrylic acid. These acrylic acid isomers are readily resolved by LC. The method was evaluated over the 1-4 ppb (ng/mL) range for accuracy and precision to assess its utility for withdrawal studies. Bovine milk supplemented with morantel at 1, 2, and 4 ppb and assayed in replicate (n = 7-8) over 4 trials gave mean values and standard deviations of 1.0 +/- 0.11, 2.0 +/- 0.24, and 4.0 +/- 0.44 ppb, respectively. A milk specimen containing physiologically incurred residues of morantel assayed 2.1 +/- 0.19 ppb in replicate (n = 5).

Animals↗