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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Speech breathing in young adults: effect of body type.

Chest wall kinematic records were obtained from 60 healthy young adults aged 18 to 23 years using a strain-gauge belt pneumograph transduction system. Recordings were taken with the subjects seated in an upright position for measurement of general respiratory function and speech breathing. The 30 males and 30 females also underwent analysis of body type and spirometric assessment. The present study aimed to investigate normative variations in speech breathing kinematics as a function of body type. Measurements of lung volume levels were referenced to two kinematic respiratory points (the 0% limit and resting-end expiratory level) and relative volume displacement of the rib cage and abdomen. Various other assessments of connected speech were analyzed for each subject. Results gathered from four speech tasks (vowel prolongation, syllable repetition, counting, and reading) indicated that an analysis of the three major subdivisions of body type (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy) did not show any between-group differences. Further analysis of six subdivisions from the three major subdivisions of body type groups showed few between-group differences. The present investigation provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive analysis of the speech breathing characteristics of the young adult population. The need for comparative studies and research into the different methods of assessing chest wall kinematic behavior during speech breathing is highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1.

In this series of projects regarding the accumulation of sequence information of unidentified human genes, we newly deduced the sequences of 40 full-length cDNA clones of human cell line KG-1, and predicted the coding sequences of the corresponding genes, named KIAA0121 to 0160. The results of a computer search of public databases indicated that the sequences of 13 genes were unrelated to any reported genes, while the remaining 27 genes carried sequences which showed some similarities to known genes. Obvious unique sequences noted were as follows. A stretch of triplet repeats was contained in each of three genes: These were GAG(Glu) in KIAA0122 and KIAA0147, and TCC(Ser) in KIAA0150. A stretch of 10 amino acid-residues was repeated 21 times in KIAA0139, and a homologous sequence of 76-78 nucleotides was found repeated 6 times in the untranslated region of KIAA0125. Northern hybridization analysis demonstrated that 13 genes were expressed in a cell- or tissue-specific manner. Although a vast number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been registered for comprehensive analysis of cDNA clones, our sequence data indicated that their distribution is very unbalanced: e.g. while no EST hit 7 genes, 85 ESTs fell in a single gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[A method for the quantitative analysis of steroid hormones by HPLC/RIA].

To solve the problem of cross-reaction in immunoassay and determine various steroid hormones simultaneously in a small amount of sample, a method for the quantitative analysis of steroid hormones was developed. This method is a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The purpose of the study is the comprehensive analysis of steroid hormones profiles in normal subjects and adreno-cortical diseases. One hundred microliters of plasma was extracted by ether and the ether layer was evaporated. The residue was redissolved and separated by HPLC. Then fractions of steroid hormones were taken and determined by RIA. In this study, cortisol (F), androstenedione (A), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were analyzed in normal adults, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and Cushing's syndrome. Results in normal adults were similar with those had been previously reported. In CAH, F was remarkably low and 17-OHP, A, T and P were remarkably high before treatment. During treatment some cases showed that 17-OHP, A, T and P were high, and 17-OHP and P tended to be within normal range, if F had been kept higher than about 20 micrograms/dl. In the analysis of Cushing's syndrome before treatment, there were definite differences between adenoma and hyperplasia. A, 17-OHP, T, E1 and E2 were higher in hyperplasia than those in adenoma. It is suggested that it is possible to diagnose the type of Cushing's syndrome with a small amount of plasma using this method. As a mass screening method of CAH at present, 17-OHP in dried blood on filter paper is determined, therefore the quantitative analysis of 17-OHP in dried blood on filter paper (9 mm disc) was attempted. The quantitative analysis proved to be possible, and it was considered to be applied as the secondary screening method of CAH by the use of dried blood on filter paper.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

High resolution analysis of chromosome 3p alterations in cervical carcinoma.

Although loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for loci on chromosome 3p is a common event in cervical carcinoma (CC), the frequency and affected regions of 3p are inconsistent among studies. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of LOH on 3p in 66 primary tumors and 16 CC-derived cell lines using a high density of marker loci. Clonal LOH was found in over 70% of primary tumors, and the patterns of loss indicated four to five target regions, with 3p14 being the most frequent. The majority of tumors had complex patterns of allelic imbalance, with regions of subclonal and clonal losses often present in individual tumors. We exploited marker homozygosity in CC-derived cell lines as an indirect measure of LOH and identified four homozygous deletions (HDs) during this analysis at loci located within the 3p14.2 region to which the FHIT gene has been mapped recently. This led to a careful reevaluation of the LOH patterns in primary CCs, which showed apparent retention of heterozygosity for loci in this region indicative of the presence of several additional HDs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HDs encompassing the FHIT gene region in primary tumor samples and underscores the usefulness of high resolution genetic analysis of tumor genomes in determining the chromosomal aberrations underlying the malignant progression of CC.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution: what to measure in ECG?

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that air pollution adversely affects the cardiovascular system, leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms of such an association are unknown. Although potential mechanisms of deleterious effects of air pollution may involve response of the respiratory system, immunologic response, or coagulation abnormalities, the cardiovascular system seems to be the common end point of these pathways. Cardiovascular response to any stress (which may include air pollution) is a consequence of a complex interplay between the autonomic nervous system governing centrally mediated control of the cardiovascular system, a myocardial substrate (current state of the myocardium) altered in the course of disease processes, and myocardial vulnerability leading to arrhythmogenic or ischemic response. Through the use of standard electrocardiograms (ECGs), exercise ECG testing, and long-term ambulatory ECG monitoring, modern electrocardiology makes a valuable contribution to understanding the different mechanistic factors involved in the increase in adverse cardiovascular events due to air pollution. Heart rate variability analysis can provide quantitative insight into the autonomic response of the cardiovascular system to air pollution. Analysis of ventricular repolarization in an ECG (both duration and morphology) gives valuable information about the status and dynamic behavior of myocardium, reflecting myocardial substrate and vulnerability. ST-segment analysis of ECGs is used routinely to monitor the magnitude of ischemia and could be used to monitor subtle changes in the myocardium in subjects exposed to air pollution. Comprehensive analysis of ECG parameters describing the influence of the autonomic nervous system, the role of myocardial substrate, and the contribution of myocardial vulnerability could and should be employed in air pollution studies, especially as those mechanistic components have been proven to contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in general.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of measured results of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions].

OBJECTIVE: In order to provide grounds for clinical diagnosis, the normal sensitive parameters of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in normal ears were studied. METHOD: 60 ears with normal hearing subjects using ILO-88 otodynamic analyzer system were measured, the click stimuli level is 80 dB SPL and the stimuli pattern used non-linear model. RESULT: Analysis of the normal values of the stability, A-B difference, response amplitude, wave reproducibility, band reproducibility and band SNR, dominant frequencies were obtained. CONCLUSION: The findings from comprehensive analysis of spectrum, response amplitude and reproducibility can be used as main sensitive parameters to evaluated whether or not of normal-hearing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: analysis of pediatric fat estimate errors due to tissue hydration effects.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) percent (%) fat estimates may be inaccurate in young children, who typically have high tissue hydration levels. This study was designed to provide a comprehensive analysis of pediatric tissue hydration effects on DXA %fat estimates. Phase 1 was experimental and included three in vitro studies to establish the physical basis of DXA %fat-estimation models. Phase 2 extended phase 1 models and consisted of theoretical calculations to estimate the %fat errors emanating from previously reported pediatric hydration effects. Phase 1 experiments supported the two-compartment DXA soft tissue model and established that pixel ratio of low to high energy (R values) are a predictable function of tissue elemental content. In phase 2, modeling of reference body composition values from birth to age 120 mo revealed that %fat errors will arise if a "constant" adult lean soft tissue R value is applied to the pediatric population; the maximum %fat error, approximately 0.8%, would be present at birth. High tissue hydration, as observed in infants and young children, leads to errors in DXA %fat estimates. The magnitude of these errors based on theoretical calculations is small and may not be of clinical or research significance.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

DNA microarray analysis of altered gene expression in cadmium-exposed human cells.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal known to be toxic and carcinogenic, but its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Development of the DNA microarray technology has recently made the comprehensive analysis of gene expression possible, and it could be a powerful tool also in toxicological studies. With microarray slides containing 7,000-9,000 genes, we have been studying the gene expression profiles of a human cell line exposed to Cd. By exposure to a non-lethal concentration of Cd, 46 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes whose expression levels changed twofold or greater were observed. The expression of genes related to cellular protection and damage control mechanisms such as those encoding metallothioneins, anti-oxidant proteins and heat shock proteins was simultaneously induced. In addition, altered expression of many genes involved in signaling, metabolism and so on was newly observed. As a whole, a number of genes appear to be coordinately regulated toward survival from Cd toxicity. When cells were exposed to a higher concentration of Cd, more remarkable effects were observed both in the number of affected genes and in the extent of altered expression. These findings will contribute to the understanding of the complicated biological effects of Cd.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1989

EXAFS studies of the isolated bovine heart Rieske [2Fe-2S]1+(1+,2+) cluster.

Recently the involvement of one or, more likely, two nitrogen-ligands in the Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster has been reported based on the chemical assay and various spectroscopic analyses, such as EPR, Mössbauer, ENDOR, and resonance Raman, of isolated Thermus thermophilus HB-8 protein by Fee and his collaborators. Similarly, the presence of at least one nitrogen ligand was shown in the mitochondrial Rieske [2Fe-2S] cluster. We have conducted EXAFS studies of the Rieske [2Fe-2S] protein isolated from the cytochrome bc1 complex of bovine heart mitochondria. Standard analysis could not distinguish one or two nitrogen ligands per cluster. However, one nitrogen and three cysteine ligands per cluster was found to be, possibly, a better solution in more comprehensive analysis procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

p53 abnormalities in primary prostate cancer: single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of complementary DNA in comparison with genomic DNA. The Cooperative Prostate Network.

BACKGROUND: The reported frequency of mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene (also known as TP53) in human carcinomas of the prostate has varied widely, ranging from 3% to 42%. This variability may be a consequence of tumor heterogeneity and/or the use of different methods of analysis. Since p53 mutation has been associated with clinical outcome for a number of cancer types, determination of its true frequency in primary carcinomas of the prostate is important. PURPOSE: The principal aims of this study were as follows: 1) to validate the utility of detecting p53 gene mutations by means of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of complementary DNA (cDNA) (synthesized from prostate tissue RNA and 2) to study the concordance of RNA- and DNA-based PCR-SSCP assays in detecting p53 mutations in individual tumor fragments. METHODS: RNA and genomic DNA were isolated by means of standard techniques from specimens of 19 carcinomas of the prostate, selected on the basis of p53 data obtained in a previous analysis of cDNA (indicating that 14 were mutant and five were wild-type). RNA was converted into cDNA by means of reverse transcription (RT); the cDNA was then amplified by means of nonisotopic (i.e., nonradioactive) PCR, and the PCR products were subjected to SSCP analysis in polyacrylamide gels (RT-PCR-SSCP analysis). Genomic DNA was examined by means of SSCP analysis of isotopically labeled (32PO4) PCR products (DNA-PCR-SSCP analysis). In both approaches, the protein coding region of the p53 gene was divided into multiple, smaller fragments for study. PCR products exhibiting abnormal migration in SSCP gels were subjected to direct nucleotide sequencing or to cloning and sequencing of multiple clones. RESULTS: RT-PCR-SSCP and DNA-PCR-SSCP identified p53 gene abnormalities in 15 of the 19 selected carcinomas, including one previously reported to be wild-type for p53. Overall, PCR-SSCP analysis identified 18 p53 fragments with abnormalities; three carcinomas showed two abnormalities each. Six (33%) of the 18 abnormalities were detected by both RT-PCR-SSCP and DNA-PCR-SSCP, 10 (56%) were detected by RT-PCR-SSCP alone, and two (11%) were detected by DNA-PCR-SSCP alone. The 18 abnormalities were caused by 20 changes in the sequence of the p53 gene; in one carcinoma, double mutations in two individual p53 exons were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: PCR-SSCP analysis of both RNA and DNA allows the detection of more mutations than the analysis of either alone. Some primary carcinomas of the prostate contain more than one altered p53 gene, consistent with the possibility of intratumoral heterogeneity of mutation of this gene. For comprehensive analysis of p53 mutations in carcinomas of the prostate, and perhaps in other tumor tissues, SSCP analysis of cDNA should be used in combination with SSCP analysis of genomic DNA.

DNA, Complementary↗
PubMed1997

Catheter-related sepsis in the neonate: thinking critically about a persistent problem.

Catheter-related sepsis (CRS) is a clinical problem gaining increasing attention in the literature. Before strategies for reducing the incidence of CRS can be identified, a consistent definition of the problem must be developed. Critical thinking is an intellectual process used to reflect upon a topic of interest. The critical thinking process provides a framework for comprehensive analysis of patient care problems. The article describes the critical thinking process and proposes a model of critical thinking for practicing nurses. This model is applied to the development of comprehensive definitions for CRS that may be used by neonatal nurses for clinical and research purposes.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed2024

Metagenome-based diversity and functional analysis of culturable microbes in sugarcane.

UNLABELLED: Sugarcane is a key crop for sugar and energy production, and understanding the diversity of its associated microbes is crucial for optimizing its growth and health. However, there is a lack of thorough investigation and use of microbial resources in sugarcane. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of culturable microbes and their functional features in different tissues and rhizosphere soil of four diverse sugarcane species using metagenomics techniques. The results revealed significant microbial diversity in sugarcane's tissues and rhizosphere soil, including several important biomarker bacterial taxa identified, which are reported to engage in several processes that support plant growth, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of plant hormones. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) studies identified unique microbial communities in different parts of the same sugarcane species, particularly Burkholderia, which exhibited significant variations across the sugarcane species. Microbial analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) indicated that genes related to sucrose metabolism were mostly present in specific bacterial taxa, including Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, and Chryseobacterium. This study improves understanding of the diversities and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Moreover, the approaches and findings of this study provide valuable insights for microbiome research and the use of comparable technologies in other agricultural fields. IMPORTANCE: This work utilized metagenomics techniques for conducting a comprehensive examination of culturable microbes and their functional characteristics in various tissues and rhizosphere soil of four distinct sugarcane species. This study enhances comprehension of the diversity and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Furthermore, the methodologies and discoveries of this work offer new perspectives for microbiome investigation and the use of similar technologies in other agricultural fields.

Saccharum↗
PubMed1987

A comparative chromosome banding analysis of the Ursidae and their relationship to other carnivores.

Trypsin G-banded karyotypes of eight species of Ursidae were prepared from retrovirus-transformed skin fibroblast cultures. The banding patterns of all bears are highly conserved, even though their diploid numbers range from 42 to 72. A comprehensive analysis of the homologous banding patterns within the Ursidae and with a hypothesized ancestral carnivore karyotype permitted the reconstruction of three significant chromosomal reorganization events that occurred during the evolution of the modern ursids. The first was a multichromosomal fissioning away from the biarmed (2n = 44) primitive carnivore karyotype, leading to six species of the Ursinae subfamily (2n = 78). The second was a comprehensive chromosome fusion in the lineage that led to the Ailuropodinae (giant panda) subfamily (2n = 44). The third event was a second, independent, but less extensive, centromeric fusion occurring in the line that led to the Tremarctinae (spectacled bear) subfamily (2n = 52). Ursidae karyotypes are not only highly conserved within the family but also exhibit extensive chromosome banding homology with other carnivore families.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Molecular characterization and interstrain variability of pHPS1, a plasmid isolated from the Sydney strain (SS1) of Helicobacter pylori.

The 5846-bp circular plasmid pHPS1 of Helicobacter pylori Sydney strain, SS1, was cloned, sequenced, and structurally characterized. The SS1 strain is widely used in animal studies of H. pylori infection. The sequence of pHPS1 revealed three open reading frames (ORFs), all of which are transcribed. Two ORFs encode putative plasmid replication proteins, RepA and RepB, similar to replicases resident on theta plasmids. In contrast, the function of ORF2 remains cryptic due to the absence of sequence similarity with any known protein in sequence databases. In addition, species specificity of these three coding regions was shown using DNA dot blot hybridization in 57 diverse clinical H. pylori isolates and 32 Helicobacter and Campylobacter strains. RepA appears to be the predominant plasmid replication protein of H. pylori and the deduced amino acid sequence was highly conserved (76-96%) in 8 H. pylori isolates, including SS1. RepB was detected in 3 H. pylori isolates examined in this study, 2 of which possess only the repB gene. Analysis of the protein sequences of these two replicases, together with previously characterized H. pylori plasmid replication proteins, supports the formation of a distinct class of H. pylori plasmid proteins. Moreover, comprehensive analysis of the whole genome sequence of H. pylori strain 26695, pHPS1, and other H. pylori plasmid sequences that are available revealed interesting insights as to the occurrence of plasmid-mediated recombination within H. pylori. Common regions between plasmids and chromosome sequences of H. pylori were identified in this study which could only have arisen by genetic recombination, thus providing the first line of evidence, albeit indirectly, of the contribution of H. pylori plasmids in generating an extensive genetic heterogeneity characteristic of this important gastroduodenal pathogen.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1999

DNA chip technology ante portas.

The recent popularity of DNA chip technology has been fostered by the increasing demand for new diagnostic tools which allow the simultaneous analysis of large numbers of nucleic acid hybridization experiments in a timely fashion. The development of DNA chip-based assays has been strongly driven by modern approaches aiming at the comprehensive analysis of multiple gene mutations and expressed sequences. The broad range of current DNA chip applications include the detection of pathogens, the measurement of differences in the expression of genes between different cell populations, and the analysis of genomic alterations such as sequence and copy number alterations in disease-related genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. We present an overview of the impact of DNA chip technology on the field of molecular medicine and discuss developments that can be expected in the near future.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiologic studies demonstrating increased morning incidence of sudden cardiac death.

To determine if sudden cardiac death shows a circadian variation, the mortality records of the Massachusetts population and the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. The Massachusetts mortality data analysis revealed an increased morning incidence for out-of-hospital cardiac deaths similar to that previously described for nonfatal myocardial infarction. The records of the Framingham Heart Study allowed more comprehensive analysis of the time of sudden cardiac death. In this study, a prominent circadian variation was also identified in which frequency of sudden cardiac death increased sharply between 6 A.M. and 9 P.M.; distribution was fairly even throughout the rest of the day. This circadian pattern may be explained in part by physiologic changes that increase the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation or increase the risk of thrombosis in the morning hours. The possible role of the morning increase in physical and mental activity as a trigger of sudden cardiac death requires further investigation.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of neuroblastoma: analysis of a single institution.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is the fourth most frequent cancer among all pediatric neoplasms Epidemiological studies may shed more light on the disease and aid in improving treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Epidemiology data are presented for 333 children with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma and 11 children with ganglioneuroma who were treated at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Poland, from 1962 to 1996. RESULTS: Analysis of the stage of the disease, age, sex and survival of children with neuroblastoma demonstrated comparable distribution of good and intermediate stages versus the stages with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive analysis of epidemiological data on the stage of cancer, age, sex and survival in patients with neuroblastoma provides a basis for better prognosis of the disease and cost-efficient treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The problems of the rational use of the medical staff in industrial health care complexes.

The awareness of resources scarcity in the occupational health care makes one analyze allocation in the selected institutions of occupational health service in Poland. The principal issue was to find out the differentiation in medical staff use and the costs involved. Such conclusions resulting from inputs and outputs evaluation are expected to be a basis for economic rationalization of resources allocation. An attempt to make such analysis has been made in Industrial Health Care Complexes (IHCCs) in Poland. Mainly, the costs of work of medical staff have been considered as an element of wider empirical study and comprehensive analysis of resources usage.

Cost Control↗