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Results for “Ceremonial Behavior”

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PubMed1975

Social sanctions and rituals as a basis for drug abuse prevention.

This paper will report on preliminary findings of an on-going study of "controlled" use of marihuana, psychedelics, and opiates which point to the possibility of minimizing the social costs of illicit drug use via social control. This study, sponsored by The Drug Abuse Council, Inc., a non-profit private foundation, shows that despite the lack of larger cultural support for controlled illicit drug use and other obstacles, users are able to develop and maintain moderate, long-term, nonabusive, i.e., controlled, drug-using patterns. We will show that these patterns are primarily supported by the development of social drug-using situations in which sanctions and rituals permit use while condemning abuse. In the discussion, we will compare the management of controlled use in our sample to the larger culture's handling of alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The rules of drug taking: wine and poppy derivatives in the ancient world. VI. Poppies as a source of food and drug.

Poppies were widely used during antiquity as a source of food, therapeutics, and poisons. It is likely that the alimentary value of poppy seeds was known in the Neolithic age, and there is some evidence that the neuropsychopharmacological effects of poppy juice were exploited during the Minoan civilization in the eastern Mediterranean basin. The Minoan civilization dates the attribution to poppies of symbolic meanings connected with rites of agricultural fertility. The persistence throughout antiquity of this symbolism is testified by literary and iconographic evidence of the attribution of poppies to goddesses of fertility, such as Demeter, Aphrodite, and Ceres.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed2001

The end of the sacred ritual of anatomy.

The positivist histories of anatomy that we currently have give very little account of the nature of the anatomical demonstration of the middle ages and early modern period. I propose here that it is helpful to look at the anatomical demonstration as a ritual, as well as a teaching event. Moreover, I propose that the ritual had sacred purposes, in that it was dedicated to celebrating the providence and workmanship of God in the high point of His creation, the body of man. Finally I give some account of the conditions under which this sacred ritual of anatomy lost its functions with the coming of the modern era.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

Supernatural beliefs, natural kinds, and conceptual structure.

This article presents cross-cultural evidence in support of the notion that adults' natural kind concepts are theory based but may be informed by knowledge/belief systems other than the biological. Three groups of subjects from western Nigeria--rural, urban, and elite--participated in the study. Subjects heard stories describing alterations of appearance; that is, one natural kind was made to resemble another in both ritual and nonritual contexts. Subjects then were required to judge the identity of the altered item and to give an explanation for the category judgment. It was predicted that subjects would make more nonpreservation-of-identity category judgments supported by supernatural explanations in the ritual contexts and that subjects' use of supernatural explanations would reflect the extent of their engagement with the supernatural. The first prediction was borne out; the second prediction was only partially supported. Discussion of the results emphasizes the importance of exploring the role of sociocultural factors in conceptual structure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconsidering rituals: a vehicle for educational change.

Rituals continue to be a component of nursing practice. Their origins may be related to the historical antecedents of physician domination, the experience of sacred events such as birth and death, and an unconscious need of nurses not purely explained by logic. Educators will be most able to promote changes in practice by incorporating the meaning of ritual in educational programs through discussing issues and interacting with nurses on an individual basis as they master new practice techniques. It is essential that educators become one with the environments of nurses so an understanding of context and values can impact educational strategy and reform nursing practice.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaming with students and a Sacred Cow Contest to make changes in nursing practice.

Many current nursing traditions and practices were developed over time by nurses who used a trial and error method of research. Nursing has passed along these practices through nursing education programs and in the policies and procedures established by hospitals. Do these practices have sound scientific principles behind their use, or are they just traditions that are difficult to change? This article explores the experience of one educator trying to make changes in the attitudes of students toward research and suggests how this process can be applied in the day-to-day practice of staff nurses.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Assessing child abuse: the TRIADS checklist.

Although all types of abuse injure children, psychological abuse is most elusive and damaging on many levels, particularly levels of attachment, affective development, and the evolution of empathetic capacities that allow a child to receive and transmit, in an appropriate manner, emotional information between people. Some think that this type of psychological abuse coupled with neglect and perhaps early physical abuse impairs the child's total capacity to respond emotionally (Brothers, 1989). Essentially, empathy is a matter of a complex informational processing activity. Alexithymia, an inability to perceive the emotions of others, has been linked in primate studies to deprivation (Sackette, 1966). This awareness of the impact of environmental factors on the development of critical emotional and ultimately interpersonal regulating mechanisms underscores the need to attend to all aspects of child abuse.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Therapeutic ritual. Helping families grow.

1. Family development can be inhibited by lack of social or family rituals to facilitate life cycle transitions. Therapeutic rituals can be used to help families mobilize their resources for healing, growth, and change. 2. A therapeutic ritual can help a family to resolve conflicts and resentments, to negotiate new roles and relational boundaries, and to develop new shared meanings among its members about their ongoing life together. 3. The success of a therapeutic intervention is influenced by the nurse-therapist's understanding of the family's culture, values, and needs, as well as familiarity with the directive nature of strategic therapy concepts on which therapeutic rituals are based.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed2000

Controversies and challenges of ritual abuse.

Children who have survived ritual abuse have endured physical, psychological, and sexual trauma; brain-washing; and mind-altering drugs. Their trust in adults has been eroded. Their coping strategies include anxiety, denial, self-hypnosis, dissociation, and self-mutilation. Although reports of ritual abuse initially seem hard to believe, nurses have a responsibility to detect clues to abuse, diagnose the child's responses, and recognize controversial issues regarding ritual abuse. To evaluate ritual abuse, nurses should avoid interview strategies that influence the child's recall (e.g., coaching, suggestions) and recognize that some reports are discounted as false memories because they emerge from fantasy, distortions, innocent deceptions, false beliefs, lies, or adult coaching. Nurses play an important role in case finding and treatment. They can evaluate clues to ritual abuse to reduce sources of error in assessment, build a child's trust, monitor their own attitudes toward ritual abuse, and intervene to increase self-esteem, empathy, boundary establishment, and coping. Nurses have an important opportunity to detect and begin healing the wounds caused by a child's abuse.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed2004

Cultural health practices of South African Vatsonga people on the home care of children with measles.

The purpose of this research study was to identify the cultural health practices of the Vatsonga in relation to the home care of children with measles. It was undertaken in the Giyani District of the Limpopo Province, in the Republic of South Africa. The qualitative, explorative and contextual design was used to conduct this project. Data was collected from nine key informants and nineteen general informants. Data was collected using individual interviews with key-informants and focus group interviews with general informants. Observations were also made. The findings revealed that the Vatsonga still provide home care for children with measles. Those who care for the sick children are women--either the mother of the sick child or an elderly woman with knowledge of the disease. There are different cultural practices that the Vatsonga observe when there is a child suffering from measles. These include isolation of the child, restriction of sexual intercourse, giving of a milk diet to the sick child and performance of a cultural ceremony at the resolution of the disease. Similarities and differences between hospital and home-based care were identified. Recommendations were made using Leininger's three modes of decision making as explained in the Sunrise Model, which include the following: cultural care preservation of maintenance; cultural care accommodation or negotiation; cultural care repatterning or restructuring.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family routines and rituals: a context for occupational therapy interventions.

PURPOSE: This paper explores the importance of family daily routines and rituals for the family's functioning and sense of identity. METHODS: The findings of this paper are derived from an analysis of the morning routines of 40 families with children with disabilities in the United States and Canada. The participants lived in urban and rural areas. Forty of the 49 participants were mothers and the majority of the families were of European descent. Between one and four interviews were conducted with each participant. Topics included the family's story, daily routines, and particular occupations. Data on the morning routines of the families were analyzed for order and affective and symbolic meaning using a narrative approach. FINDINGS: The findings are presented as narratives of morning activities in five families. These narratives are examples for rituals, routines, and the absence of a routine. Rituals are discussed in terms of their affective and symbolic qualities, routines are discussed in terms of the order they give to family life, whereas the lack of family routine is discussed in terms of lack of order in the family. CONCLUSIONS: Family routines and rituals are organizational and meaning systems that may affect family's ability to adapt them.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

The changing 'shape' of the nursing station.

The Nursing Station is a puzzling structure fulfilling a variety of roles throughout the day. At times, it resembles a communal market place with staff standing around chatting. Yet, once a shift commences, regulatory characteristics emerge to control a person's entry and exit from the ward, by ensuring that they have an authentic reason for being there. This paper juxtaposes the role of the Nursing Station with Strauss et al.'s (1964) notion of shape. In this way, is intended to examine in detail how the Nursing Station can influence the normal and natural flow of work within a ward.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

The evening tea break ritual--a case study.

Many nursing scholars, such as Carter (1990), Ford and Walsh (1994), Huey (1986), James (1990), Thomlinson (1990), Larson (1987), Rush et al (1990), Spiller (1992), Street (1990a,b; 1992a,b,c,d), Lawrence (1996), Walker (1967), Walsh and Ford (1989 a,b,c,d; 1991 a,b), have examined the effects of rituals in nursing practice, and have argued for a need to scrutinise these ritual practices because of their negative effect on patients. Other scholars, such as Holland (1993) and Biley and Wright (1997), have argued that these rituals have meanings for nurses. Street (1992c) has argued that rituals are resilient in nursing practice. In order to identify the factors that contribute to rituals' resilience, there is a need to understand their meanings and effects on nurses, and how nurses keep them alive. This study has explored the meanings of the 'evening tea break' ritual to a group of nurses in a medical ward. The study has employed an ethnographic approach, and has found that the evening tea break ritual had affective effects on the participating nurses. It provides the time, space, the process and the environment for nurses to ventilate their feelings, to gain support from each other.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Transforming possibilities of care: Goan migrant motherhood in New Zealand.

Little is known about the maternity experiences of migrant mothers in Aotearoa/New Zealand--and in particular the ways in which women adapt and survive when separated from traditional postnatal practices and family support. This paper reports on a study of the maternity care experiences of women from Goa (India) in Auckland, New Zealand. Multiple research strategies were incorporated into the process to prevent reproduction of deficiency discourses. Interviews were carried out with Goan women who had experiences of migration and motherhood. The findings revealed that as a consequence of motherhood and migration, migrant mothers were able to reclaim and re-invent innovative solutions. Nurses and other health professionals can have a significant role in supporting women and their families undergoing the transition to parenthood in a new country and develop their knowledge and understanding of this dual transition.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗