Conflicting cultural attitudes about autopsies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Attitude to Death↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Christian Science”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Testing the null hypothesis of the nonexistence of a preseizure state.
A rapidly growing number of studies deals with the prediction of epileptic seizures. For this purpose, various techniques derived from linear and nonlinear time series analysis have been applied to the electroencephalogram of epilepsy patients. In none of these works, however, the performance of the seizure prediction statistics is tested against a null hypothesis, an otherwise ubiquitous concept in science. In consequence, the evaluation of the reported performance values is problematic. Here, we propose the technique of seizure time surrogates based on a Monte Carlo simulation to remedy this deficit.
Biophysical Phenomena↗
Aging, meaning, and well-being: musings of a cultural historian.
The social integration and well-being of old people depends in part on a culturally viable ideal of old age. Growing out of widely shared images and social values, an ideal old age legitimates norms and roles appropriate to the last stage of life. This article discusses the "late Calvinist" and "civilized" models of old age that flourished in Protestant, middle-class America between 1800 and 1920. It argues that the growing cultural dominance of science and the accelerating pace of capitalist productivity undercut the essential vision underlying these models: the view of life as a spiritual journey. The result has been a serious weakening of social meaning in aging and old age.
Aging↗
Equipment and water treatment considerations for the provision of quotidian home hemodialysis.
BACKGROUND: Whereas clinical benefits of more frequent hemodialysis (HD) treatment are well documented, little information is available about technical aspects involved in setting up a patient's home for home HD. Technical considerations include the home infrastructure, as well as required plumbing modifications and electrical hook-ups. METHODS: Twenty home HD installations were supported for the London Daily/Nocturnal Hemodialysis Study. The Fresenius 2008H (Fresenius Medical Care, North America, Lexington, MA) HD machine was used for all home HD installations in conjunction with a Service Deionization Tank (SDI) water treatment system composed of pretreatment, purification, and posttreatment components. To ensure that SDI systems provided high-quality water and dialysate, standard bacteriological testing was performed throughout the study, and patient serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were tracked as an indicator of nonspecific inflammation. RESULTS: The annual number of hours of work required for each home HD installation and service/maintenance was approximately 75 and 58 hours, respectively. Water quality proved high because there were only 4 occurrences of failed endotoxin and bacterial tests; all were subsequently retested and provided satisfactory results. Serum CRP levels showed no significant difference comparing home HD patients with conventional in-center HD control patients. CONCLUSION: Although support of 20 home HD installations was economically feasible within the constraints of the London Health Sciences Centre Department of Biomedical Engineering, resources were strained by the final year of the study. This suggests that any sustained growth beyond the current study design may require a review of staffing, resources, and model of service delivery needs.
Adult↗
Research ethics: challenges in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
The foundations of ethical principles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region can be found within the 3 major religions of the Region; Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Today, there are numerous ethical issues that have emerged as result of the technological advances of the 20th century and this paper addresses some of those related to biomedical research. The Islamic principles in relation to medicine and biomedical research are described, and in particular research involving human subjects. The paper also outlines the endeavours being made by the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences to address such issues and draw up recommendations and rulings.
Abortion, Legal↗
Teleconsultation practice guidelines: report from G8 Global Health Applications Subproject 4.
This report presents a series of recommendations derived from deliberations of the G8 countries Subproject 4 Group (SP4 Group) of the Global Health Care Applications Project entitled, A Teleconsultation Practice Guideline. The recommendations provide an initial step toward developing a general guideline platform for the practice of telemedicine/teleconsultation.
Computer Security↗
Implications of pharmacogenetics for individualizing drug treatment and for study design.
Adverse drug reactions and ineffective drug treatment are responsible for a large health care burden. Considerable variability in drug response makes the prediction of the individual reaction difficult. Pharmacogenetics can help to individualize drug treatment in accordance with the genetic make-up of the patient. Drug response is best understood as a complex interplay between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and other disease-associated factors. There are a large number of genetic variants in the enzymes of phase I and phase II drug metabolism, in drug transporters, and drug targets, all of which account for differences in drug response. The polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 enzyme system have been investigated most extensively. Genotype-based dose adjustment which should ensure "bioequivalent" drug concentrations in all patients has been derived from pharmacokinetic parameters, but this approach will have to be verified in prospective studies. Drug transport has recently been recognized as a further crucial determinant in pharmacokinetics. The effect of genetics on disease susceptibility and drug treatment has been studied quite extensively; however, hardly any of this progress is at present reflected in routine health care. The integration of pharmacogenetic factors in clinical trials requires novel considerations for study design and data interpretation. It is to be hoped that the new science bioinformatics will (a) help us identify the contribution of genetics to disease and treatment response and will (b) create data-processing devices which help the physician in the face of the enormously expanding scientific knowledge in selecting the best individually adapted treatment for the patient.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
Christian Andreas Doppler--the man and his legacy.
AIMS: Reminding the life and legacy of the Austrian Scientist who discovered the famous 'Doppler Effect'. METHODS AND RESULTS: C.A. Doppler was born the 29th of November 1803 in Salzburg. After studies in Linz and Vienna, he graduated in mathematics, became assistant at the University and later worked as a professor in Prague. Back to Vienna, he was appointed as professor at the Polytechnic School and --in 1850--as first director of the new Institute of Physics. C.A. Doppler did publish on magnetism, electricity, optics, and astronomy. He remains in the history of science due to the discovery presented (May 25, 1842) at the Royal Bohemian Society of Science entitled "On the colored light of the double stars and certain other stars of the heavens"; the paper described (applied to light) the shift of frequency which bears nowadays his name. The theory was later experimentally proven and--extended for any electromagnetic and acoustic waves--got myriads if applications in astronomy, physics, aviation, meteorology, and health science. Satomura in Japan (1955) published it's first ultrasound vascular application--with successive achievements in the next decades. CONCLUSION: Doppler ultrasonagraphy became the main noninvasive instrument for functional assesment of heart and vessels.
Austria↗
Norms and narratives: religious reflections on the human cloning controversy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Advisory Committees↗
Have PhD, will travel.
This autobiography contains some of the clinical and research highlights of my career in the context of my personal odyssey and my appreciation of science as a potential check on political and economic forces in psychology. Typically, my research arose from clinical problems encountered at work and from my disinclination to rely on methods that lacked prior demonstrated validity for the type of problem and client in question. Otherwise, I feared my recommendations were no better than those based on common prejudices and biases, which I encountered throughout my work life as a dark-skinned, outspoken, non-Christian from the Bronx.
Aged↗
Human genetics: where do we stand?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Medical progress and the human soul.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Abortion, Induced↗
Epigenesis and dynamic similarity in two regulatory networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Mucoidy and cytotoxicity arise from two independent modifications of the phenotype of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contribute to the mortality and morbidity of cystic fibrosis. We show that, even though the transcriptional regulatory networks controlling both processes are quite different from a molecular or mechanistic point of view, they may be identical from a dynamic point of view: epigenesis may in both cases be the cause of the acquisition of these new phenotypes. This was highlighted by the identity of formal graphs modelling these networks. A mathematical framework based on formal methods from computer science was defined and implemented with a software environment. It allows an easy and rigorous validation and certification of these models and of the experimental methods that can be proposed to falsify or validate the underlying hypothesis.
Epigenesis, Genetic↗
Intrapair comparisons of total life span in twins and pairs of sibs.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Medicine and religion: spiritual dimension of health care.
The author probes into the origin of medicine and illuminates how religion took an essential part in the birth of ancient medicine in both East and West. In the modern age, medicine as science continues to attain a high level of progress. Yet simultaneously, medicine interacts with the spiritual and religious realm of the human mind. The hospice movement, started by Cecily Saunders in 1967, strongly encouraged this tendency, and now spiritual care is acquiring much importance in global medicine.
Attitude to Death↗
Sir William Dunn (1833-1912): the man, his trust and his legacy to science and medicine.
William Dunn had no direct connections with medicine. He belonged to that Victorian generation of Scottish pioneers who went overseas to make their fortunes and, yet, devoted their money to numerous charitable purposes, mainly at home in the UK. His family origins were modest; born in Paisley, near Glasgow on 1 September 1833, he died in 1912 with an estate valued at 1.3 million pounds sterling. His fortune was made from a large worldwide trading empire with roots in South Africa, where he emigrated as a young man of 19--but later controlled from London. In his will, dated 4 November 1908, the key clause was 'to advance the cause of Christianity, to benefit children and young people, to support hospitals and alleviate human suffering, to encourage education and promote emigration'. After making provision for about half the total, he left the remainder in the hands of trustees. They allotted about 120 small sums to hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages and like institutions, but then decided that larger projects would be more likely to be permanent memorials to Sir William. After consulting the President of the Royal Society, Sir William Hardy, and the Secretary of the Medical Research Committee, Sir Walter Fletcher, the trustees gave 210,000 pounds sterling in 1920 to Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins in biochemistry in Cambridge and 100,000 pounds sterling in 1922 to Professor Georges Dreyer in pathology in Oxford. Between them, these two laboratories have 'spawned' nine Nobel Prize winners. The 'alleviation of human suffering' achieved would surely have pleased Sir William and his trustees.
Biomedical Research↗