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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Longer eye contact improves ADHD children's compliance with parents' commands.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of eye contact in reducing ADHD children's problems with compliance. Seventy-six parents of ADHD boys between ages 5 and 10 were randomized into two treatment groups and a control group. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that, as hypothesized, eye contact was effective in reducing ADHD children's problems with non-compliance to their parents' commands. In addition, those parents who subsequently used a stare technique for 20 to 30 seconds following the command reported even greater reduction in problems with compliance. It is possible that the additional time following the command allows the child to process the situation and decide whether compliance or non-compliance is the better option. It is a parent that parent - training programs should consider the inclusion of this technique in their treatment paradigms.

Attention↗
PubMed2006

Internalizing behaviors in 4-year-old children exposed in utero to psychotropic medications.

OBJECTIVE: Internalizing behaviors in children between 4 and 5 years of age who had been prenatally exposed to psychotropic medications were investigated. The authors had previously reported the effects of prenatal medication exposure in this same cohort when they were newborns and infants at 3 and 8 months of age. METHOD: Parental/teacher reports and a clinical measure of mother and child interactions were used to assess levels of internalizing behaviors (e.g., depression, anxiety, withdrawal). Outcomes were compared between children with prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure (N=22) and nonexposed children of healthy, nondepressed, nonmedicated mothers (N=14). Measures of maternal mood were obtained. Ordered logistic regressions, independent-sample t tests, and univariate ANOVAs were used to compare outcomes between groups. Pearson correlations were used to determine associations between maternal mood and child behaviors. RESULTS: Levels of internalizing behaviors did not differ significantly between children with prenatal psychotropic medication exposure and those not exposed. However, as symptoms of maternal anxiety and depression increased, so did reported internalizing behaviors in their children. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications was not associated with increased reports of internalizing behaviors at 4 years of age, whereas impaired maternal mood did have an identified impact on child behavior. Further study of complex associations between maternal psychiatric disorders, prenatal SSRI exposure, and childhood internalizing behaviors is required to understand if the child outcome is affected by the illness, medications, or a combination of both.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of maternal mental retardation and poverty on intellectual, academic, and behavioral status of school-age children.

The impact of low maternal IQ and poverty was examined through comparison of 27 school-age children of mothers with mild mental retardation to 25 similarly impoverished children of mothers without mental retardation. The children whose mothers had mental retardation had lower IQs and academic achievement and more behavior problems. Not one child with a mother who had mental retardation was problem-free. Boys were affected more severely than were girls. Quality of the home environment and maternal social supports were lower in the group with maternal mental retardation; both measures were negatively correlated with child behavior disorders. Results suggest that being raised by a mother with mental retardation can have detrimental effects on child development that cannot be attributed to poverty alone.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Family functioning and peer affiliation in children of fathers with antisocial personality disorder and substance dependence: associations with problem behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Family functioning and peer influences are theoretically linked to child psychopathology. This study quantified the functional status of families with fathers with substance dependence with or without comorbid antisocial personality disorder and evaluated the peer environments of preadolescent offspring. The authors examined associations between the child's psychopathology, paternal substance dependence/antisocial personality disorder status, and measures of family and peer environments. METHOD: Families with the presence or absence of paternal substance dependence were subdivided into those with and without paternal antisocial personality disorder. Grouped families were contrasted on measures of family functioning, the child's peer affiliation, and the child's problem behaviors. Regression analysis determined the influence of these factors on the child's psychopathology. RESULTS: Families with paternal substance dependence functioned worse than normal comparison families. However, families with paternal substance dependence and antisocial personality disorder (N=34) did not differ markedly from those with substance dependence without antisocial personality disorder (N=84). The children of fathers with both substance dependence and antisocial personality disorder had greater affiliation with deviant peers than those with substance dependence without antisocial personality disorder and comparison families (N=104). CONCLUSIONS: Children of fathers with substance dependence and antisocial personality disorder demonstrated higher externalizing and internalizing psychopathology than those with substance dependence but not antisocial personality disorder and those without either condition. Paternal substance dependence/antisocial personality disorder status and the child's affiliation with deviant peers were most robustly associated with the child's psychopathology. Research is needed to develop interventions that effectively address parental risk and healthy peer relations.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral inhibition and disinhibition as hypothesized precursors to psychopathology: implications for pediatric bipolar disorder.

Attention has been devoted over the past two decades to the identification of temperamental risk factors for child psychopathology. These qualities, evident in toddlerhood or earlier, have the advantage of being measurable in standardized laboratory observations well before children reach the age of onset or diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Our group's programmatic research over the past 15 years, and that of others, has provided evidence linking "behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" in toddlerhood or early childhood with later social anxiety disorder. In addition, recent results by our group have suggested that "behavioral disinhibition" in early childhood, measured by the same laboratory methods, may be linked with later disruptive behavior and comorbid mood disorders. In this article, we discuss our approach to the study of temperamental precursors to disorders in high-risk children, summarize the literature linking behavioral inhibition and disinhibition to later psychopathology, and suggest directions to take in applying this methodology to the search for temperamental precursors to pediatric bipolar disorder.

Adolescent↗