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A midwestern perspective: the development of community care networks.

One of the most significant public misconceptions today is that we have a health care system in the United States. For those of us in the industry, we know we have a hospital system, a public health system, a physician system, a financing system, an insurance system and many other systems. But all of these separate systems have not created a health care system--a system of care that is seamless, coordinated and accountable for cost and outcomes.

Community Networks↗

Development of community psychiatry in Bosnia-Herzegovina with focus on support from Sweden.

The mental health reform basically means a movement of patients from the former institutions into the society. The driving forces have been human rights and economical reasons. In Bosnia-Hercegovina the war became a starting point for the mental health reform. With support from major international organisations such as WHO, The World Bank and Unicef and minor NGOs such as SweBiH, and HNI Bosnia-Hercegovina has done a remarkable progress in a few years time. SweBiH has co-operated with HNI and focused on training of personnel from different professions during four years and examples are given. The future support might be a Training Centre for Community Psychiatry in Sarajevo. SweBiH plans to continue with support of sustainable research activities.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

What we know and how we know it: contributions from nursing to women's health research and scholarship.

In this first chapter, we trace the historical roots of nursing research and scholarship focused on protecting and promoting women's health. Beginning with Florence Nightingale, modern nursing's first researcher, who focused on the health impact of women's daily lives through her detailed observations of human behavior. More recently, nursing's contributions to women's health over the past 30 years have redefined women's health, proposed new frameworks for understanding women's health; provided reviews of the women's health literature across disciplines; developed communities of nurse scholars and researchers focused on new areas of women's health research; generated and expanded the knowledge base for women's health practice and education; promoted a global view of women's health; and proposed new models for women's health care delivery. Clearly, a community of nursing scholars, developed over the past 25 years, has contributed to advancing women's health knowledge and improving the health and well-being of women. Without the benefit of a crystal ball, we suggest that nursing will continue to provide leadership in the conduct and the application of research to improve women's health and women's lives.

Female↗

The development of community water supplies in Ghana.

Ghana, with a population of 6 700 000, largely distributed in rural districts, is representative of many a country where the problem of water supply is associated with the construction of numerous small supplies for the villages and towns scattered over the whole area. This paper gives a general impression of the various methods in use for tackling the problem. Well-sinking, drilling, and pond-digging, and the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of methods, are described, and the problems met with under different geological conditions are considered. Details of the various systems for pumping the water from the source to the villages and towns are given. The important question of standardization, both in design and equipment, is dealt with, and reference is made to the operation of supplies and to the training of operatives.

Environment↗