[Significance of plasma fibronectin and CH50 determination in the evaluation of tissue responses of medical materials].
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Animals↗
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[Hemolytic activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca].
We demonstrated that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca possess a selective haemolytic activity on rabbit erythrocytes. Thirty one Klebsiella strains (18 strains of K. pneumoniae and 13 strains of K. oxytoca) were isolated from hospitalized patients. The liquid (Trypcase-soy broth--TSB) and solid (Trypcase-soy agar--TSA) medium, containing the red cells were used for the tests. All the screened strains showed a haemolytic effect on rabbit erythrocytes, provided that the supernatants of the cultures were preincubated with beta-mercaptoethanol or calcium chloride. There was no human and sheep erythrocyte lysis.
Animals↗
[Immunological behavior (IgG, IgM, IgA) and total complement (CH50) of newborns infants with risk factors for early onset sepsis. Comparative analysis of newborns with and without infection].
Immunological behavior (IgG, IgM, IgA) and total Complement (CH50) of newborns infants with risk factors for early onset sepsis. Comparative analysis between newborns with and without infection. Rev. Hosp. Clín. Fac. Med. S. Paulo, 53(6): 303-310, 1998. The objective of this study was to verify the immunological behavior of the newborn infant in front of an infection. We studied 60 newborn infants that had risk factors for early onset sepsis (premature rupture membranes, clinic amnionitis or tract urinary infection) from de immunological and infection point of view. They were classified into three gestational age groups: < 34 weeks, between 34 and 36 6/7 weeks and > or = 37 weeks. Sepsis diagnosis was done through clinical and laboratorial data and we also included the followings exams: Immunological types (IgG, IgM, IgA) and total complement (CH50) obtained from the newborn at birth and on the fifth day of life. We could verify that 15 newborns (25%) presented early sepsis. There was a statistical association between perinatal asfixia and infection in the group with gestational age < 34 weeks and this same group presented statistical association between infection and death. The serical levels of IgG and CH50 were directly related to the gestational age and there were significant statistical differences between levels of IgG, IgM and total Complement between infected and not infected newborns within the same group os gestional age. We observed that the infection was associated to low levels of IgG and CH50, at birth and on the fifth day, mainly in the group of infected newborns with gestional age < 34 weeks, being this group, therefore, the one that would mostly benefit from an immunological support in front of and infection.
Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay↗
Monomeric complement-activating IgG paraproteins.
Three patients presented a unique syndrome of recurrent panniculitis with an IgGkappa paraprotein and depletion of the early components of the classical pathway of complement. The IgGkappa paraproteins were monomers with a normal structure, and with no evidence for aggregation, as assessed by electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Both heavy and light chains were of normal molecular size (SDS-PAGE), and the paraproteins were not heavily glycosylated. However, the paraproteins from all three patients had unusual features that included abnormal behavior on gel filtration chromatography and a heavy chain of high pI. When analyzed by fast protein liquid chromatography (Superdex 200), elution of the paraproteins was retarded, particularly when the ionic strength was increased. This retardation was partially reversed in 20% alcohol, and fully reversed in 6 M guanidine-HCl. Neither anti-C1 inhibitor nor anti-C1q autoantibodies were found in any of the patients' sera. However, the paraproteins bound to the globular heads of C1q at normal ionic strength. They activated C4 in normal human serum, but not in C1q-deficient serum. Activation led to the formation of C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes. Taken together, the data suggest that the unusual paraproteins have the capacity to bind C1q, which then leads to activation of C1. The ability of these paraproteins to activate C1, in spite of their being soluble monomers, is likely to be related to their unique physicochemical features.
Chromatography, Gel↗
Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of a liposomal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide in an acute model of contact hypersensitivity.
The anti-inflammatory activity of free and liposome-encapsulated oligonucleotide targeted against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA was investigated in a delayed type hypersensitivity model of acute inflammation in mice. Contact hypersensitivity reactions to 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene were monitored by measuring ear thickness and cellular infiltration, both of which were observed to be maximal 24 h after ear challenge. A murine-specific phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide and various control sequences were each passively encapsulated into 100-nm diameter large unilamellar vesicles composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. All formulations were administered as a single-bolus injection into the tail vein approximately 15 min after initiating ear inflammation. Oligodeoxynucleotide dose was varied from 5 to 50 mg/kg and the extent of inflammation was assessed 24 h later. Mice treated with free oligonucleotide, empty vesicles, or encapsulated control sequences showed no measurable effect on ear swelling or cellular infiltration compared with untreated controls. However, mice that received the active sequence encapsulated in lipid vesicles exhibited near baseline levels of ear thickness and leukocyte infiltration, similar to that observed in mice treated with a topical corticosteroid. These data demonstrate the utility of liposome-encapsulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotide as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic.
Animals↗
Effects on C3 and CH50 levels during and following extracorporeal whole body hyperthermia.
Cardiopulmonary bypass can affect inflammatory reactions and evoke the "postperfusion syndrome," manifested as multiple organ dysfunction in the recovery period. This syndrome is generated by the activation of complement, macrophages, neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines. Following the use of hypothermia during cardiac procedures, active hyperthermic rewarming is used to reestablish body temperature. Complement levels and their interactions have been investigated during and following hypothermia. Hyperthermia is being used clinically; however, the effect of markedly elevated temperatures on complement is unknown and, therefore, needs to be investigated. A pilot canine study was designed to begin to explore what role hyperthermia may play on complement levels during and following extracorporeal whole body hyperthermia. Five dogs were heated to a core temperature of approximately 42 degrees C, held at this elevated temperature for 90 minutes, then cooled to normothermia. A decline in C3 levels at the end of warming with further declines through day 4 post treatment was observed. CH50 levels mimicked the C3 level decline; however, there was a trend for rebounding by day 4. The findings involving complement factors following hyperthermia signify that this increase in temperature causes a decrease in both C3 and CH50 levels.
Animals↗
[The reactions of the immune system under the influence of a nonpeptide splenic factor].
The influence of low-molecular nonpeptide preparation splenosid obtained from bovine spleen on the cytotoxic activity of natural killers, reaction of complement binding and the immune responsibility was investigated. It was shown that even single treatment of rats with splenosid in a dose of 300 mkg/100 g in 48 hours stimulates the cytolytic activity of splenocytes on target cells (sheep erythrocytes). The same results were obtained in vitro. The treatment of guinea pigs with splenosid reduces the complement activity in serum. This preparation depresses the splenocyte immunoreactivity in sensibilized mice in a dose-dependent manner. The data obtained complete our knowledges about biological activity of splenosid.
Animals↗
Hereditary angioedema: case report of a family.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease resulting from deficiency of complement 1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). The clinical manifestations of this disease include recurrent attacks of self-limiting edema affecting face, extremities, gastrointestinal system and upper airways. In this report, we present eleven members of a family with HAE. Edema of the extremities was the most common symptom, occurring in ten patients. Three patients experienced severe laryngeal edema that required tracheotomy. Three patients developed facial and scrotal edema. Three patients experienced severe abdominal pain. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 11 years. C1-INH levels were undetectable in two patients and low in nine patients. CH50 was undetectable in all of the patients. C4 level for all patients was low. HAE in our first case, a 10-year-old boy, was diagnosed on the basis of low C1-INH, CH50 and C4, in addition to his familial history. Eleven members of this family, for whom laboratory studies could not be done, had similar symptoms and course. Two patients died as a result of laryngeal edema before establishment of diagnosis. This case report indicates the importance of recognition and early treatment of HAE to prevent a potentially fatal outcome.
Adult↗
Effect of IFN-alpha on total haemolytic activity of CH50 complement system and C3, C4 levels in children with chronic hepatitis C.
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis induced by virus C as well as the mechanisms responsible for the elimination of this infection are still not fully understood. The course of HCV infection depends on the extent to which both specific and non-specific response is induced. One of the treatment methods applied in HCV is the use of IFN-alpha which has both antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. The knowledge of IFN-alpha effect on non-specific humoral response may be helpful in the choice of optimal strategy for HCV prevention and treatment. The purpose of the study was the assessment of total haemolytic activity of CH50 complements as well as C3 and C4 levels in children with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN-alpha. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty children aged 3-15 years with chronic hepatitis C were included in the study. The diagnosis was based on biochemical examinations, the presence of HCV RNA and histological investigations of the liver. The study group was divided into two subgroups of 30 children each. One subgroup was treated with subcutaneous recombined IFN-alpha (Intron A Schering Plough) at the dose of 3 MU 3 times a week for 6 months, while the other subgroup was a control. All the children underwent the assessment of total haemolytic activity of CH50 complement according to modified Mayer's technique as well as the concentration of its components C3 and C4 with turbidimetric method with the use of Behring reagents and Turbi Time system. The assessments were performed at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. RESULTS: Total haemolytic activity of CH50 complement and C3, C4 levels after 6 months of IFN-alpha therapy were significantly higher in children on IFN-alpha when compared to control group. Among children treated with IFN-alpha, 9 managed to eliminate HCV genetic material from blood serum. Mean values of analysed parameters did not differ at both stages of the study in the IFN-alpha group between the children with and without HCV RNA elimination. CONCLUSIONS: Higher total haemolytic activity of CH50 complement and C3, C4 levels after 6 months of treatment with IFN-alpha administered to children with chronic hepatitis C suggest that IFN-alpha is capable of reducing complement activity.
Adolescent↗
The factor C3 conversion in human complement by smooth Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharides.
Shigella flexneri rods play an important role in human intestinal infections. In the presented studies we have shown that O-acetyl and glucose residues, substituted in main GalNAc-Rha chains of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are important for the bactericidal effect of human serum. By dot-blot, immunoblotting and ELISA with immobilized LPS we have shown correlation of C3 fragments deposition and serum resistance. LPSs isolated from a serum-sensitive strain deposited more C3 fragments than LPSs from serum-resistant Shigella flexneri strains.
Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
Chemical and biological properties of endotoxin from Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae.
1. Endotoxin-like activity was extracted with phenol-chloroform-petroleum either (PCP) from Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. Chemical analysis of leptospiral cells obtained from the PCP extract indicated the following distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protein and polysaccharide in mg/ml: 3.0, 4.5 and 1.0 for icterohaemorrhagiae and 3.3, 5.6 and 1.5 for canicola. 2. The preparations presented several biological activities: positive Limulus test (1.0 pg/ml) for icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola PCP extract and 0.5 pg/ml for E. coli O111:B4 LPS, lethality for chicken embryos (LD50 45, 25 and 1.0) for icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola and E. coli O111:B4 LPS, pyrogenicity in rabbits with an average increase in rectal temperature of 0.6 degrees C, 0.9 degrees C and 2.2 degrees C for canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and E. coli O111:B4 LPS, reacted with complement inhibiting the lysis of sheep red blood cells, 62%, 75% and 90% for 2.0 micrograms/ml of icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola PCP extract and E. coli O111:B4 LPS. The PCP extract showed no cytotoxicity on chicken embryo fibroblasts and epithelial cells. 3. These results demonstrate that Leptospira endotoxin activity is similar to E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide.
Animals↗
Virulence of nonpathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica isolates from asymptomatic subjects in Calcutta, India.
1. The zymodeme and virulence of 31 Entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from asymptomatic human subjects in Calcutta, India are described. 2. Virulence was measured by the extent of lesion diameter (mm) induced by each isolate in the liver of golden hamsters and resistance of isolates to non-immune hamster sera in vitro. 3. Two nonpathogenic zymodemes, III (N = 17) and IV (N = 14), were detected among 31 isolates by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Most of the zymodeme III isolates were moderately to highly virulent while a quarter of the zymodeme IV were invasive although with low virulence. 4. The virulence of the isolates was found to have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.001) with their greater resistance to complement-mediated lysis. 5. The data suggest that the virulence of E. histolytica is probably not related to its zymodeme.
Animals↗
The effects of aortic reconstruction and collagen impregnation of Dacron prostheses on the complement system.
Complement activation has been associated with numerous clinical hazards such as platelet aggregation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and renal dysfunction. The complement system is activated by exposure of different biomaterials to blood. Recently a watertight knitted Dacron aortic prosthesis impregnated with bovine collagen has been developed. One potential disadvantage is that this bovine collagen may activate the complement system and evoke the production of inflammatory mediators. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to study the systemic effects of collagen-impregnated prostheses and of aortic surgery with implantation of Dacron prosthesis on the complement system in the perioperative period and at 3 months after operation. Forty-one patients randomly received either a collagen-impregnated (n = 20) or a nonimpregnated prosthesis (n = 21). Twelve patients who had cholecystectomy served as controls. CH50 consumption and C3a generation were determined to study overall complement activation. Furthermore, C3a/C3 fractions were calculated. Finally, C4 and factor B consumption were determined to evaluate the complement stimulation via the classic and the alternative pathways, respectively. We found significant activation of the complement system during the operation in both the collagen group (CH50 consumption: 40%, p = 0.03; C4 consumption: 74%, p < 0.0001; factor B consumption: 73%, p < 0.0001; C3a/C3 fraction increase: 173%,p = 0.04), and the nonimpregnated group (CH50 consumption: 40%, p < 0.0001; C4 consumption: 71%, p < 0.0001; factor B consumption: 76%, p < 0.0001; C3a/C3 fraction increase: 165%, p = 0.025), with no statistically significant differences between the groups of prostheses. Activation was initiated via both the classic and the alternative pathway. This indicates aortic implantation significantly activates the complement system, but that collagen-impregnated prostheses do not stimulate the complement system any more than its nonsealed substrate. Comparing results in patients with vascular disease with controls, a significantly increased complement activation was observed in the vascular group (CH50 consumption: 40%, p < 0.0001; C4 consumption: 74%, p < 0.0001; factor B consumption: 75%, p < 0.0001; C3a/C3 fraction: 169%, p = 0.002), compared with the controls (CH50 consumption: 71%; C4 consumption: 104%; factor B consumption: 94%; C3a/C3 fraction: 119%, all p = NS), with statistical significant differences between the vascular group and cholecystectomies (CH50: p = 0.005; C4: p = 0.002; factor B: p < 0.0001, and C3a/C3 fraction: NS). This observation demonstrates that aortic surgery with the implantation of a Dacron prosthesis significantly activates the complement system.
Adult↗
[Polypeptides p14 and p31 of the African swine fever virus--early proteins located on the membrane of the infected cell].
African swine fever virus polypeptides p14 and p31 are synthesized in the presence of phosphonacetic acid which inhibits viral DNA replication, and therefore they are early viral proteins. These polypeptides were found to be localized on plasma membranes by immunofluorescence with monospecific antisera and monoclonal antibodies and by selective solubilization of infected cells. The p14-specific antibodies mediate complement-dependent cytolysis and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of the cells infected with African swine fever virus.
African Swine Fever↗
[Immune reactions to the African swine fever virus].
Host immune reactions to African swine fever virus variants differing in their virulence were studied comparatively. Their obvious variabilities in antibody induction to some polypeptides active in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were demonstrated. T-helpers of immune pig splenocytes were found to recognize the cells infected with avirulent but not virulent virus variants. The described differences were not connected with the changes in SLA-1 antigen expression in the infected cells but correlated with induction of host resistance, chronic or acute course of the disease with fatal outcome.
African Swine Fever↗
[Specificity of "combi-effect" after xenogenic discordant heart-lung transplantation].
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the "Combi-Effect" is specific for the transplanted lung tissue or not. METHOD: In a Guinea-pig to rat model we compared the heterotopic heart-lung transplantation (HLTx, n = 5) with a second heart transplantation (DHTx, n = 5) and a combined heart-kidney transplantation (HKTx, n = 5). Apart from the heart transplant survival time we determined the concentrations of histamine, CH-50, IgG, IgM, leucocytes and thrombocytes in the blood. At time of rejection all tissues were examined histologically and immunohistologically (ED-11, IgG, IgM, OX-39, W3-13, ED-1, NKR-P1, OX-19). RESULTS: We could achieve a significant prolongation of the heart transplant survival time by combined HLTx compared to HTx (25' to 12', p < 0.01). DHTx showed no effect (7' 53" to 11' 27"). But after HKTx the cardiac survival was even longer than after HTx and HLTx (62.8' to 12' and 25', p < 0.01). CH-50 showed significant lower concentrations after HLTx (180 U/l) and HKTx (178 U/l) than after HTx (260 U/l). Thrombocytes and leucocytes were lower, concentration of histamine higher than after HTx (p < 0.01). Immunohistologically C3 revealed a lower deposition in the rejected heart transplants after combined HLTx/HKTx than after isolated HTx. CONCLUSION: The "Combi-Effect" is stronger after HKTx than after HLTx. He is not specific for the lung tissue.
Animals↗
[The effect of repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on hepatic function and immunological system].
BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is known as a useful and safe anesthetic because of its properties of fast uptake and elimination at the lungs and of no effects on hepatic function. In this study we examined the effect of repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on hepatic function and immunological system. METHODS: Eight patients (ASA, PS 2 or 3) received sevoflurane anesthesia three times in 6 months. Six patients had emergency operation for injuries. Aspirate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and complements (CH50, C3, C4) were measured prior to anesthesia, and 1, 7 and 14 days after anesthesia. RESULTS: The values of AST and ALT were high prior to anesthesia at the first anesthesia. However, these were of no significant changes. CH50, C3, C4 increased significantly after the first anesthesia. However, there were no significant changes of these complements after the second and the third anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sevoflurane is not likely to provide adverse effects on the liver and to suppress the production of complements accompanied by the surgical stress.
Adolescent↗
Ethanol and complement hemolytic activity of selectively bred hypercholinergic rats.
Depression and alcoholism are associated with impaired immune responses. Complement proteins and fragments participate in the induction and modulation of both specific and non-specific immune reactions. This study examined the effect of prolonged ethanol ingestion on complement CH50 levels in two strains of rats, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) and the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), that differ in cholinergic sensitivity and depressive tendencies. Chronic ethanol exposure given as either the source of drinking fluid or as a liquid diet had a significant inhibition on mean CH50 unit responses in both FSL (41-48%) and FRL (23-24%) rats. The difference in group response to ethanol was confirmed by a significant interaction of ethanol treatment versus group in the two-way ANOVA. The FSL rats appear to be more easily affected than FRLs. Genetic differences in the neurotransmitter systems, therefore, may play a role in susceptibility to immunosuppression resulting from ethanol exposure.
Alcoholism↗