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Results for “CEREBROSPINAL FLUID”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid are an uncommon finding that is most often the result of a helminthic infection of the central nervous system. Information from the recorded literature suggests the differential diagnosis of this clinical observation is relatively limited. Therefore, in the appropriate clinical circumstances, cryptic cases of central nervous system disease might be resolved or the diagnostic possibilities at least narrowed by finding these cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea following rhinoplasty.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, whatever the etiology, is a serious and life-threatening problem. We present a case following rhinoplasty. To our knowledge, this specific complication has not been reported, most likely because it has gone unrecognized, since most cerebrospinal fluid leaks cease spontaneously. Surgeons performing rhinoplasty should be aware of this potential complication, how to confirm the diagnosis, and methods for its treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The acute paralysis in Guillain-Barré syndrome is related to a Na+ channel blocking factor in the cerebrospinal fluid.

The effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with severe polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome, GBS) on voltage-dependent Na+ channels of myoballs was studied. The transient Na+ currents, elicited by repetitive stimulation at 1 Hz, were inhibited by the CSF from most of the GBS patients to 10%-40% the control value. The inhibition was complete in about 5 s and was fully reversible. Such inhibition was never seen with control CSF. The blocking property of the CSF from GBS patients was lost after the number of cells and the protein content had been lowered by means of a clinical filtration technique for cerebrospinal fluid. The results demonstrate that in Guillain-Barré syndrome blocking factors of Na+ channels are present in the CSF, impairing neuron impulse conduction, and thereby causing muscular weakness and sensory disturbances in the affected patient.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1981

A migrainous syndrome with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.

Abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rare in migraine, even when accompanied by focal neurologic signs and symptoms. Seven patients without a prior history of migraine experienced a limited series of migraine-like attacks associated with abnormalities of the CSF. The episodic, severe headaches were preceded and accompanied by sensory, motor, speech, and visual disturbances. The CSF showed a predominantly lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein, and elevated opening pressure. All seven patients recovered completely. We postulate that the migrainous episodes were symptomatic of an underlying inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. This distinctive combination of symptoms and CSF findings constitutes a benign syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Negative cultures of cerebrospinal fluid in partially treated bacterial meningitis.

Admission cerebrospinal fluid and serum were examined for antimicrobial activity in 296 Egyptian patients hospitalized with signs of meningitis. Assays were positive in 92%; 60% had large levels of antimicrobial activity in cerebrospinal fluid. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 102 patients. The negative cerebrospinal fluid cultures in 58 of these patients were in part due to the antimicrobial activity in the cerebrospinal fluid. Mortality in patients with bacterial meningitis was greatest when cultures were positive and moderate levels of antimicrobial activity were present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Survival in these patients appeared to be enhanced if their prehospitalization antimicrobial use suppressed bacterial growth in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed2002

Serotonin in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys: basal levels and effects of sertraline administration.

RATIONALE: Studies of rodents suggest that extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin (5-HT) concentrations provide a better index of released 5-HT than the frequently obtained measure of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The measurement of cisternal CSF 5-HT levels in the monkey might offer a method of assessing the effects of agents and actions on central 5-HT functioning in primate brain. OBJECTIVE: To address methodological issues related to the determination of monkey cisternal CSF 5-HT and to examine the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the measure. METHODS: Monkey CSF was obtained by cisternal puncture and 5-HT levels determined by high performance liquid chromatography, after screening for blood contamination. RESULTS: When blood contamination was minimized, a mean (+/-SD) basal concentration of cisternal CSF 5-HT 87+/-36 pg/ml (n=13) was observed. Good longitudinal stability (variances of 16 and 20%) of CSF 5-HT was demonstrated in two monkeys sampled over a 3-month period. A two-fold increase in CSF 5-HT was seen in seven animals treated with the SSRI sertraline (20 mg/kg PO, mean treatment period of 12 days): pre- and post-drug 5-HT concentrations were 85+/-39 and 162+/-53 pg/ml (P=0.0007); in contrast, levels of 5-HIAA decreased from 40.0+/-5.7 to 20.4+/-2.2 ng/ml (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of monkey cisternal CSF 5-HT appears to provide a useful index of central 5-HT release. Initial results tend to support a role for increased extracellular 5-HT in the mechanism of action of chronically administered SSRIs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Physicochemical alterations in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine in experimental lactic acidosis in sheep.

Ruminal acidosis was induced in six adult sheep by oral feeding of wheat grain at 90 g kg-1 body-weight. Ruminal fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples were collected before grain feeding (0 h) and thereafter at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hour intervals. Decrease in the rumen pH was associated with decreased pH in blood, CSF and urine and increased total lactic acid concentrations in rumen liquor, blood, CSF and urine. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased levels of sodium, inorganic phosphorus and decreased levels of potassium and calcium were observed in the serum of acidotic sheep. CSF analysis revealed decreased potassium and chloride levels and increased glucose concentration and total leucocyte count within 12 hours of the grain feeding. Pandy's test was positive in half of the surviving sheep at 12 hours and in all the sheep at 96 and 120 hours of observation. In urine, sodium and chloride levels decreased while potassium and inorganic phosphorus increased. The changes in the biochemical parameters started within 12 hours and lasted up to 48 to 120 hours of the observation period.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1989

Nerve growth factor in human amniotic and cerebrospinal fluid.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide hormone involved in development of the sympathetic and central nervous systems. The detection and measurement of NGF in clinical samples would be useful in evaluating its role in various disease states. In this report, NGF activity and protein levels have been investigated in human amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid samples. In amniotic fluid, NGF activity was found at levels ranging from less than 10 pM to nanomolar. The activity in all samples was blocked by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to mouse NGF. The finding of NGF in clinically obtainable samples raises the possibility of correlating NGF levels with a variety of disorders in which changes in NGF levels or activity have been implicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosis and management of otologic cerebrospinal fluid leak.

This article categorizes cerebrospinal fluid leaks as traumatic or nontraumatic in origin. It explains the physiology of the milieu of cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It then discusses the detection, assessment, causes, clinical presentation, and management related to clinical pathologies.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and recurrent meningitis.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is the result of transdural communication between the subarachnoid space and the skull base. A transdural fistula may originate from the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial compartments. All skull-base sites of leakage potentially lead to the nasal cavity. Recurrent meningitis is commonly associated with such a direct source of bacterial contamination. Organisms associated with recurrent meningitis secondary to cerebrospinal fluid leaks are commonly found in the upper respiratory tract. We report a case of recurrent meningitis in a 5-year-old girl that highlights the problem of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and we discuss etiology, current diagnostic techniques, and surgical management.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea↗
PubMed2006

An alternative approach for management of abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocysts in children.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abdominal pseudocyst is an uncommon but important complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. From the collected series, several features about the etiology and management become apparent. Retrospective data were obtained from 12 children treated with cerebrospinal fluid abdominal pseudocyst defined an alternative approach for management of these patients. METHODS: There were eight girls and four boys who ranged in age from 12 days to 18 years old (mean 7.7 months). The most frequent etiology of the hydrocephalus was Chiari type II malformation in six cases. Initial presentation with shunt malfunction was detected in nine cases. Abdominal distention and/or pain were the most frequent finding in our series (10/12). In only one case, infection was detected for all cerebrospinal fluid abdominal pseudocysts (8.3%). Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) externalization, antibiotics, and cyst aspiration was performed in 8/12 cases as initial management of abdominal pseudocyst. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt reinsertion in abdominal cavity and/or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was performed as final management in 9/12. Ventriculoatrial shunt was used only in three cases. Recurrence of the abdominal cyst was observed in two cases. DISCUSSION: Based on the success rate (75%) in our series submitted to this management, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt can be safely reinserted in the majority of the patients. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy could be performed in selected cases as an alternative approach. Although infection has been reported as responsible for pseudocyst formation, it was only exceptionally found in our series.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Clinical relevance of the quantification of apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid.

Apolipoprotein E was measured in paired sera and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 483 neurological patients. The average apolipoprotein E concentration was 7.5 (+/- 3.1) mg/l in cerebrospinal fluid and 93.5 (+/- 29.7) mg/l in serum. Mean apolipoprotein B concentrations in 88 patients were 0.77 +/- 3.4 mg/l in cerebrospinal fluid and 1.06 +/- 0.31 g/l in serum. The apolipoprotein E concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was much greater than expected for passive diffusion from serum. By contrast to apolipoprotein B, there was no correlation between the apolipoprotein E cerebrospinal fluid/serum concentration quotient and the albumin concentration quotient. This suggests that apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid, unlike apolipoprotein B, is locally synthesized and that the use of a cerebrospinal fluid/serum concentration quotient is unnecessary. In a control group (n = 64) the mean cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E value (+/- SD) was 5.9 (1.6) mg/l. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentrations were observed in acute (n = 22, 12.5 +/- 6.2 mg/l) and chronic inflammatory central nervous system diseases (n = 15, 10.4 +/- 2.4 mg/l).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Shunt fluid aspiration: an adjunct in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.

Bacterial isolates were obtained from 42 of 59 cultures of shunt fluid aspirated from patients with infected cerebrospinal fluid shunts. The etiologic agent was recovered from 24 to 25 aspirates from patients who were not receiving antibiotics and from 18 of 34 aspirates from patients who were receiving antibiotics. Aspiration, culture, and Gram stain of shunt fluid should be considered in patients suspected of having a shunt infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Complications of lumbar administration of 5% sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula].

BACKGROUND: The detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in the region of the anterior or lateral skull base can be difficult. The fluorescein test with lumbar administration of 5% sodium fluorescein solution can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leakage, identify weak points in the dura, achieve precise localisation of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and to check intraoperatively that watertight dural closure has been achieved. However, use of the test is problematic as the fluorescein solution used is not licensed for this indication in Germany and severe neurological complications are described in the literature. In order to clarify the legal situation regarding use of the test, we therefore analysed the complications occurring in a sizeable patient sample. METHOD: The records of all patients in whom a fluorescein test had been performed between 1979 and June 2000 were analysed retrospectively for the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: The most frequent complication in the 368 fluorescein tests performed was headache, followed by nausea and vomiting, temperature elevation, dizziness and nuchal pain. These side-effects were no more frequent than described for lumbar puncture alone. Twenty-six patients experienced side-effects on the day of the operation, 65 on the first postoperative day, 36 on the second day, 34 on the third day and 13 patients after the third day. There were two cases of grand mal seizures following concomitant intrathecal contrast medium administration. None of the patients had side effects persisting longer than 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal administration of a 5 % fluorescein solution is a safe procedure provided that the maximum dosages are not exceeded and the solution is prepared and administered correctly and in accordance with the specified indications and contraindications. In view of its great diagnostic benefit and low risk when properly used, the dictates of therapeutic freedom allow use of this drug despite the fact that it is not licensed for this purpose in Germany. It is necessary to obtain written informed consent from the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula and endoscopic sinus surgery.

Seven cases of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae occurring as a result of endoscopic sinus surgery in a total of 800 ethmoidectomies are discussed, along with 1 case referred for consultation. One cerebrospinal fluid fistula was intrasphenoid, 4 were posterior ethmoid/base of skull, 2 were anterior ethmoid, and 1 was ethmoid cribriform. Six of 8 fistulae were closed endoscopically. The sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid fistula was closed successfully with fibrin glue and Gelfoam. Five cerebrospinal fluid fistulae were closed successfully using fascia, muscle, and Gel-foam. Two cerebrospinal fluid fistulae were treated conservatively, and only 1 stopped. Anatomic and technical aspects related to the occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae are discussed. Management and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae occurring during and after endoscopic sinus surgery is emphasized. When identified intraoperatively or delayed, cerebrospinal fluid fistulae can be managed successfully by endoscopic technique.

Adult↗