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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Documenting pharmacists' interventions on a hospital's mainframe computer system.

The development and implementation of a code that enables pharmacists to document their clinical interventions in the hospital's computerized patient records is described. To allow data to be entered in patient records from terminals throughout the hospital that are linked to the mainframe computer, a code was developed to summarize each pharmacist recommendation. The coded information is added to the computer entry for the specific drug requiring intervention. A computer program was developed inhouse for generating daily reports of the pharmacist interventions. During an initial 25-day study period, 300 interventions were documented; house staff physicians accepted the pharmacists' recommendations in 257 (85.7%) of these interventions. An additional 17 (6%) of the interventions resulted from physicians' requests for pharmacists' recommendations. In addition to review of all pharmacist clinical interventions, this system allows review of a specific target drug to determine compliance with institutional drug-use guidelines. Through use of the computer program developed at this hospital, information that documents pharmacists' clinical services can be entered directly into patients' records on the hospital's mainframe computer system and retrieved as useful reports.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1988

Computer system for quantitative evaluation of an electrotactile vocoder for artificial hearing.

A computer-controlled experimental electrotactile vocoder system is designed to evaluate quantitatively the transmission of speech information and to test various design options for tactual vocoders. The system is composed of a digital speech synthesizer, a digital vocoder, a computer-driven electrotactile display, and an adaptive controller for psychophysical experimentation. Samples of continua representing speech contrast types occurring in natural languages are synthesized by systematically manipulating selected subphonemic features. The synthesized speech stimuli are processed using a programmable vocoder and presented to the skin with an electrotactile display belt worn on the abdomen. Transmission of significant speech parameters is quantitatively evaluated using adaptive psychophysical techniques and labeling tests. The system is used to assess the potential of speech transmission through the skin and to evaluate different vocoder configurations and processing techniques for tactual vocoders to be used as artificial hearing devices by the deaf.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Do general practice computer systems assist in medical audit?

This study was designed to assess the capabilities of current general practice computer software to perform medical audit. A total of 43 general practice clinical software suppliers were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of general questions concerning their systems' responses to 85 audit questions that a practice might wish to ask in the areas of quality of care and contractual compliance. It was assumed that all systems had full patient data. Fourteen installations representing 14 systems that had been randomly selected from the responders were visited to validate the suppliers' responses. Thirty-two (74%) suppliers responded to the questionnaire and they represented 7696 installations. One supplier marketed two distinct systems giving 33 systems for analysis. The majority (52%) of responding suppliers had between 0 and 50 installations. Many shortfalls in auditing capability were demonstrated, e.g. 24% of systems were unable to audit the clinical content of a patient review, 48% were unable to audit the numbers of acute and repeat prescriptions, 51% were unable to audit emergency admissions, 70% were unable to audit the length of time a drug had been prescribed for and 85% were unable to audit the continuity of patient care. Limitations in the ability to perform even basic medical audits were demonstrated among current general practice computer systems. These have implications for the development of medical audit. Seven (21%) of the systems had no facilities for statistical analysis including percentages and 8 (24%) had no graphical abilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A computer system for the analysis of television images as a new objective clinical method for assessing the status of the crystalline lens].

The aim of study was the development of a diagnostic device for the determination and analysis of the optic densities of various lenticular laminae on the basis of computer-aided system for analysis of TV images (CASATI). The potentialities of the developed system were evaluated in examinations of 57 diabetics, aged 27 to 78, with opacities beneath the posterior capsule and in the cortical layers of the lens. The reference group consisted of 48 normal subjects without noticeable lens opacities, aged 23 to 76. Comparative densitometry of the lens was carried out in the same patients by reproductive microdensitometry and CASATI. The new method permitted an objective assessment of the optic densities of various layers of the lens and may be used to predict the development of opacities therein. Another possible application of this method is the assessment of the conjunctival vessels status and prediction of the course of various diseases and monitoring the efficacy of therapy thereof.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A computer system for the systematization of MR findings in knee joint diseases].

An inexpensive, easy-access computer-based system is proposed, which was developed for the systematization of the clinical series of knee joint disorders studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The system is based upon the integration of multimedia technology and Data Base Management Systems (DBMS). The hardware configuration for this project included an Apple Macintosh workstation based on a Motorola 68040 microprocessor and a customized application developed by the authors with the 4th Dimension software. The MR images available only on film were digitized off-line with a solid-state Charge Coupled Device (CCD) scanner with back-light cover for transparency. Otherwise, MR images were acquired on-line through an Ethernet-based local area network from the MR unit or from a SparcStation-Advantage Windows workstation connected with the MR unit. Image post-processing was performed with the Adobe PhotoShop software. The system was devoted to the systematization and analysis of a clinical series of 800 MR studies of the knee. A mean of 10 significant MR images were stored for each examination with a standard image compression algorithm--the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). This permitted us to save the system's storage space and at the same time to preserve image quality for consultation and teaching purposes, not for diagnosis which is made on the backboard or on the MR unit's or Advantage Window's monitor. Finally, MR findings were indexed with a customized check-list specific for knee joint disorders. On the basis of stored and selected information, it was thus possible to carry out a statistical analysis and to make detailed reports which are useful for scientific purposes, such as the preparation of lectures and papers. Moreover, the system was very useful for patients' follow-up and for the preparation of hypermedia teaching applications on knee joint disorders which are available on the Internet at our World-Wide Web server (URL: http://mbox.unipa.it/radpa/radpa ++ +.html). In conclusion, the system is a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for the multipurpose management of radiologic series.

Humans↗