Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CORN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of variation in proportion of cornmeal and steam-rolled corn in diets for dairy cows on behavior, digestion, and yield and composition of milk.

Sixty-six lactating multiparous Holstein cows (113+/-46 DIM) housed in a free-stall facility were blocked and assigned randomly to one of three treatments to evaluate the effects on animal performance from feeding cornmeal, cornmeal mixed with steam-rolled corn in a ratio of 1:1 on dry matter basis, or steam-rolled corn. The only difference in the dietary ingredients was the type of corn, which was included in the total mixed ration (TMR) at 17% of dry matter. The densities (g/L) of cornmeal and steam-rolled corn were, respectively, 635 and 553. Diets were fed as TMR and were formulated according to the Cornell Penn Miner Dairy nutrition model. The TMR consisted of 40% forage and 60% concentrate on dry matter basis. The first 2 wk of the 8-wk study was a preliminary period, and data collected during this period were used as covariate in statistical analysis of production data collected during wk 6 to 8. Treatment diets were fed from wk 3 to 8. Total tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, starch, and neutral detergent fiber were not significantly different among treatments. Cows fed TMR containing steam-rolled corn had higher body condition and ruminated longer. However, feeding cornmeal and steam-rolled corn together did not improve dry matter and nutrient digestion, milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, and percentage and yield of fat, crude protein, true protein, and lactose in milk, and milk urea nitrogen. In conclusion, feeding steam-rolled corn improved animal body condition and rumination. Partial or complete substitution of cornmeal by steam-rolled corn in diets for lactating dairy cows did not improve dry matter and nutrient digestion, milk yield, and milk composition.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Processing and chop length effects in brown-midrib corn silage on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows.

In this experiment, we evaluated the influence of increasing chop length and mechanical processing of whole-plant brown-midrib corn silage on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows. Corn silage treatments were harvested at three-quarter milk line stage of maturity at 13- and 19-mm theoretical chop length without processing, or at 19- and 32-mm theoretical chop length with processing at a 2-mm roll clearance. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows that averaged 102 +/- 17 d in milk at trial initiation were randomly assigned to treatments in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Preplanned orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate effects of processing (19 processed vs. 19 mm unprocessed) and chop length (13 vs. 19 mm unprocessed and 19 vs. 32 mm processed). Treatments were fed in total mixed rations containing 60% forage (67% corn silage and 33% alfalfa silage) and 40% shelled corn and soybean meal-based concentrate (dry matter basis). Milk yield was unaffected by treatment. Dry matter intake was unaffected by corn silage processing, but increasing corn silage chop length reduced dry matter intake in unprocessed (26.6 vs. 25.5 kg/d) and processed (25.9 vs. 25.1 kg/d) chop length contrasts. Processing reduced milk fat content (3.36 vs. 3.11%) and yield (1.43 vs. 1.35 kg/d), increased total-tract starch digestion (92.9 vs. 97.4%), and decreased total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestion (51.0 vs. 41.8%). Total chewing time (min/d) was unaffected by treatment. Masticate mean particle length was unaffected by chop length in unprocessed and processed corn silage treatments. In this study with brown-midrib corn silage fed to dairy cows producing 43 kg/d of milk, there were no benefits from crop processing or increasing chop length on lactation performance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Impact of feeding a raw soybean hull-condensed corn steep liquor pellet on induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating cows.

We used four ruminally cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows (690 kg; 21 kg/d milk) in a 2-period crossover design to determine the impact of feeding a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet (SHSL) on induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in lactating cows. Cows were fed control [30% alfalfa hay, 15% corn silage, 34% corn, 9% whole cottonseed, 5% soybean meal (SBM)] or SHSL (20% of diet DM) diets as TMR. SHSL replaced 6.2% alfalfa hay, 3.7% corn silage, 6.6% corn, and 3.3% SBM. Periods were 15 d (10 d adaptation, 2 d for prechallenge measures, and 3 d of SARA challenge). Cows were fed once daily at a common DMI dictated by the cow consuming the least. Cows were fasted 12 h before the first SARA challenge. For each of the three SARA challenges, cows were offered 75% of their daily diet at 0600 h. The remaining 25% of diet DM was replaced by ground corn, which was mixed with the orts that remained 2 h after feeding and placed into the rumen. Ruminal pH declined linearly with time after feeding, and this decrease was greater during the SARA challenges. Ruminal lactate increased linearly with repeated SARA challenges. Concentrations of total ruminal VFA increased linearly after feeding, and increases were greater when cows were challenged. No differences were observed due to SHSL inclusion. The model induced SARA, but partial replacement of alfalfa, corn silage, corn, and SBM by SHSL did not influence responses to SARA challenges.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2002

Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows.

Twenty Holstein cows were used in an 8-wk randomized block design study to determine the effects of replacing corn silage with ryegrass silage on nutrient intake, apparent digestion, milk yield, and milk composition. The 8-wk trial consisted of a 2-wk preliminary period followed by a 6-wk collection period. Experimental diets were formulated to provide 55.5% of the total dry matter (DM) as forage. Ryegrass silage was substituted for 0, 35, 65, and 100% of DM provided by corn silage. Dietary concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased as ryegrass silage replaced corn silage. Intake of DM and crude protein (CP) was similar for all treatments, but intake of NDF and ADF increased linearly as ryegrass silage replaced corn silage. Apparent digestibility of DM declined linearly, whereas digestibility of CP increased linearly as ryegrass silage replaced corn silage. Apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF was highest for the diets in which ryegrass or corn silages provided all of the forage, resulting in a quadratic response. Dry matter intake was not different among treatments. Yield of milk, fat, and protein increased as ryegrass silage replaced corn silage. No differences were observed for body weight change, body condition score, and serum urea nitrogen concentration, but serum glucose concentration increased with increasing dietary proportion of ryegrass silage. These results indicate that substituting ryegrass silage for a portion or all of the corn silage in diets fed to lactating dairy cows can improve yield of milk and components.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Effects of propionic acid added to supplemental corn on utilization of complete ensiled diets by lactating dairy cows.

Two bottom unloading silos were filled with alternate loads of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and ground shelled corn grain mix (1:5, grain:forage, wet basis) to determine effects of propionic acid added to supplemental corn on performance of lactating dairy cow consuming a complete ensiled diet. One silo received grain mix containing 1% propionic acid. Each of two groups of six lactating cows was fed one of the complete ensiled diets supplemented with high moisture corn, dried-shelled corn, or no supplemental corn for 4 mo. Cows that consumed the acid-treated diet produced less milk, fat, and protein than cows consuming the untreated diet. Supplemental high moisture corn and dried shelled corn increased milk and protein yields, and high moisture corn increased fat yields compared to the unsupplemented. Daily variation of the ratio of grain:forage indicated that alternate load additions of forage and grain resulted in poor mixing of ration components and may be related to some of the differences in performance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

In vivo digestibility of corn and sunflower intercropped as a silage crop.

Six nonlactating Holstein cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square total collection digestion trial were used to evaluate three low DM (less than 26%) silage types: 1) corn; 2) corn and sunflower intercropped and 3) sunflower. Feeding periods consisted of a 7-d adjustment followed by a 5-d collection period. Dry matter intake was similar for the three treatments; 12.5, 12.1, and 12.0 kg, respectively. Percent apparent digestibilities for DM, NDF, and N for corn and corn-sunflower were similar and greater than for sunflower: DM (69.6, 68.2, 57.4); NDF (68.1, 61.5, 51.6); and N (66.3, 66.5, 63.6). No differences were observed for digestibilities of ADF, hemicellulose, starch, or for N retention. Percent ether extract digestibility was greatest for corn-sunflower and sunflower silage when compared with digestibility of corn silage (82.5, 77.9, vs. 66.3). Major changes in rumen fermentation patterns were not observed as evidenced by rumen molar proportions of propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, or acetate to propionate ratios. No difference was observed for rumen NH3 N (2.7, 3.2, 4.1 mg/dl, respectively). Corn and sunflower intercropped silage had intermediate concentrations of fat, fiber, and protein when compared with those of corn or sunflower silages.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

True absorption of calcium and phosphorus from alfalfa and corn silage when fed to lactating cows.

A crossover experimental design with an extra period was used with four lactating cows (645 kg BW) and two diets to measure the true absorption of Ca and P from alfalfa hay and corn silage. True absorption was calculated after dosing cows intravenously with 45Ca and 32P to measure endogenous fecal losses. In alfalfa hay and alfalfa-corn silage diets, the Ca and P that came from the hay or hay and silage fraction was 94 and 98% and 63 and 84%, respectively. Cows ate more DM (22.7 vs. 20.6 kg/d) and produced more FCM (35.2 vs. 32.0 kg/d) when consuming alfalfa-corn silage compared with alfalfa hay. True absorption of Ca from alfalfa-corn silage was greater (42.2%) than from alfalfa hay (24.6%). Partial true absorption of Ca from alfalfa hay was 23.5% and from corn silage 51.5%. True P absorption for total diet was similar for both alfalfa hay (64.4%) and alfalfa-corn silage (74.6%). Partial true absorption of P from alfalfa hay (67.3%) was different from that from corn silage (80.0%). Fecal endogenous Ca excretion was nearly double the value (31 vs. 16 mg/kg BW) currently used by NRC. True absorption of Ca from alfalfa was lower and from corn silage was higher than currently used in NRC feeding standards. True absorption of P was higher than values currently used by NRC.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Effect of wet or dry corn gluten feed on nutrient digestibility and milk yield and composition.

A 22-wk trial was conducted to determine variations in nutrient concentrations of wet and dry corn gluten feed and their effect on nutrient digestibility and milk yield and composition. Holstein cows (n = 48) were blocked at parturition by parity and assigned randomly within block to one of three diets. All cows were fed a control TMR containing corn silage, ground corn, and commercial concentrate plus 2.3 kg/d of alfalfa hay during the 2-wk adjustment period. Thereafter, control diet was fed as wet or dry corn gluten feed substituted for 27% of dietary DM supplied by the control diet. Each cow received TMR for ad libitum consumption. Variations in nutrient concentrations of corn gluten feed were observed throughout the trial. The coefficient of variation was highest for ADIN, and standard deviation was highest for NDF. Intake of CP and NDF and apparent digestibility of DM were greatest when wet or dry corn gluten feed was fed. No differences in DMI, milk yield, and percentages of milk protein, lactose, or SNF were observed, but milk fat percentage was lowest when dry corn gluten feed was fed. Results indicate that corn gluten feed can replace 27% of dietary DM without altering milk yield, but new deliveries should be sampled regularly and amounts fed adjusted to compensate for varying nutrient concentrations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Effect of steam flaking of corn and sorghum grains on performance of lactating cows.

The objective of this study was to compare the relative feeding value of sorghum versus corn grain in rolled or steam-flaked forms in diets for lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows (averaging 110 DIM) were divided into four groups and fed diets of 40% grain as dry-rolled sorghum, steam-rolled corn, steam-flaked sorghum, or steam-flaked corn for 70 d. Compared with rolling, flaking of both grains increased yields of milk, milk protein and fat, and protein percentage of milk, but differences tended to be greater for sorghum than for corn. Efficiency of feed utilization was higher for steam-flaked than for dry-rolled sorghum but was unaffected by corn processing. Flaking of both grains increased total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, starch, ADF, and NDF. Estimates for NEL were 21% higher for flaked than for rolled sorghum and 6% higher for flaked than for rolled corn. No differences in performance of cows existed between corn and sorghum grains. Cows fed 40% of their diet as steam-flaked sorghum or corn yielded more milk and milk protein than those fed the rolled form of the grains, and no differences existed between types of grain fed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of sorghum and corn grains in early and midlactation diets for dairy cows.

Two trials were conducted to compare the effects of corn and sorghum grains on performance of early and midlactation Holstein dairy cows. In trial 1, 36 multiparous midlactation cows were assigned to one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for 10 wk: 1) grain mixture containing 77% rolled corn fed in a TMR, 2) same grain fed separately from forage, 3) grain mixture containing 77% finely ground sorghum fed in a TMR, and 4) same grain fed separately from forage. Grain source and feeding methods had similar effects on milk yield, milk fat percentage, SNF, SCM, and BW. Cows fed sorghum had higher DMI; cows fed corn had greater efficiency of milk yield. In trial 2, 36 multiparous early lactation cows were assigned to one of four TMR in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for 9 wk: 1) TMR containing 35.5% rolled corn, 2) TMR containing 35.5% finely ground corn, 3) TMR containing 35.5% rolled sorghum, and 4) TMR containing 35.5% finely ground sorghum. Grain source produced no differences in DMI, milk yield, milk fat percentage, SCM, and BW. Cows fed finely ground grain yielded more milk than those fed rolled grain. Finely ground sorghum promoted higher milk protein and SNF percentages than did finely ground corn. Total tract starch digestibility was greater for corn than for sorghum. These two trials indicate that sorghum grain, when finely ground, supports milk yield and composition similar to that of corn.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

Effect of roasted soybeans and corn on performance and ruminal and blood metabolites of dairy calves.

Newborn Holstein calves (n = 132) were used to evaluate three protein sources (soybean meal and soybeans roasted to an exit temperature of 138 or 146 degrees C) that contained 30, 45, or 52% RUP, respectively. Each was used with either raw corn or corn roasted to an exit temperature of 135 degrees C. Roasting of corn increased starch gelatinization from 34.8 to 118.6 mg of maltose equivalents/g of sample. Six pelleted isonitrogenous calf starters (18% CP) were fed for ad libitum consumption from 0.5 to 8 wk of age. Performance of calves fed soybeans roasted at 146 degrees C plus raw corn was superior to that of calves fed soybean meal plus raw corn but was similar to the performance of calves fed soybean meal plus roasted corn. Roasted corn tended to improve calf performance when used with soybean meal and, to a lesser degree, when used with soybeans roasted at 138 degrees C but depressed performance when used with soybeans roasted at 146 degrees C. Ruminal concentrations of NH3, butyrate, and total VFA and plasma concentrations of urea were higher for calves fed soybean meal. Ruminal pH and lactate, plasma NEFA, and blood BHBA concentrations were unaffected by starter. Performance was superior when calves consumed protein and corn sources with similar degrees of ruminal availability.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Influence of processed corn grain in diets of dairy cows on digestion of nutrients and milk composition.

Five primiparous Holstein cows (55 d in milk) that were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 5 incomplete Latin square to determine the effects of blends of steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn on site and extent of nutrient digestion and milk yield and composition. Diets were fed as total mixed rations and consisted of 45% forage and 55% concentrate; each diet contained 27% corn grain. Dietary treatments were composed of blends of dry-rolled and steam-flaked corn in ratios of 100:0, 67:33, 33:67, and 0:100. Intake of dry matter; digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, neutral detergent fiber, fatty acids, and N; and microbial efficiency were unaffected by diet. Ruminal, postruminal, and total tract digestion of starch increased linearly, and starch passage to the duodenum decreased linearly, as the proportion of dry-rolled corn in the diet decreased. Ruminal propionate and valerate increased linearly, and acetate, butyrate, isovalerate, and the acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly, as proportions of dry-rolled corn in the diet decreased; however, no changes in total volatile fatty acid concentrations in ruminal fluid were observed. Ruminal fluid pH was similar across diets. A decrease in dry-rolled corn decreased ruminal ammonia N and plasma urea N linearly. Milk yield and composition, as well as milk N fractions, were similar across diets. Although changes in fatty acid composition of milk fat were small, linear decreases in percentages of trans-C16:1 and cis-9- and cis-10-C18:1, as well as a linear increase in the percentage of C18:2 occurred as the proportion of dry-rolled corn in the diet decreased. An increased proportion of dry-rolled corn in the diet decreased digestion of starch in the rumen, and patterns of volatile fatty acid concentrations shifted accordingly. However, no effects on lactational parameters were observed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1999

Influence of particle size on the effectiveness of the fiber in corn silage.

This experiment evaluated the influence of particle size on the effectiveness of fiber in corn silage relative to that in hay crop, which consisted of mostly alfalfa silage. Fifteen multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to five treatments in each of 2 yr. The design was replicated but truncated 5 x 5 Latin squares with three 21-d periods in 1994 and four 21-d periods in 1995. The five diets (2-yr average, dry basis) were a basal, low fiber control with 12% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from hay crop forage (60% of total diet NDF); a high fiber control with 22% NDF from hay crop forage (82% of total diet NDF); and three diets each containing 12% NDF from hay crop forage and 9% NDF from coarse corn silage, fine corn silage, or an equal mixture of the two. An increase in the forage content above the basal amount with either hay crop or corn silage increased rumination and total chewing time. No detectable differences in rumination, total chewing time, or milk fat concentration were detected among the corn silage diets. In yr 1, yield of milk components and dry matter intake were greater for cows fed the four low alfalfa diets, but there was no effect due to particle size of the corn silage. In yr 2, linear increases in milk, fat, and protein yields were observed as the mean particle size of the corn silage decreased. Reduction of corn silage particle size did not affect chewing behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (CBH351) on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice.

Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect on the immune system of genetically modified corn CBH351, which contains the Cry9C protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, were conducted in female BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the effect of a line of genetically modified corn CBH351 (GM corn) with that of isoline corn (non-GM corn). Heat-treated corn meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 50%. The study duration was 13 weeks. Growth, food intake, and organ weights of the thymus, spleen, and liver were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histological findings in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, small intestines, liver, kidney, and bone marrow, and the presence of Cry9C-specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgA antibodies in serum were also compared. The results showed no significant differences in growth, feeding value, or the histological findings in immunity-related organs between the animals fed the GM and non-GM lines. Production of Cry9 C-specific IgE and IgA was not detected in the serum of either group. Production of Cry9C-specific IgG and IgG1 was slightly increased in the 50% GM groups of BN rats. No Cry9C-specific IgG or IgG1 was detected in the serum of BN rats fed the diet containing 5% GM-corn In conclusion, no immunotoxic activity was detected in the GM-corn-fed rats and mice in this subchronic dietary study.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of AM fungi on water and nutrition status of corn plants under salt stress].

Under NaCl stress, the dry matter production of corn plants inoculated with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) was decreased, but the decrement for non-mycorrhizal plants was 10% higher than that for mycorrhizal ones. Under salt stress condition, the dry weights of root system and aboveground part of mycorrhizal corn and its leaf water potential were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal corn, while the proline content of mycorrhizal corn was less than that of non-mycorrhizal corn. The contribution of hypha to P uptake of plants decreased from 45.3% to 42.6%, while the effect of AM fungi on plant growth increased from 30.9% to 63.5% under salt stress condition. The above-mentioned results indicated that the mechanism that AM fungi enhance the salt-resistance of corn is related with the improvements of water and P nutrition conditions. Meanwhile, it was found whether under salt stress or not, the ratio of P accumulation of root system to aboveground part of mycorrhizal corn was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal corn, indicating that the infection of AM fungi changed the P distribution pattern in plant bodies, which is beneficial to increase the salt-resistance of plants.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1992

[Comparison of methods for determining corn hardness (Zea mays L.)].

One of the most important intrinsic properties of corn kernels is hardness. Nowadays controversy exists as to which method is more accurate to measure this property. In the present study, therefore, several methods for measuring hardness in corn kernels are compared, for the purpose of finding the most appropriate one. A corn population ranking from hard to soft was tested. The methods tested were: endosperm texture (ET), pearling index (PI) floating index (FI), density (D), near infrared reflectance (NIR), test weight (Ph) and time required to grind the corn with the Brabender automatic micro-hardness (TDB) method. The floating index (FI) method was found to be the most suitable one for determining hardness of corn kernels. This method permitted determination of the differences existing in corn with hard, intermediate, and soft-textured endosperms, with low variation coefficients. The TDB and NIR methods were not appropriate to determine the hardness of corn kernels, showing high variability in the results. With the Ph and D methods it was difficult to distinguish between corn with hard, intermediate and soft texture endosperm.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1982

The effects of alkali-cooking of corn and supplementation with amaranth seed on its deficiencies in lysine and tryptophan.

Corn, made into tortillas (flat cakes baked from lime-treated corn) is the staple food of Mexico. The amino acid deficiencies of tortillas (TT) and boiled corn (BC), and the supplementary value of amaranth seed (PA), another traditional Mexican food, roasted to the point of "popping", were studied. The feeding tests were 14-day PER trials using weanling rats; each diet contained 8.95% crude protein, all from corn, or with PA providing 3.6% protein and corn the remainder, with vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition each diet was supplemented with lysine (lys) so that tryptophan (trp) would be the first limiting amino acid or vice versa. In no comparison did TT give a significantly different value from BC. With trp limiting, the mean PER for the two corn preparations alone was 1.55, and with PA, 2.22. The amaranth had shown a high trp value (1.55 g/16g N). g N). With lys limiting, the mean PER for corn was 1.15; adding PA failed to improve this. Popping amaranth also reduced its reactive lysine value (by dye-binding) from 5.9 to 4.0 g/16g N. It appears that making tortillas has no adverse effect on protein value, but that 'popping' can reduce the value of amaranth seeds. The higher PER for corn with trp as the limiting amino acid (rather than lys) was due to lower ad libitum food intake with the same weight gain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoaffinity column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of fumonisin B1 in canned and frozen sweet corn.

A modified liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining fumonisin B1 (FB1) in corn was applied to canned and frozen sweet corn. The corn is extracted with methanol-water (8 + 2), and the extract is filtered. The filtrate is diluted with water and passed through an immunoaffinity column. After the column is washed with water, FB1 is eluted with methanol-water (8 + 2). The eluate is evaporated to dryness by using a vacuum concentrator, and the residue is dissolved in acetonitrile-water (1 + 1). FB1 is derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde. The derivative is separated on a reversed-phase C18 LC column using acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50 + 50 + 1) and quantitated with a fluorescence detector. Recoveries of FB1 from canned and frozen corn spiked over the range of 50-200 ng/g were 76-88%. The limit of determination was about 25 ng/g, and the limit of detection was about 4 ng/g. The method was applied to 97 commercial canned and frozen sweet corn samples collected from different areas of the United States. Sixty samples contained no FB1. Low levels (trace-82 ng FB1/g corn) were found in 35 samples; 235 ng FB1/g was found in 1 canned corn sample, and 350 ng FB1/g was found in 1 frozen corn sample.

Chromatography, Affinity↗