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PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation between the changes in thiamine metabolism and energy processes in erythrocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus and approaches to their correction with drugs].

Erythrocytes, obtained from blood of 12 patients with diabetes mellitus and of 6 donors, were incubated in isotonic medium at 37 degrees within 180 min. Patterns of thiamin metabolism (activity of transketolase and TDP-effect), of glycolysis (content of glucose, lactate) and of energy metabolism (ATP, ADP, AMP and 2,3-DPG) were studied during the incubation. The ratios of energy-synthesizing and energy-consuming reactions were shifted towards the latter reactions in erythrocytes of the patients, which appears to be among the factors responsible for impairment of thiamin metabolism in diabetes. In order to correct the impairments found some drugs, such as insulin, thiamin, cocarboxylase, thiamin combined with adenine were added into the incubation medium. Insulin and cocarboxylase as well as insulin combined with thiamin and adenine exhibited the best effect on the patterns studied; these drugs normalized the vitamin B1 metabolism and improved the parameters of energy metabolism within 120 min of incubation in erythrocytes isolated from blood of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adenine↗
PubMed1981

Thiaminepyrophosphatase activity in the plasma membrane of microglia.

An intense thiaminepyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity was demonstrated in glial cells and blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS), when incubation was carried out with thiaminepyrophosphte (TPP, cocarboxylase), using the method of Novikoff and Goldfischer (1961). Glial cells with TPPSase activity were identified as microglia because they were morphologically similar to microglial cells in the sections stained with silver impregnation. TPPase activity was localized in the microglial perikaryon and in the processes, as viewed under a light microscope. Electron microscopically, enzyme activity was localized in the plasma membrane of microglia. We consider this activity to be a true TPPase activity hydrolyzing TPP, and we then went on to examine the substrate specificity, optimum pH, effect of chemical inhibitors and activators, and the effect of glutaraldehyde fixation. Our data are reported herein.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of fulminant hepatic failure with infusions of Co-factors and mannitol and charcoal-hemoperfusions during Forty-one days.

The clinical course of a 26 year old female patient with acute liver necrosis and coma due to hepatitis B is reported. The disturbances of conciousness had improved. The patient survived 41 days after the beginning of the coma and developed liver cell regeneration and an acute post-hepatitic liver cirrhosis. As a grave complication a septicemia with aspergillus was observed. The patient died because of gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. At autopsy there were no signs of brain edema. The treatment consisted in: daily infusions with coenzyme A, nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotide, alpha lipoic acid and cocarboxylase to improve the metabolic disorders and the clinical picture; mannitol intravenously to prevent and to treat cerebral edema; 33 charcoal-hemoperfusions to remove toxic substances of acute liver failure. Treatment of the aspergillus infection with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericine B and infusion of concentrated ascites led to a decompensation of liver functions. From this observation the following conclusions can be drawn: after an acute viral hepatic necrosis, new synthetic functions and improvements of the disturbed intermediary metabolism in regenerated liver-cells can eventually be seen only after twenty-four to thirty days. With systematically applicated mannitol infusions it is possible to treat cerebral edema effectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of pravastatin sodium and simvastatin on plasma fibrinogen level and blood rheology in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

Elevated plasma fibrinogen level is known to progress atherosclerosis and to be one of the risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in plasma fibrinogen level and blood rheology in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia before and after random administrations of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-e-methylglutaryl-cocarboxylase-A) reductase inhibitors, pravastatin sodium and simvastatin, and compare with results in normal subjects. Of a total of 28 patients with type II primary hyperlipoproteinemia with > 230 mg/dl fasting total plasma cholesterol, 16 patients (mean, 59.7 years old) were administered 10-15 mg/day of pravastatin sodium for an average of 10.2 weeks, and 12 patients (mean, 62.0 years old) were administered 5-10 mg/day of simvastatin for an average of 13.9 weeks. Patients were evaluated before and after drug administration and results were compared with those of 16 normal subjects of similar age (mean, 56.9 years old). Blood viscosities were measured using a cone-plate viscometer (Biorheolizer, BRL-1000, Japan). The following were measured before and after drug administration: whole blood viscosity at shear rates of 75-375 s-1, corrected blood viscosity at low (112.5 s-1) and high (225.0 s-1) shear rates for the standard hematocrit of 45%, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, total protein, serum albumin, and plasma fibrinogen. Total cholesterol level was significantly decreased (from 270 to 225, mg/dl, mean values; P < 0.0007) an average of 10.2 weeks after start of pravastatin sodium administration. In addition to the reductions of whole blood viscosity, at every shear rate examined, corrected blood viscosity, and plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly decreased (from 354 to 309 mg/dl, mean values; P < 0.0007) after start of pravastatin sodium administration. Fibrinogen level and blood rheology were not significantly changed after start of simvastatin administration despite similar significant reductions in total cholesterol level (from 260 to 207 mg/dl, mean values; P < 0.0001) to those in the case of pravastatin sodium. From the results, we conclude that administration of pravastatin sodium, but not simvastatin, reduced the plasma fibrinogen level and blood viscosities to normal levels in type II hyperlipoproteinemic patients while both drugs reduced total cholesterol level. The hydrophilicity and a small binding capacity with plasma protein of pravastatin sodium may be responsible in part for the beneficial hemorheologic effects observed in the patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Further investigations should be conducted to confirm the findings observed.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1975

Restoration of nucleic acid biosynthesis after clinical death and factors stimulating the process in vivo.

The biosynthesis of RNA and DNA falls almost to zero in 60 min after the death of rabbits from anoxia, in all the organs of the body. Rapid artificial cooling of the rabbits to 20 degrees C undertaken within 10 min after death preserved nucleic acid biosynthesis and permitted restoration of life 3-4 h after death, with recovery beginning in 60 min. During the reanimation the addition of ATP to the blood stimulated the restoration of RNA biosynthesis in the spinal cord to a considerable extent; the addition of cocarboxylase to the blood promoted cardiac RNA biosynthesis as well as cardiac and pancreatic DNA biosynthesis during recovery.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Atypical Streptococcus pyogenes from an ear discharge.

An atypical variant of Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from a discharge from a child's ear. Although this variant streptococcus grew aerobically on chocolate agar, the isolate would not grow on blood agar, the medium used to screen for S. pyogenes, unless it was incubated anaerobically or incubated in air with cocarboxylase.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Cytochemical localization of adenosine triphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in the synapases of rat's cerebral cortex.

Ultrastructural distribution of adenosine triphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in synapses of rat's cerebral cortex was studied. Adenosine triphosphatase activity in some synaptic vesicles and mitochondria, on pre- and postsynaptic membranes, as well as in the postsynaptic thickening was established. The reaction specificity was proved by means of some controls: various concentrations of ouabain, NaF, NiCl2, cysteine, substrate free medium and non-specific substrates - cocarboxylase and beta-glycerophosphate. At the thiamine pyrophatase reaction, the enzyme positive product was found on the membrane of some clear synaptic vesicles, on the singl sacs of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the axon terminal, and bouton cell membrane. Substrate free medium, addition of cystein and substitution of orininal substrate with adenosine triphosphate and beta-glycerophosphate as controls were used. The fine structure localization of both enzymes in synaptic structures suggests their important role in the synaptic function.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1962

Studies on the transplanted heart. Its metabolism and histology.

The metabolic changes in the homografted canine heart were studied in order to define the biochemical alterations accompanying homograft rejection. In several experiments, homograft rejection was accelerated by prior sensitization of the host animal. The homografted heart released pyruvate and lactate as well as malic dehydrogenase and aldolase. Extraction of glucose by the graft usually remained positive. During the accelerated rejection, the release of pyruvate and lactate was more pronounced, and even glucose appeared in increased concentrations in coronary vein blood. In many experiments the respiratory quotient of the transplanted heart as well as its glucose-oxygen extraction ratio were elevated. It seemed likely that the elevated respiratory quotients were the result of conversion of carbohydrates to fat, since the injection of thiamine hydrochloride resulted in further elevation of the respiratory quotient and in an increased myocardial pyruvate extraction. Apparently, thiamine corrected a metabolic block at the level of the cocarboxylase. The metabolic block or blocks present in the transplanted heart are likely to be the result of diminution in intracellular enzymes and coenzymes resulting from increased cellular permeability. The redox potential across the transplanted heart was positive, indicating the absence of anoxia. The results illustrate that glycolysis proceeds in the transplanted heart in the presence of oxygen. Histopathologic and histochemical studies show the earliest lesion to be an accumulation of lymphocytes around vessels at 3 hours. Swelling of vascular endothelium occurs. By 5 hours a polar perivascular cellular infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and histiocytes exists. Changes following at 19 hours show the appearance of Aschoff- and Anitschkow-like cells. Granulomatous myocarditis which was first perivascular became interstitial with lymphocytic and histiocytic invasion of the myocardium. After 8 days acceleration of swelling of vascular endothelium and granulomatous lesions were observed and necrosis of the myocardium was prominent. Endothelial hyperplasia occurred at 14 days. In the accelerated reaction these changes were intensified and necrosis began as early as 4 hours after grafting. Histochemical changes of DPNH diaphorase, lactic, malic, and succinic dehydrogenase showed only significant diminution of malic dehydrogenase in the cardiac muscle which was concurrent with the increase of this enzyme in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Intravenous nutrition: focus on delivery (3-in-1 bags or not?).

The practicalities of providing intravenous nutrition support the use of 3-in-1 bags. However, problems with stability are an important consideration, especially because the clinical consequences can be devastating. Infusion sets designed with different colored tubing to decrease peroxide formation have been investigated. Also, even though high-dose heparin should not be combined with lipid emulsions, evidence for prescribing low dose in neonatal practice has been published. Furthermore, the largest study testing lipid stability with different drugs highlights 23 that should not be combined. Generation of oxalate as a marker of vitamin C loss and degradation of cocarboxylase have been investigated. Practical guidance has been published on the prevention of copper sulfide and iron phosphate precipitates. A study demonstrating that parenteral nutrition admixture is a poor growth medium has been reported. Finally, cyclical intravenous feeding may have a beneficial effect on the liver through protecting mitochondrial function from hypoxic damage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Nutrient and environmental growth factors for eight small-sized oral spirochetes.

The present investigation was carried out in order to obtain better information about the growth requirements for small-sized oral spirochetes containing two endoflagella from each cell-end. Eight strains of such spirochetes were isolated from subgingival plaque in patients suffering from advanced marginal periodontitis. The strains were maintained under anaerobic conditions in a fluid basal BHI medium with 15% inactivated rabbit serum, 0.07% Noble Agar and 5 micrograms/ml cocarboxylase. Firstly, the effect of trace amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere and pH in the medium on growth of the spirochete strains were examined. Secondly, the effect of different sera incorporated in the medium was examined, and thirdly, the effect of important growth factors in serum was studied by adding different serum components to the fluid basal medium instead of rabbit serum. Growth was always determined after 4 days' incubation at 35 degrees C, either by counting numbers of spirochete cells in a Petroff-Hauser counting chamber or by measuring the turbidity of the culture spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. There was no difference in growth by using an atmosphere containing 1% oxygen or an anaerobic atmosphere. It was found that serum (rabbit or human) was an essential growth component, and no single growth factor could replace rabbit serum. Only a long chain fatty acid mixture and an amino acid solution could, to a minor extent, stimulate growth compared to the basal medium without rabbit serum. Sodium bicarbonate inhibited growth of all strains. Finally, none of the strains fermented a series of low molecular weight carbohydrates, but all strains produced H2S and indole.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1990

Effects of molecular oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and antioxidants upon in vitro replication of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.

The effects of various concentrations of dithiothreitol, molecular oxygen, and several antioxidants upon the in vitro replication of Treponema pallidum were studied. The optimal dithiothreitol concentration was between 0.65 and 1.62 mM, and the optimum oxygen concentration was 3.0% +/- 0.5% in both the presence and absence of additional antioxidants. It was discovered that the reduced sulfhydryl concentration and the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium were stabilized after 5 days. The water-soluble antioxidants cobalt chloride, cocarboxylase, mannitol, and histidine were individually tested for their ability to increase treponemal growth in vitro. The optimum concentrations for these antioxidants were 21 nM, 4.3 nM, 0.55 mM, and 0.23 mM, respectively. When combined at these concentrations, the mixture of antioxidants stimulated the in vitro replication of T. pallidum. The number of treponemes in cultures with the antioxidants averaged a 59-fold increase, compared with a 43-fold increase in cultures lacking the antioxidants. It was further demonstrated that histidine and mannitol were the most critical components of this mixture. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were investigated for their ability to promote the growth and maintain viability of T. pallidum in tissue culture. The optimum concentrations for these enzymes were 10,000 U/liter and 25,000 U/liter, respectively. When these enzymes and the above antioxidants were combined and added to a chemically reduced modified Eagle medium, the treponemes increased an average of 70-fold, compared with an average of 35-fold in cultures lacking them. Furthermore, this medium, T. pallidum culture medium, supported the replication of T. pallidum at oxygen concentrations from 5 to 7% with little loss in yield or viability. The lipid-soluble antioxidants vitamin A and vitamin E acetate were also shown to enhance the in vitro growth of T. pallidum in this medium.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1964

DEPENDENCY OF TREPONEMA MICRODENTIUM ON OTHER ORAL ORGANISMS FOR ISOBUTYRATE, POLYAMINES, AND A CONTROLLED OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL.

Socransky, S. S. (Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Mass.), W. J. Loesche, C. Hubersak, and J. B. Macdonald. Dependency of Treponema microdentium on other oral organisms for isobutyrate, polyamines, and a controlled oxidation-reduction potential. J. Bacteriol. 88:200-209. 1964.-Strains of Treponema microdentium can be cultivated on a variety of autoclaved commercially available media in the presence of other oral organisms. Organisms supporting growth in these circumstances include a facultative diphtheroid accompanied by either a strain of Fusobacterium or a motile gram-negative anaerobic rod. Culture filtrates and lysates of these "supporting organisms" failed to substitute for growing organisms. Measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of the test system demonstrated that the spirochetes grew in a narrow range of Eh (optimum, -190 mv). The supporting organisms could be replaced by their filtrates when the Eh of the medium was poised in this range by a combination of reducing agents. Both filtrates contained a heat-labile factor required by the spirochete, which could be replaced by 5 mug/ml of cocarboxylase. Isobutyric acid, which could be detected in the fusiform filtrate, and putrescine which could be detected in the diphtheroid filtrate, replaced the spirochete's remaining filtrate requirement. Maximal growth occurred when any of the following were incorporated into the medium: 2 mug/ml of sodium isobutyrate; 250 mug/ml of putrescine dihydrochloride; 200 mug/ml of spermidine phosphosphate, or 150 mug/ml of spermine tetrahydrochloride.

Amines↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of combined therapy on the ortofen concentration of the blood plasma and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

A pharmacologic investigation confirmed the possibility of deliberate correction of pharmacological properties of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparation orthophen in a clinical setting by combining it with those drugs (cimetidin and cocarboxylase) capable of inhibiting elimination of orthophen from the body. In consequence, the level of the drug gets elevated not only in blood plasma but also in the synovial fluid of those joints affected by inflammation, which fact secures high efficiency of the antiinflammatory therapy.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of oxidative stress indices during treatment in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation.

BACKGROUND: We investigated treatment-related changes in oxidative stress indices in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) during pregnancy. Four parameters of cell membrane destruction were measured: malondialdehyde, Schiff bases, lipid peroxides, and conjugated dienes. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study population included pregnant women under treatment in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Medical University of Łódź in 1997-1999, divided into two groups: (I) - 30 healthy pregnant women, (II) - 31 pregnant women with a clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of IUGR. The course of treatment consisted of ten days of intravenous injections of cocarboxylase, Vitamin C, and solcoseryl as antioxidant factors. The parameters of oxidative stress were measured on the first day of hospitalization, after five days of treatment, and on the 10th day of treatment. RESULTS: The mean value of MDA concentration in Group I was 2.03, vs. 2.39 in Group II. The mean value of conjugated dienes was 2.40 in Group I and 2.41 in Group II. The Schiff bases concentration in Group I was 8.03, as opposed to 8.83 in Group II. The concentration of lipid peroxides was 0.113 in Group I and 0.134 in Group II. We found that all the parameters of oxidative stress were higher in IUGR than in normal pregnancy. At the end of treatment a decrease was observed in all oxidative stress parameters. CONCLUSIONS: IUGR is correlated with an increase in membrane damage parameters. Therapy for IUGR decreased the values of all indices of oxidative stress.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of pentoses in erythrocytes of patients with Erb's myopathy].

It is established that in erythrocytes of patients with Erb's myopathy the total content of carbohydrates is considerably decreased and the content of pentoses is increased. After administration of ATP and cocarboxylase for 28-32 days in patients with inconsiderable atrophies the content of pentoses of the adenylic system increases and in the group with the developed atrophies the level of phosphorylated pentoses increases. The data obtained make it possible to consider metabolism of glucose in erythrocytes with Erb's myopathy transfers to the embryonic level.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparative separation of thiamine di- and triphosphates by ion-exchange chromatography].

The conditions were developed for preparative isolation of thiamine triphosphate (TTP) from a mixture of phosphoric acid esters of thiamine (PET) (40-80 mg thiamine). The Dowex 1 x 4 resin (acetate form) and triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), pH 4.5 as an eluent were used. The employment of volatile TEAA instead of acetate buffer facilitates the obtaining of concentrated TTP preparations and their subsequent identification. This method is successfully used for purification of commercial cocarboxylase preparations (TDP) (80 mg by PET). In comparison with electrophoresis and paper chromatography, the preparative isolation of TTP and TDP by the ion-exchange chromagraphic method is less laborious and permits larger amounts of PET to be separated for a single run.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and basic properties of thiamine pyrophosphokinase from brewing yeast].

Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.7.2) isolated from dry brewing yeast has been purified 20-fold with a 70% yield. Certain properties of the enzyme have been determined: pH and temperature optima, donor and acceptor concentrations, and relationship between the rate of cocarboxylase biosynthesis and the incubation time and the enzyme quantity. The effects of concentrations of bivalent metal ions Co2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ on the rate of the enzymic reaction has been studied. A change in the pH optimum as a function of the nature of the ion-activator has been investigated. It has been shown that neopyrithiamin is a competitive inhibitor and oxythiamin inhibits the enzymic reaction insignificantly. Thiamine phosphate cannot be transformed into thiamine diphosphate by the purified enzyme.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed1977

[Thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholics. Value of pre- and postoperative treatment].

Thiamine deficiency in the chronic alcoholic would appear to have a triple origin: inadequate intake, absorption and utilisation. Its consequences are well known: peripheral neuropathy, WERNICKE and KORSAKOFF type encephalopathies and cardiac problems (with asystole at the extreme). The active principle of thiamine, TPP or cocarboxylase, is involved as a coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and of alphaketoglutarate decarboxylase in the ocidative decarboxylation reactions of the Krebs cycle. TPP is involved as a coenzyme of transketolase in the transketolisation reactions of the pentose pathway. The stimation of transketolase demonstrates a deficiency in thiamine. Fourteen patients suffering from surgical ENT malignancies were involved in the present study. Seven patients received vitamin B therapy before and after the operation. The results showed a significant decrease in thiamine deficiency. Seven were used as controls and did not receive vitamin B therapy. Transketolase estimations showed and increase in the deficiency. Thiamine deficiency exists in the chronic alcoholic and may be corrected by the administration of B vitamins.

Alcoholism↗