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Results for “CONDITIONED REFLEX”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of 2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (AP5), a glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, on neuron activity in the cat motor cortex during performance of a paw placement conditioned reflex.

Two types of stimulus-associated response were recorded in the contralateral motor cortex during performance of a condition reflex consisting of placing the forepaw on a support in response to a short electrical stimulus (4 msec, 500 Hz) applied to the contralateral parietal cortex (field 5). Primary short-latency responses (peak latent period about 10 msec, duration 30-50 msec) showed little sensitivity to the application of AP5, a blocker of glutamate NMDA receptors; secondary long-latency responses (peak latent period 65 msec, duration 150-200 msec) were inhibited in 44% of cases. Excitatory neuron responses associated with movement were inhibited by AP5 in 18% of cases. Increases in the latent period of the movement itself were seen in 19% of cases. AP5 decreased background activity in 46% of background-active neurons. The number of cases in which individual components of the response and neuron background activity were increased and latent periods of movement were decreased after application of AP5 was no more than expected from a random spread of data.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alimentary conditioned reflexes in the dog after pharmacologic activation and blockade of dopaminergic structures of the caudate nucleus].

Bilateral injections of 60 mcg of amphetamine and dopamine into the head of caudate nucleus produced in dogs a manifested impairment of parameters of Pavlovian alimentary conditioned reflexes but did not influence the conditioned differential inhibition. Injections of 10 mcg of haloperidol were ineffective. The most effective were the influences on the dorsal part of the caudate nucleus head.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative neurophysiological analysis of the trace processes in delayed spatial choice and in a trace conditioned reflex in rhesus macaques].

The dynamics of spatial-temporal interrelationships in delayed spatial choice and in differentiation between two conditioned reflexes was studied with the aid of a distant synchronization of electrical activity of prefrontal cortex hippocampus, head of the caudate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in 6 rhesus monkeys. A comparative neurophysiological analysis revealed the elements of similarity and difference in the trace processes in both behavioral models which were correlated with the animal behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Monoaminergic mechanisms of the amygdaloid complex actualizing conditioned reflexes of different biological modality].

Microinjection of dopamine and serotonin into the dorso-medial portions of the amygdalic complex of rats increased the latent period of conditioned defense and motor food reactions, spontaneous motor activity, the number of jerks and the value of the conditioned food reflex. Noradrenaline failed to influence the recorded indices of the conditioned food-procuring reflex, but facilitated the conditioned reaction of avoidance, significantly shortening its latent time. The results obtained pointed to the specificity of the neurochemical mechanisms realizing at the level of the amygdalic complex conditioned reflexes of various biological modality in rats.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of changes in the background electrical activity of the dog neocortex during elaboration of food-getting conditioned reflexes].

Background electrical activity of different areas of the neocortex was studied at interstimuli periods during elaboration of food-procuring (instrumental) conditioned reflexes in dogs. By using the complex of EEG parameters obtained after a correlation-spectral analysis, it was possible to provide differentiated EEG characteristics of such externally similar conditions as rest in a situation of food-procuring and in an indifferent situation. Further, it has been found that the background activity parameters significantly differ in one and the same situation of food-procuring, depending on the functional state (passive rest and activation of attention). The data obtained point to the informative nature of background electrical activity of the neocortex, whose parameters reflect the peculiarities of specific functional conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of bemitil on conditioned-reflex memory in normal rats and under stress exposures].

The authors studied the effect of the actoprotector bemitil on the conditional-reflex memory of rats and its functional disorder by disturbance of the cause-effect (abatement of the avoidance reaction) or space relations. Intraperitoneal injections of 1.8 mg/kg of bemitil were given daily 30 min before the experiment. The training of animals improved authentically from experiment to experiment. Thus, the drug, possesses the nootropic properties. Exposure to stressogenic factors of various depth demonstrated the stress-protective effect of bemitil.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The assessment of the strength of the interaction between neurons of the cat motor cortex in a conditioned reflex to time].

The work was conducted on cats with recording multineuronal activity of the motor cortex at the elaboration of conditioned reflex to time. Strength of interaction was estimated between the adjacent and remote neurones in the limits of 0.5 m. The dynamics of strengths of interneuronal interaction in most cases did not correlate with the dynamics of impulses frequency of the studied neurones. Changes of strengths of interaction between mutually remote neurones at CRT were met more frequently than between the adjacent ones, what may serve as one more evidence of the hypothesis on more strict structure of connections within microsystems and greater plasticity of connections between microsystems.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEG correlation and impulse activity of neuronal populations of individual structures of the cat brain during elaboration and reproduction of motor and alimentary reactions in instrumental conditioned reflexes.

Stable changes in EEG and spike activity of neuronal populations in different brain formations were studied on models of instrumental conditioned reflexes: motor and motor alimentary. A depencence has been established of the EEG amplitude-frequency parameters in the motor and striate cortical zones and the hippocampus on definite changes of unit spike activity in these areas. Simultaneous recording of the EEG and the spike activity of neuronal populations helps to elucidate the neurophysiological nature of individual rhythms of bio-electrical activity. Learned animals exhibit a stable reproduction of the spatial-temporal EEG patterns and motor alimentary reactions when automatic presentation of reinforcement is changed over to an arbitrary one.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hypoglycemic conditioned reflex in rats: preliminary study of its mechanism.

It was found that a nervous mechanism is involved in eliciting a hypoglycemic response in rats. A conditioned reflex was established after a series of reinforcements in which an insulin injection (unconditioned stimulus) was associated with the sound of a bell (conditioning stimulus). The hypoglycemic conditioned response was statistically similar to that of insulin. The latency of the beginning of the hypoglycemic response to insulin was between 4 and 6 min. The latency of the conditioned hypoglycemic response to the conditioning stimulus was about 1 min. Blood extracted from a conditioned rat during the test of conditioning produced a hypoglycemic effect when injected into a nonconditioned receptor rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intralimbic evoked potentials in the formation of an instrumental food conditioned reflex to hippocampal electrostimulation in dogs].

In dogs with the electrodes implanted in the hippocampus, amygdala, septum and hypothalamus an instrumental alimentary conditioned reflex (CR) was elaborated to electrostimulation of the hippocampus. Intralimbic evoked potentials (EPs) were studied during the elaboration and extinction of this reflex and during stimulations of limbic structures conducted with the purpose of CR generalization checking. Late EP components in the lateral hypothalamus and central nucleus of the amygdala changed during CR elaboration and extinction and in the hippocampus during amygdala testing. In both cases the amplitude of trace positivity and of slow negative wave was less, when during stimulation of the structure an instrumental movement was initiated than at its absence.

Animals↗