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Results for “CORONARY VESSELS”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Differentiation of the smooth muscle cell phenotypes during embryonic development of coronary vessels in the rat.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) maturation during embryonic development of coronary arteries and veins was studied in rats using different markers of the contractile phenotypes. The spatio-temporal pattern of distribution of these markers compared with the developing tunica media was examined. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was the first marker of the SMC in the tunica media of coronary arteries found in ED16 hearts, followed by smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoform which occurred on ED17. Subsequently 1E12 antigen was expressed in coronary artery wall in ED18 hearts, and finally smoothelin. The markers occur within the proximal part of the coronary arteries and deploy toward the apex. They are also found within the great vessels. None of the markers except for the alpha-SMA were found in coronary veins during embryonic life. We conclude that the SMC population of the developing tunica media of coronary vessels differentiates by the acquisition of particular markers and this process lasts till the end of the prenatal and early postnatal life.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of high-risk thallium-201 scintigraphic findings in left main coronary artery stenosis: comparison with patients with multiple- and single-vessel coronary artery disease.

To determine the prevalence of high-risk thallium-201 (Tl-201) scintigraphic findings in patients with left main (LM) coronary artery disease (CAD), quantitative exercise Tl-201 scintigrams were analyzed in 295 consecutive patients with angiographic (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis) CAD, of which 43 (14%) had greater than or equal to 50% LM stenosis. A high-risk scintigram was defined as one that demonstrated (1) a LMCAD scintigraphic pattern (greater than or equal to 25% homogeneous decrease in Tl-201 activity in the middle and upper septal and posterolateral walls on the 45 degree left anterior oblique projection); (2) abnormal Tl-201 uptake or washout in multiple vascular scan segments indicative of multivessel disease; and (3) increased lung Tl-201 uptake on the initial anterior projection image. Of the 43 patients with LMCAD, 41 (95%) had an abnormal scintigram. Thirty-three (77%) had 1 or more high-risk scintigraphic findings, including 29 (67%) with a multivessel CAD scan pattern, of which 6 (14%) demonstrated a typical LMCAD pattern; and 18 (42%) with abnormal lung Tl-201 uptake. The prevalence of a high-risk scintigram in patients with LMCAD was significantly greater than that in 53 patients with 3-vessel disease (58%) (p = 0.05), 99 patients with 2-vessel disease (60%) (p = 0.04) and 100 patients with 1-vessel disease (41%) (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Severe tortuosity and stenosis of the systemic, pulmonary and coronary vessels in 12 patients with similar phenotypic features: a new syndrome?

We describe what is, to the best of our knowledge, a previously unreported association in patients with similar facial features, skin and joint laxity, of lengthening and tortuosity of systemic, pulmonary and coronary vessels. We evaluated 12 patients with similar phenotypes, from eight different families. Detailed echocardiographic and angiographic evaluations were performed in all, and biopsies of the skin in seven. All patients have elongated facies, prominent ears, micrognathia and laxity of their joints. Angiographic pictures showed a varying degree of lengthening and tortuosity of systemic, pulmonary, and coronary arteries. Pulsatile carotid arteries formed cervical masses in 2 patients, and three had severe renal arterial stenoses. All showed varying degrees of branch and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis, necessitating placement of stents in six. Biopsy of the skin proved normal in all seven patients studied, thus excluding cutis laxa, Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan syndromes. The constellation of abnormalities suggests a genetic syndrome of connective tissue etiology. Further genetic studies, and gene mapping, are underway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Coronary angiography and thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography in multiple vessel coronary artery disease.

Polar presentations of selective coronary angiography and myocardial 201Tl SPECT were compared in 141 patients with multiple vessel disease, 80 with 3-vessel disease, 34 with 2-vessel disease and 27 post-bypass patients. Perfusion defects were present in 125/141 patients (89%) and were located within the area supplied by 194/359 stenotic arteries (54%) and 9 non-stenotic arteries. The type and extent of disease was correctly indicated by 201Tl SPECT in 16/80 patients (20%) with 3-vessel disease, 5/34 patients (15%) with 2-vessel disease and 8/27 post-bypass patients (30%). Perfusion defects indicated the artery with the most severe lesion in 107/125 patients (86%). False negative isotope studies were present in 15 patients (11%).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of a decrease in perfusion pressure on the alpha-adrenergic reactions of the coronary vessels].

Acute dog experiments involving the perfusion of donor coronary arteries demonstrated that alpha-adrenoreceptor stimulation in the presence of a beta-adrenergic block resulted in a 30% drop of coronary flow. This response is maintained at low perfusion coronary blood pressure values (up to 25 +/- 13 mmHg, p less than 0.02), whereas coronary dilatation reserve is already fully depleted at 60 +/- 8 mmHg, suggesting that the degree of coronary arterial stenosis associated with coronary insufficiency may be a decisive factor shaping coronary response to alpha-adrenoreceptor stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Pathology of the myocardium and coronary vessels in sudden cardiac death. A post-mortem study of 130 cases].

Autopsies were performed on 130 cases of sudden death (38 F, 92 M) i.e. death occurring in the space of a very few minutes in apparently healthy subjects, in order to examine the anatomopathological alterations to the heart. Varying degrees of coronary sclerosis were noted in 91.5%, thrombosis of one or more coronary vessels in 32.3%, acute histologically evident myocardial infarction in 54.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Retrograde versus antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solution in myocardial revascularization. A clinical trial in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent myocardial revascularization with extensive use of the internal mammary artery.

The effects of retrograde and antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solution on myocardial function were evaluated and compared in 60 patients who underwent myocardial revascularization. All patients had three-vessel coronary artery disease, and the revascularization was done with extensive use of the internal mammary artery. Seventy-five percent of the distal anastomoses were performed with the internal mammary artery. Myocardial protection consisted of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution, topical slushed ice, and systemic hypothermia (28 degrees C). The patients were randomly separated into two groups: group A (n = 30), who received antegrade cardioplegia, and group B (n = 30), who received retrograde cardioplegia. With the exception of the total dose of cardioplegic solution (p = 0.02), there was no significant difference between the two groups that concerned septal myocardial temperature at the moment of asystole and after infusion of the total dose of cardioplegic solution. Cardiac function was assessed before and after the patient was weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. In the immediate postoperative period there was a significant increase in right atrial pressure of the patients who underwent antegrade cardioplegia. For the other registered parameters there was no significant difference either in the immediate postoperative period or 6 hours later. Release of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme was the same in the two groups. Clinical outcome in terms of mortality, prevalence of perioperative infarction, prevalence of low cardiac output, and rhythm and conduction disturbances was similar in both groups. Technical problems related to cannulation and decannulation of the coronary sinus were not encountered. Multivariate analysis showed that occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (p = 0.012) is an essential contraindication of antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solution. Analysis of the patients with an occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent antegrade (n = 9) and retrograde (n = 10) cardioplegia showed a significant difference in the total dose of cardioplegic solution (p = 0.02) and septal myocardial temperature at the moment of asystole (p = 0.008) and after infusion of the total dose of cardioplegic solution (p = 0.015). The mean arterial systolic blood pressure in the antegrade group was significantly lower than in the retrograde group (p = 0.003). Preservation of the left ventricular stroke work index was significantly better in the retrograde group (namely, 85% of its initial value versus 71% in the antegrade group, p = 0.0116).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bicarbonates↗