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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (Nichols) and Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue (CDC 2575) differ in at least one nucleotide: comparison of two homologous antigens.

In an attempt to identify antigenic differences between Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) and Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue (T. pertenue) a gene bank of T. pertenue was constructed in lambda vector EMBL3. Clones carrying the T. pertenue gene encoding a 190 kDa protein, TyF1, were selected and the DNA was expressed in E. coli. TyF1 was shown to be closely related, but slightly different from the previously cloned T. pallidum antigen TpF1. TyF1 and TpF1 are high molecular weight antigens of about 190 kDa, which dissociate into 19 kDa subunits after heat treatment in presence of SDS. The difference between the two proteins is most obvious after treatment with proteinase K, which yields a 115 kDa component from TyF1 and a 95 kDa component from TpF1, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The structural genes encoding TyF1 and TpF1 were sequenced and the predicted amino acid sequences differed in a single amino acid residue at position 40, which is arginine in TyF1 and glutamine in TpF1. Similarities TyF1 and TpF1 with the previously described 4D antigen are discussed. The antibody response to TyF1 and TpF1 seems higher in syphilis patients than in yaws patients. The possibility of using the difference between these T. pallidum and the T. Pertenue antigens for serological discrimination of syphilis and yaws is discussed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2006

HIV incidence and CDC's HIV prevention budget: an exploratory correlational analysis.

BACKGROUND: The central evaluative question about a national HIV prevention program is whether that program affects HIV incidence. Numerous factors may influence incidence, including public investment in HIV prevention. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between public investment and the HIV epidemic in the United States. METHODS: This 2006 exploratory analysis examined the period from 1978 through 2006 using a quantitative, lagged, correlational analysis to capture the relationship between national HIV incidence and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV prevention budget in the United States over time. RESULTS: The analyses suggest that early HIV incidence rose in advance of the nation's HIV prevention investment until the mid-1980s (1-year lag correlation, r=0.972, df=2, p <0.05). From that point on, it appears that the nation's investment in HIV prevention became a strong correlate of HIV incidence (1-year lag correlation, r=-0.905, df=18, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study provides correlational evidence of a relationship between U.S. HIV incidence and the federal HIV prevention budget over time, and calls for further analysis of the role of funding and other factors that may influence the direction of a nation's HIV epidemic.

Budgets↗
PubMed2005

Pbcrk-1, the Plasmodium berghei orthologue of P. falciparum cdc-2 related kinase-1 (Pfcrk-1), is essential for completion of the intraerythrocytic asexual cycle.

The molecular mechanisms underlying gametocytogenesis in malaria parasites are not understood. Plasmodium falciparum cdc2-related kinase 1 (pfcrk-1), a gene that is expressed predominantly in gametocytes, bears homology to the PITSLRE subfamily of cyclin-dependent kinases and has been hypothesized to function as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. We attempted to knock-out pbcrk-1, the P. berghei orthologue of pfcrk-1, but were unable to recover P. berghei parasites with a disrupted pbcrk-1 locus. In contrast, an integration event at this locus that did not result in a loss-of-function of the pbcrk-1 gene was readily observed. This strongly suggests that a functional pbcrk-1 gene product is essential to intraerythrocytic asexual multiplication.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Coalition models: lessons learned from the CDC's Community Coalition Partnership Programs for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy.

PURPOSE: To describe the models created by the 13 communities in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Coalition Partnership Program (CCPP), and the relationship between key organizational features of the coalitions and the perception by coalition members of interim and community-wide outcomes. METHODS: This study relied on three sources of data: interviews conducted on site with a sample of coalition staff, evaluators, and members (n = 364); a written survey administered after the site visit to those interviewed (n = 216) asking about perceived outcomes and changes between the beginning and end of the project; and a coalition member survey mailed to all coalition members at all sites (n = 341) focusing on perceptions of coalition functioning, outcomes, and satisfaction. RESULTS: A variety of coalition models were developed. Respondents were positive in their assessments of how their coalitions operated even though few were sustained. The coalitions for which members perceived more positive outcomes were better established at the outset of the grant, led by paid staff, and had an area-wide focus, a steering committee, and a hub that was not a community-based organization. Coalitions composed primarily of neighborhood members were difficult to maintain. CONCLUSIONS: Despite members' high ratings, by the end of the funding period most coalitions were no longer functioning. It may be that coalitions are useful but not as permanent structures in communities. Grassroots and individual members not affiliated with an agency may require meaningful incentives to sustain participation. Because maturity of the coalition at the start of the project was a good predictor of sustainability, time should be spent verifying the stage of coalition development before funding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Community capacity building in CDC's Community Coalition Partnership Programs for the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy.

PURPOSE: To describe lessons learned from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Coalition Partnership Program (CCPP) about building a community's capacity to prevent teen pregnancy through strengthening of partnerships, mobilization of community resources, and changes in the number and quality of community programs. METHODS: A multi-component post-test-only evaluation. In-person interviews (n = 364) were conducted with a sample of CCPP project staff, evaluators, and community and agency members from each of the 13 CCPP communities. RESULTS: All partnerships reported that new groups worked together to address teen pregnancy prevention; however, more time, effort, and resources than anticipated were spent engaging these groups and strengthening their partnerships. Respondents reported increases in community awareness of the problem of teen pregnancy and the willingness to discuss the issue. As a result of partnerships' activities, knowledge and skills related to addressing teen pregnancy improved among partnership members, but respondents were concerned that the broader community did not share these gains. To a lesser extent, respondents reported that partners worked together to reduce duplication and fill gaps in services either through increased collaboration and/or differentiation of activities. Respondents from most of the partnerships also reported new programs were developed as a result of the project; however, in several partnerships, only a few programs were developed in their community. Many respondents doubted whether the limited mobilization of resources during the program would translate into increased agency and community capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, increased partner skills, program improvements, and new programs did not appear to be sufficient to affect community capacity. Research is needed to identify the pathways between changes in community capacity and in individual-level behavior that might result in the avoidance or reduction of teen pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors predictive of increased influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in long-term care facilities: the CMS-CDC standing orders program Project.

BACKGROUND: Between 1999 and 2002, a multistate demonstration project was conducted in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to encourage implementation of standing orders programs (SOP) as evidence-based vaccine delivery strategies to increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in LTCFs. OBJECTIVE: Examine predictors of increase in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in LTCFs. DESIGN: Intervention study. Self-administered surveys of LTCFs merged with data from OSCAR (On-line Survey Certification and Reporting System) and immunization coverage was abstracted from residents' medical charts in LTCFs. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty LTCFs were sampled from 9 intervention and 5 control states in the 2000 to 2001 influenza season for baseline and during the 2001 to 2002 influenza season for postintervention. INTERVENTION: Each state's quality improvement organization (QIO) promoted the use of standing orders for immunizations as well as other strategies to increase immunization coverage among LTCF residents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multivariate analysis included Poisson regression to determine independent predictors of at least a 10 percentage-point increase in facility influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage. RESULTS: Forty-two (20%) and 59 (28%) of the facilities had at least a 10 percentage-point increase in influenza and pneumococcal immunizations, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, predictors associated with increase in influenza vaccination coverage included adoption of requirement in written immunization protocol to document refusals, less-demanding consent requirements, lower baseline influenza coverage, and small facility size. Factors associated with increase in pneumococcal vaccination coverage included adoption of recording pneumococcal immunizations in a consistent place, affiliation with a multifacility chain, and provision of resource materials. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the health of LTCF residents, strategies should be considered that increase immunization coverage, including written protocol for immunizations and documentation of refusals, documenting vaccination status in a consistent place in medical records, and minimal consent requirements for vaccinations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

CDC announcement

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Preventing bloodborne pathogen transmission from health-care workers to patients. The CDC perspective.

The development of recommendations to manage the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission from health-care workers to patients during invasive procedures has been difficult, primarily because of the limitations of available scientific data. Ultimately, both health-care workers and patients will be protected best by compliance with infection control precautions and by development of new instruments, protective equipment, and techniques that reduce the likelihood of intraoperative blood exposure without adversely affecting patient care.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗