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PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic assessment of the alveolar bone height in children and adolescents with familial dysautonomia.

PURPOSE: Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a progressive neuropathy, characterized by somatic and skeletal abnormalities, and by a variety of oral and diet disturbances. The purpose of the study was to assess the alveolar bone height at the molar areas of children and adolescents with FD. METHODS: The distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was measured on routine diagnostic bitewing radiographs of nine males and seven females with FD (mean age = 122 months) and in those of two matching groups (C1 = 119 months; C2 = 122 months). RESULTS: The mean values for the maxilla were significantly larger than those in the mandible. A positive significant correlation was found between the CEJ-ABC measurements of the primary and the permanent teeth, and between the CEJ-ABC measurements and age. The mean values per patient for the CEJ-ABC distances of the FD group were smaller than the control groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The CEJ-ABC measurements in the primary and the permanent molars were smaller in the FD group, and in the premolars and permanent cuspids they were larger than those in the two control groups. These differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found between the FD and the control groups in the primary cuspids. CONCLUSIONS: The alveolar bone height of children and adolescent with familial dysautonomia does not differ from that of healthy controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Radiographic findings of the so-called globulomaxillary cyst].

In definite diagnosis of this cyst, it is deemed that a comprehensive diagnosis is required including operative findings upon its extraction and the pathohistological findings of the extracted matter in addition to the radiographic and clinical findings, such as one that the region of development is between the maxillary lateral incisor and the cuspid, one that the adjacent teeth are vital ones, etc. Thus, we examined 10 cases that we had defined as the subjects of so-called Globulomaxillary cyst by clinical and pathohistological findings in terms of the developmental region, size, border, etc. As a result, the following things turned out: 1. The median positions of cystic development existed 8 cases in left side and 2 cases in right side out of 10 cases. And this median positions could be divided into those between the central incisor and the lateral incisor (5 cases) and those between the lateral incisor and the cuspid (5 cases). 2. The pathohistological findings led to the following classification; 2 cases with no inflammation, 5 cases with inflammation, and 3 cases with present inflammation in the past. The border line of cyst on radiographic findings tended to be relatively unclear in the cases with inflammation in the past.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1995

Radiographic diagnosis of the normal alveolar bone height in the primary dentition.

Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of marginal alveolar bone loss (ABL) in children and adolescent are often based on a single range of measurements from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC distance). For individual diagnosis however, the clinician must take in consideration that the CEJ-ABC distances in the primary dentition increase with age, and significantly differ among sites. The purpose of the present study is to present the range and cumulative probabilities of the CEJ-ABC distances, at the primary cuspid-molar area, to be utilized for the individual diagnosis of ABL on bite wing radiographs of the primary dentition. In bite-wing radiographs from 316 children aged 4 to 12 years, the normal CEJ-ABC distances were measured in 0.1 mm increments at 2007 sites; mesial surfaces of the primary molars, and distal surfaces of the primary molars and cuspids. A positive correlation was found between the mean CEJ-ABC distance per patient and age. Most of the measurements were < 2 mm, and measurements between 2 to 3 mm were found, in low percentages after age 9, at the distal surfaces of teeth 53, 63, 54, 64, 73 and 83 and the mesial surfaces of teeth 54, 64.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1995

The force requirements for tooth movement, Part I: Tipping and bodily movement.

Specific data on the relation between force and tooth movement is essential not only to facilitate non-traumatic orthodontic treatment but also to establish a sound basis for appliance design. Whilst the broad approaches to orthodontic tooth movement appear to be the application of tipping and/or bodily movement, no scientific comparison between these two types of movement has yet been made. This article describes experiments which repeat investigations of Storey and Smith into the relation between the force applied and the rate of tipping movement and their extension to include bodily movement. Twenty adolescent male patients requiring distal movement of upper cuspid teeth as a part of orthodontic treatment were each fitted with calibrated cuspid retraction springs. The appliances were designed to induce bodily movement on one side of the mouth concurrently with tipping movement on the other. Initial force applications were identical, and the experiments lasted for up to eleven weeks following one activation of the retraction springs. The results of these experiments were compared with those of other workers, and an explanation of the causes of the past controversy regarding various theories of tooth movement is offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Maxillary dental arch form related to voice classification: a pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated maxillary dental arch form dimensions and volume to determine if these parameters could be predictors for or related to voice classification. Nine white female professional singers ranging in age from 26 years to 53 years were studied. A maxillary dental impression and stone dental casts were made using standard dental procedures. Measurements were made from 10 points on each cast to determine the depth of the palate measured from first molar (depth A) and from first bicuspid (depth B), the width measured from cuspid-to-cuspid (width A) and from second molar to second molar (width B), and the length of the palate. An impression of the palatal arch of each cast was made to determine the volume of the palate using fluid displacement methods. Audio recordings were made for each subject, and based on speaking fundamental frequency, spectral analysis, voice profile, and tessitura confirmation, the actual voice classification of each subject in soprano, mezzo, and alto was achieved. Correlation and discriminant analysis tests were performed on the data. The discriminant analysis revealed that no single measurement is a predictor for voice classification. However, the discriminant analysis applied to the predictors depth A, depth B, and volume gives optimal results, ie, each subject was classified in her true group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Success and failure of banding and bonding. A clinical study.

A clinical study on the failure rate of 882 bands and 1194 directly bonded brackets placed on the teeth of 100 consecutively completed orthodontic patients treated with the Begg light wire technique showed an overall adhesion failure rate of 4.7%. This was significantly lower than the 7% recorded in a comparable study by Mizrahi in 1979 using only bands. The reduction was due primarily to a much lower failure rate of directly bonded brackets compared to bands on the maxillary cuspids and incisors. These results indicate that the lowest attachment failure rate during orthodontic treatment can be achieved by using bands on molars and bicuspids, directly bonded brackets on maxillary cuspids and incisors, and either on lower anterior teeth.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

Spaced dentition. An epidemiologic study.

This epidemiologic study deals with the incidence of spaced dentition in 1279 students between the ages of 12 and 18 years. The sample includes only those with a full complement of permanent teeth (third molars were not considered) and with no apparent etiological conditions that might lead to disruption of dental arch continuity. The sample was evenly divided by age and sex. Frequency of spaced dentition was high, occurring in 51.8% of males and in 45.5% of females. Prevalence was less in higher age groups, and the sexual dimorphism that was significant in the 14 YR-16 YR group was not found in the 16 YR-18 YR group. The mean number of spaces per subject was 6 +/- 4.3 for males and 5 +/- 3.7 for females, again displaying diminishing incidence with age and a concomitant absence of the sexual dimorphism in the highest age group. Spaces were found in both arches in 49.5% of the spaced dentitions, and in only the maxillary arch in 34.3%. Incidence of spacing in the mandibular arch alone was only 16.2%. In most subjects the spaces were distributed equally between the two quadrants of each arch. The most common sites and largest space widths in either dental arch were found between cuspids and the first bicuspids and between cuspids and lateral incisors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Long-term dental arch changes after rapid maxillary expansion treatment: a systematic review.

This systematic review evaluates long-term dental arch changes after rapid maxillary expansion treatment on orthodontic patients with constricted arches. Clinical trials that assessed dental arch changes through measurements on dental casts or cephalometric radiographs were selected. No patients with surgical or other simultaneous treatment during the active expansion period were accepted. Electronic databases were searched with the help of a senior Health Sciences librarian. Original articles were retrieved from the selected abstracts, and their references were also scanned for possible missing articles. Forty-one articles met the initial inclusion criteria, but 35 were later rejected because they lacked a control group or only evaluated dental changes or used a semirapid technique. Some of them also lacked a reported measurement error. From the remaining articles, two did not report a long-term evaluation. From the final four articles, two measured changes through dental casts and two assessed changes through radiographs (one through lateral cephalometric radiographs and one through posteroanterior radiographs). Similar maxillary molar and cuspid expansion could be found in adolescents and young adults. Significantly less indirect mandibular molar and cuspid expansion was attained in young adults compared with adolescents. A significant overall gain in the maxillary and mandibular arch perimeter was found in adolescents. More transverse dental arch changes were found after puberty as compared with before, but the difference may not be clinically significant. No anteroposterior dental changes were found on lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Automorphic L-functions of half-integral weight.

We describe a theory of Whittaker models and L-functions for irreducible representations of a metaplectic covering group of GL(2). We explain how to use these L-functions to establish an arithmetical correspondence between "genuine" cuspidal representations of the metaplectic group and cuspidal representations of GL(2). When our ground field is Q, this correspondence generalizes and reformulates recent results of G. Shimura [(1973) Ann. Math. 97, 440-481]. A crucial role in our theory is played by what we call "exceptional" cusp forms-those that are completely determined by just one Fourier coefficient.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Influence of optimal and excluded oral hygiene on early formation of dental plaque on plastic films. A quantitative and descriptive light and electron microscopic study.

The influence of oral hygiene on early plaque formation has been studied. The amount and structure of dental deposits formed on plastic films were determined at two occasions with or without a preceding period of effective oral hygiene. Six human subjects developed plaque during 4 hours on plastic films applied to the buccal surfaces of premolars and cuspids. The plastic films with adhering deposits were processed for electron microscopy. In presence of healthy gingiva, the plastic films were covered by a surface coating of acellular material in or on which bacteria, epithelial cells and leukocytes were observed. The microorganisms were almost exclusively Gram-positive cocci. When plaque formation was preceded by a week of excluded oral hygiene, the deposits collected on the same teeth exhibited a threefold increase in the number of bacteria. The relative composition of the flora was altered, as evidenced by a higher number of Gram-negative cells as well as the occurrence of rods and filamentous organisms. The results indicate that neglect of oral hygiene favors an earlier establishment of a complex bacterial flora at the dento-gingival region of the buccal surfaces of premolars and cuspids.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. III. Single versus repeated instrumentation.

Healing events following nonsurgical periodontal therapy were studied, comparing the effect of a single initial instrumentation to the effect of 3 instrumentations, each separated by 3 months. Incisors, cuspids and premolars with periodontal pockets up to 11 mm deep in 13 patients were treated by plaque control and supra- and subgingival debridement using ultrasonic instruments. A split mouth approach was used to compare the 2 frequencies of instrumentation. The results were evaluated by recording of plaque scores, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. A gradual and marked improvement of the periodontal conditions took place during the initial 9 months following start of therapy. During the remaining 15 months of the 24-month experimental period no further changes of the recorded parameters were noted. No differences in results could be observed when comparing the effects of a single versus repeated instrumentation. Thus, it appears that deep periodontal pockets in incisors, cuspids and premolars may be successfully treated by plaque control and 1 episode of instrumentation. The results also suggest that recurrence of disease due to subgingival recolonization by microorganisms during the healing phase may not be a major clinical problem.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (IV). Operator variability.

Healing following non-surgical periodontal therapy was studied and the results of instrumentation performed by 6 operators compared. Incisors, cuspids and premolars with periodontal pockets up to 11 mm deep in 20 patients were treated by plaque control and a single episode of supra- and subgingival debridement. A split-mouth approach was used to compare the participating therapists. The effects of the therapy were monitored using changes in plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level. Marked improvement, similar to that seen in previous studies evaluating non-surgical therapy was noted during the initial 6-9 months. No further changes of the recorded parameters could be observed during the rest of the 24-month observation period. Differences between sites treated by the various operators were negligible. Thus, it appears, that deep periodontal pockets in incisors, cuspids and premolars may be successfully treated by plaque control and 1 episode of instrumentation and that operator variability may be limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Periodontal health of 14-17-year-old US schoolchildren.

This paper describes the findings related to periodontal health in 14-17-year-old children who participated in the National Survey of Oral Health in US Schoolchildren, conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) during 1986-87. Gingivitis was observed in approximately 60 percent of children in this age group. The proportion of examined sites per child with gingivitis, however, was less than 6 percent. Gingivitis was most common in molar areas in the maxilla and incisor areas in the mandible. Supragingival calculus was observed in nearly 34 percent of the children, and subgingival calculus in approximately 23 percent. The proportion of teeth per child with calculus was approximately 8 percent for supragingival and 4 percent for subgingival calculus. Both types of calculus showed a predilection for molars in the maxilla and incisors and cuspids in the mandible. The mean periodontal attachment loss was 0.33 mm. The teeth most frequently affected by attachment loss of 2 mm or more were maxillary molars and bicuspids, followed by mandibular molars and cuspids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Seasonal dynamics of dental sexual dimorphism in the Atlantic stingray Dasyatis sabina

Cartilaginous fishes continuously replace their teeth throughout their life (polyphyodonty) and often show a sexually dimorphic dentition that was previously thought to be an invariant sex character. Radial vector analysis of tooth shape in the polyphyodontic stingray Dasyatis sabina across a consecutive 24 month period shows a stable molariform morphology for females but a periodic shift in male dentition from a female-like molariform to a recurved cuspidate form during the reproductive season. The grip tenacity of the male dentition is greater for the cuspidate form that occurs during the mating season than for the molariform dentition that occurs during the non-mating season. Dental sexual dimorphism and its sex-dependent temporal plasticity probably evolved via polyphyodontic preadaptation under selective pressures on both sexes for increased feeding efficiency and sexual selection in males to maximize mating success. These phenomena are important considerations for the identification and classification of cartilaginous fishes and possibly other polyphyodontic vertebrates in the fossil record.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Histologic evaluation of periodontal implants in a biologically "closed" model.

To study the biologic response, three commercial calcium phosphate implant materials (Calcitite, Periograf, Synthograft) were implanted in cuspid root "windows" in four beagle dogs. No implant material was placed in the fourth cuspid window which served as a control. Following mucoperiosteal flap elevation, windows were chiseled in bone to the root surface which allowed implant particles to contact bone, fibrous connective tissue, cementum and dentin without exposure to the oral environment. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5 and 6 months. Histologically, all implant materials were well tolerated. At 1 month, implant particles were surrounded by fibrous tissue. Fibrous tissues filled the control defect. At 3 months, implant sites exhibited partial bony repair with connective tissue surrounding implant particles. A ring of osteoid surrounded Synthograft particles. Control defect repair was complete. At 5 and 6 months, implant sites exhibited advanced, though incomplete, bony repair. New bone encompassed the Synthograft particles. It was concluded: Control sites healed most rapidly. Calcitite and Periograft were well tolerated space occupiers. Synthograft was a nidus for bone deposition.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Two new records of Oribatula (Zygoribatula) species (Acari: Oribatida) from Turkey, with redescriptions.

The oribatid mite fauna of Turkey is still relatively poorly known. The present paper adds two species of oribatid mites to the known Turkish fauna viz., Oribatula (Zygoribatula) debilitranslamellata (Kulijev, 1962) and O. (Z.) exilis (Nicolet, 1855). Both species are characterised by large, prominent lamellar cusps, with the lamellar setae inserted apically on the cusps, and by the presence of distinct translamellae. They can be distinguished, however, by the smaller lamellae, absence of cuspidal teeth, narrowly fusiform sensilli and, 13 pairs of thin, smooth, apically almost flagellate notogastral setae, in O. (Z.) debilitranslamellata, and by the wider lamellae, presence of cuspidal teeth, widely fusiform sensilli, and 14 pairs of thin, smooth notogastral setae, with seta c (1) slightly thicker and minutely barbed in O. (Z.) exilis. The following species have been previously reported from Turkey: O. (Z.) cognata (Oudemans, 1902), O. (Z.) undulata (Berlese, 1917), O. (Z.) terricola Van der Hammen, 1952, and O. (Z.) lanceolata Grobler, Bayram & Cobanoglu, 2004.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Mechanosensory neurons with bend- and osmo-sensitivity in mouthpart setae from the spiny lobster Panulirus argus.

The mouthparts of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus hold primarily two types of setae--simple setae and cuspidate setae. Mechanosensory neurons from these setae were examined by electrophysiological recordings. The population of simple setae contained two types of mechanosensory neurons: displacement-sensitive neurons, which responded to deflection at the setal base; and bend-sensitive neurons, which responded to bending of the setal shaft. Displacement-sensitive neurons, in general, responded phasically and only during actual displacement. Typically, their response changed with alteration of the direction, amplitude, and velocity/acceleration of the mechanical stimulus. Bend-sensitive neurons, in general, responded phaso-tonically and carried information on the direction and region of bending. This is the first experimental demonstration of bend sensitivity for arthropod setae. Cuspidate setae contain highly sensitive mechanosensory neurons; however, due to the rigid nature of these setae, whether they were bend sensitive or displacement sensitive could not be determined, and they were thus called "tactile neurons." Bend-sensitive neurons, but not displacement-sensitive neurons or tactile neurons, showed graded responses to changes in osmolarity. The osmosensitivity of these neurons could mediate behavioral responses to changes in the osmolarity of seawater or food.

Animals↗