Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Buttocks”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Two arcane areas in liposuction: the banana and the sensuous triangle.

Two new approaches in suction lipectomy of the buttocks region are described: liposuction of the "banana" and liposuction of the "sensuous triangle." The banana is the highest part of the posterior thigh just below the buttocks crease. It appears only in certain individuals and appears as a bulge under the buttocks crease. The preferred approach to liposuction of the banana is discussed as well as a theory as to its etiology. A common complication of liposuction of this area is ptosis of the buttocks crease. Methods of treatment of this complication are also discussed. The second topic addressed is liposuction of the sensuous triangle which is at the junction of the lateral buttocks, lateral thigh, and posterior thigh. The result of suctioning this area is a more athletic-appearing buttocks region.

Buttocks↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of a diclofenac transdermal patch for the attenuation of venous cannulation pain: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Venous cannulation, although a minor procedure, is often painful. The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of a diclofenac transdermal patch placed over the venepuncture site in decreasing the pain of cannulation. Seventy-two adults undergoing elective surgery were included in this randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were divided into three equal groups. The Control group had a placebo adhesive patch placed on the both the dorsum of hand and the buttock; the Diclofenac-Buttock group had a placebo patch placed on the dorsum of the hand and a diclofenac transdermal patch on the buttock; the Diclofenac-Hand group had a diclofenac transdermal patch placed on the dorsum of hand and a placebo patch on the buttock. The patches were applied 1 h before cannulation. An 18G cannula was used for all venous cannulations. Pain during cannulation was assessed on a non-graduated 10-cm visual analogue scale. Median [interquartile range] pain scores were 3.0 [2.0-4.0] in the Diclofenac-Hand group, 5.0 [4.3-7.8] in the Diclofenac-Buttock group and 6.5 [4.5-7.0] in the Control group, p < 0.05. The numbers needed to treat were six and two in the Diclofenac-Buttock and Diclofenac-Hand groups, respectively. The application of a diclofenac transdermal patch at the cannulation site appears to be effective in decreasing cannulation pain.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can physique and gluteal size predict penile length in adult Nigerian men?

BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, especially among the Igbo tribe, there is a well-held belief that a man's penile size can be predicted from his physique and the size of his buttocks, with people of small physique and flat buttocks likely to have long penile lengths. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study to test the scientific veracity of this traditional and apparently mythical belief. Stretched penile length was measured in 115 men between the ages of 30-65 years and its correlation with the body-mass index and the circumference of the hip as measured around the most prominent points on their buttocks, was statistically determined. RESULT: The mean age of the subjects was 42.30 years (SD = 9.67), with a median of 40 years and a range of 30-65 years. The mean penile length was 13.37 cm with a median of 13 cm and a range of 7.5-19.5 cm. The mean circumference of the body around the buttocks was 96.46 cm (SD = 10.91), median 98 cm, and range 73-122 cm. The body-mass index ranged 17.34-44.44, with the mean at 26.87 (SD = 5.86), and the median 25.53. Linear regression statistics showed no statistically significant correlation between stretched penile length and body-mass index, thus physique. There was a significant direct correlation between penile length and gluteal size. CONCLUSION: The supposed relationship between penile length and gluteal size may have a scientific basis, but contrary to belief, large buttocks is more predictive of longer penile length than small buttocks. Penile length has no relationship to physique.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Preservation of pelvic circulation with hypogastric artery bypass in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with bilateral iliac artery aneurysms.

PURPOSE: The endovascular repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with a bilateral common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) often requires exclusion of the bilateral hypogastric artery (HA), which can be associated with pelvic ischemic complications such as erectile dysfunction and buttock claudication. This study assessed the effect of HA bypass on improving pelvic circulation. METHODS: Five patients who underwent endovascular repair with HA bypass for an AAA with bilateral CIAA were evaluated. In all patients, the patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and bilateral HAs arteries was confirmed with preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and angiography. During EVAR, penile blood flow was monitored with pulse-volume plethysmography measuring the penile brachial pressure index (PBI), and bilateral buttock blood flow was monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy measuring the gluteal tissue oxygenation index (TOI). An aortouni-external iliac artery stent graft with a crossover bypass was performed after embolization of the contralateral HA. HA bypass was performed between the crossover bypass graft and the ipsilateral HA via a retroperitoneal incision. RESULTS: Unilateral coil embolization of the contralateral side HA trunk slightly decreased blood flow to the contralateral side buttock but did not cause significant changes in penile blood flow. At the completion of EVAR, the levels of both PBI and the contralateral side TOI were significantly lower than the baseline levels. After ipsilateral side HA revascularization with HA bypass, both PBI and bilateral gluteal flow returned almost to the baseline levels. Postoperative angiography and CT scans demonstrated the patency of all HA bypasses and no endoleaks. None of the patients experienced new onset of erectile dysfunction or buttock claudication 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: Bilateral HA interruption during EVAR for AAA with bilateral CIAA was associated with significant depletion of both penile and gluteal blood flow. Intraoperative monitoring of PBI and TOI at the bilateral buttocks showed significant improvement of both parameters after HA bypass. HA bypass is an excellent procedure to improve pelvic circulation despite its increased surgical complexity.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The piriformis muscle syndrome: a simple diagnostic maneuver.

Current maneuvers to diagnose the piriformis syndrome are less than ideal. Freiberg's maneuver of forceful internal rotation of the extended thigh elicits buttock pain by stretching the piriformis muscle, and Pace's maneuver elicits pain by having the patient abduct the legs in the seated position, which causes a contraction of the piriformis muscle. This report describes a maneuver performed by the patient lying with the painful side up, the painful leg flexed, and the knee resting on the table. Buttock pain is produced when the patient lifts and holds the knee several inches off the table. The maneuver produced deep buttock pain in three patients with piriformis syndrome. In 100 consecutive patients with surgically documented herniated lumbar discs, the maneuver often produced lumbar and leg pain but not deep buttock pain. In 27 patients with primary hip abnormalities, pain was often produced in the trochanteric area but not in the buttock. The maneuver described in this report was helpful in diagnosing the piriformis syndrome. It relies on contraction of the muscle, rather than stretching, which the author believes better reproduces the actual syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Electric muscle stimulation for pressure sore prevention: tissue shape variation.

This study measured changes in tissue shape and deformation at the seating interface produced by electric muscle stimulation (EMS) of the gluteus maximus. The purpose of the study was to investigate the application of EMS for pressure sore prevention. Limitations of pressure measurements for analysis of load distribution are discussed and a rationale developed for using tissue shape and deformation to further characterize the seating interface. Ultrasonic imaging of the seating interface is described under three conditions: buttocks suspended, external load applied with no EMS, and external load applied with bilateral EMS of the buttocks. Results show that low level stimulation of the gluteus maximus produces substantial changes in the shape of the loaded buttocks and an external contour more nearly shaped like the suspended buttocks. It is concluded that EMS produces buttock tissue undulation and shape reconfiguration which may assist in preventing pressure sores over the seating surface.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cellulitis after hip surgery: long-term follow-up of seven cases.

Cellulitis of the buttock after hip surgery is rarely reported, but raises concern about possible infection of the implant. In view of this we have investigated the frequency of previous hip surgery in patients with cellulitis of the hip and/or buttock and assessed for any predisposing factors. A review was made of the case notes of all patients admitted to our department with infectious cellulitis of the hip and/or buttock between 1981 and 1995. Seven of nine patients previously had had implantation of a hip prosthesis. The interval between skin infection and surgery was 7-9 weeks in two patients and 55-520 weeks in five. No infection of the implant was evident. The assumed portals of entry were gluteal fold intertrigo, tinea pedis, psoriatic plaque and a carbuncle of the buttock. The infection was successfully treated by intravenous antibiotics and, after a follow-up of a mean 64 months, no recurrence of cellulitis has been observed and only one aseptic loosening has occurred. Infectious cellulitis of the hip or buttock following hip surgery can occur secondary to impaired lymphatic drainage, a few weeks up to several years after surgery, without there being any infection of the orthopaedic implant.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pseudoaneurysm of the gluteal artery: 2 case reports].

INTRODUCTION: Gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms are very rare [1]. They mostly occur after gunshot and stub wounds [2]. However, gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms can be caused by pelvic fracture [1]. Also, they can be isolated or associated with trauma of the pelvic and abdominal viscera [3]. The authors present two cases of gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms. Case 1. A 30-year-old man was treated for large swelling of the left buttock. One month previously he manifested a gunshot wound in the gluteal region. He also had symptoms of lumboischialgia with peroneal nerve paresis. The physical examination revealed a large pulsatile mass over the left buttock with an associated overlying bruit. Selective angiography of the internal iliac artery (Figure 1) revealed a large inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm that caused dislocation of both external and internal iliac arteries. The patient was operated under epidural anaesthesia by the combined abdominal (extraperitoneal) and gluteal approach. By extraperitoneal approach the internal iliac artery was identified and ligated. After the closure of the wound, the patient was placed on the abdomen, and pseudoaneurysm was opened by an incision made between gluteus maximus and medius muscles. After evacuation of the parietal thrombus and pseudocapsule resection, nutrient vessels were ligated. The postoperative recovery was good, and the patient was free of neurologic symptoms two days after the operation. The late result (after 4 years) is also good. Case 2. A-53-year-old man was treated for small haematoma pulsans (Figure 2) in the right buttock. Fifteen days previously he was treated in the regional hospital by intramuscular "antirheumatic cocktails". The physical examination revealed a small pulsatile mass over the right buttock associated with overlying bruit. The selective angiography of the internal iliac artery demonstrated a small inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm. The patient was operated by the procedure described. The postoperative recovery and the late result (after 6 months) were good. DISCUSSION: According to our knowledge, only 8 cases of gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms are reported in literature in the last 11 years (including the first three months of this year) [4-8]. The lesions of the gluteal arteries, especially pseudoaneurysms, have no specific symptoms and signs. usually, they appear as haematoma pulsans and neurologic deficiency due to compression. (One of our patients). The gluteal abscess can be a differential diagnostic problem. Duplex ultrasonography, CT and selective angiography can be used in the diagnosis [5]. The standard surgical treatment of gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms consists of the ligature of the internal iliac artery (using transperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach) and pseudoaneurysmal resection and ligation of nutrient vessels by gluteal approach [9]. The second procedure is the temporary clamping of the internal iliac artery and transgluteal ligation of the nutrient vessels [7]. The microcatheter embolization of the nutrient vessels using standard invasive radiologic approaches via femoral artery is the method of choice in the treatment of gluteal artery pseudoaneurysms [10]. A buttock pulsatile mass and neurological deficiency in a patient with history of penetrating gluteal trauma, suggest the existence of gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm and require diagnostic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Factors determining the optimal body site and method for obtaining punch biopsies of human skin as a tissue in which to assess pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic endpoints in drug development studies.

There are potential advantages to detecting pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) endpoints in a tissue-based compartment such as the skin during the development of molecularly targeted drugs. We explored regional differences between inner arm, inner thigh, lower back and buttocks in 12 healthy male Caucasian volunteers in the tolerability of skin biopsy procedures; the Ki67 proliferation index; the frequency of detecting hair follicles and sweat glands; and the percentage of melanocytes. We also explored the amounts of tissue and protein obtained, and two separate methods of splitting biopsies for processing in mutually exclusive media. Biopsies from all body sites were well tolerated. The subjective ranking order was inner arm > buttocks = back > thigh. There were no statistically significant differences in the Ki67 labelling index (P > 0.05). The frequency of detecting sweat glands was the same in all body sites, but the frequency of detecting hair follicles was higher in back and buttock, compared to arm and thigh. The percentage of melanocytes was significantly lower in the buttocks compared to the back and thigh (P < 0.05), but not compared to the arm (P = 0.07). A 4-mm punch biopsy yielded a mean of 16.8 mg of tissue (range: 9-28 mg) and 160 microg of protein (range: 80-270 microg). In vivo sample splitting, by following a 2-mm punch with a 4-mm overpunch, had a shorter time from devascularisation to immersion into processing medium than ex vivo dissection of a 4-mm sample, which may be of importance to the assessment of labile endpoints. We conclude that multiple punch biopsies of the skin are feasible, with the buttocks representing the studied body site with the optimal balance between tolerability, hair follicle density and melanocyte density for obtaining tissue in which to assess PD and PK endpoints during drug development studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Determination of the photoprotective efficacy of a topical sunscreen against UVB-induced DNA damage in human epidermis.

The ability of a chemical sunscreen with a sun protection factor of ten to protect human skin in situ against UVB-induced DNA damage (cyclobutyl thymine dimers) was evaluated. Biopsies were taken from the left buttock of ten human volunteers prior to UVB (280-315 nm) exposure. Subsequently, a sunscreen (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 4) was applied to a delineated area on the right buttock. After a period of 30 min, the entire buttock area was irradiated in a UVB cabin with one minimal erythema dose. Immediately after irradiation, biopsy specimens were obtained from the UVB-exposed sunscreen- or vehicle-treated right buttock and from the non-treated UVB-exposed left buttock. Dimers were assayed in skin sections by immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal antibody against the cyclobutyl thymine dimer. The dimer-specific fluorescence from the epidermal cell nuclei, identified by counterstaining with propidium iodide, was quantified through computer-mediated image processing and analysis in skin sections of one sunscreen-treated and one vehicle-treated volunteer. After a single dose of UVB, significant dimer-specific nuclear fluorescence was observed and measured in the non-treated biopsy specimens. No nuclear fluorescence was observed and very little could be measured in the non-UVB-exposed skin and in the sunscreen-treated UVB-exposed skin respectively, indicating that the sunscreen offered good protection against the induction of cyclobutyl thymine dimers by UVB. This visual scoring is in general semiquantitative, but quantification through computer-mediated image processing was performed in one case for sunscreen-treated skin and in one case for vehicle-treated skin. Both assessments resulted in similar conclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Posterior approach to the sciatic nerve in adults: is euclidean geometry still necessary?

BACKGROUND: Every approach to the sciatic nerve in the buttocks currently requires the identification of pelvic bone structures. The large size of the nerve and its constant trajectory suggest that a simplified approach is possible. METHODS: During the first stage, 24 sciatic nerves in adult cadavers were dissected. The most significant findings were, (1) caudal to the piriformis muscle the sciatic nerve runs parallel to the midline (intergluteal sulcus); (2) the distance between the nerve and the intergluteal sulcus during this course is approximately 10 cm in adults, regardless of their gender, size, or body habits. In the clinical stage 20 blocks were performed at 10 cm from the midline of the buttocks using a nerve stimulator and insulated needles. RESULTS: All blocks were accomplished in less than 8.5 min. The technique proved easy to teach. Residents performed most of the blocks. Incision time, measured from the time of the injection, was less than 29 min in all cases. There were 18 successful blocks and 2 failures. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the intimate relationship of the sciatic nerve to the bony pelvis, the position of this nerve in the buttocks is constant. Caudal to the piriformis muscle the nerve runs vertically between the ischium and the greater trochanter. The location of this narrow passage, not the buttocks' size, determines the position of the nerve. While the size of the buttocks is variable among different individuals and in the same individual at different stages of adult life, the relationship of the sciatic nerve to the pelvis is constant throughout life. Using this relationship to our advantage, a sciatic block in adults can be accomplished at 10 cm lateral to the intergluteal sulcus without a need for identification of buried structures or line tracings.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Skin autofluorescence as a biological UVR dosimeter.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Collagen is one of the major endogenous skin fluorophores. Alteration in the structure of collagen due to chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure may influence the intensity of the autofluorescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between collagen-linked autofluorescence and sun exposure to clarify whether the skin can be used as a biological UVR dosimeter. METHODS: We conducted an in vivo study with 131 healthy volunteers. Fluorescence was measured from sun-exposed (dorsal forearm, forehead and shoulder) and sun-protected (buttock) skin and corrected for the impact of pigmentation and redness. The excitation wavelengths (Ex) and emission wavelengths (Em) were: Ex330:Em370, Ex330:Em455 and Ex370:Em455 nm. Individual UVR exposure data were collected both retrospectively and prospectively using questionnaires and electronic personal UVR dosimeters for a summer period. RESULTS: Age, but not sex, skin type or smoking habits correlated significantly positively with skin autofluorescence at Ex370:Em455 at all body sites (P<0.001, r(2)=0.08-0.26), and at Ex330:Em455 only at the buttock (P=0.001, r(2)=0.08), whereas age was not correlated with Ex330:Em370. Sun-protected buttock skin had significantly higher autofluorescence than sun-exposed skin (P-values<0.0001). Because of great between-subject differences in autofluorescence at different body sites, and because the autofluorescence at the unexposed buttock represents the baseline value, individual correction of skin autofluorescence measurement with that of the buttock was performed. Different measures of individual chronic cumulative UVR doses correlated significantly negatively with the skin autofluorescence ratio (F(ratio)), but the correlations were poor (r(2)=0.03-0.10). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the collagen-linked skin F(ratio) might be best to use as a measure of individual photodamage, a UVR dose effect, and that it is also a better marker of individual cumulative UVR dose than the used UVR exposure measurements. The methods used to obtain UVR exposure data might not be sensitive and specific enough.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative measurement of muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness in newborn by real-time ultrasonography: a useful method for site and depth evaluation in vaccination.

In order to quantify muscle thickness and choose the appropriate site for intramuscular injection of vaccines in neonates, we used ultrasonography to measure muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness of anterolateral mid-thigh, upper outer quadrant of buttock and middle area of deltoid in fifty full term (group 1) and thirty low birth weight (group 2) infants. A Hitachi EUB40 real-time scanner and a 5 MHz transducer was used in the study. We delineated the normal distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness in mid-thigh, buttock and deltoid areas of full term and low birth weight infants. There was no significant difference between male and female infants in the two groups. Muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness in the thigh area was 11.8 +/- 1.9 mm and 3.8 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively, in group 1; 8.6 +/- 1.7 mm and 2.7 +/- 0.5 mm in group 2. Figures in the buttock area were 10. 1 +/- 1.5 mm and 3.7 +/- 0.5 mm in group 1, 6.9 +/- 1.2 mm and 2.7 +/- 0.7 mm in group 2; and in the deltoid area were 5.2 +/- 0.7 mm and 3.4 +/- 1.5 mm in group 1 and 3.8 +/- 0.8 mm and 2.3 +/- 0.6 mm in group 2. There was significant logarithmic correlation between muscle thickness and body weight (r = 0.6, 0.8, 0.6) and muscle thickness and body length (r = 0.4, 0.6, 0.6) in thigh, buttock and deltoid areas of the low birth weight infants. In contrast, there was significant logarithmic correlation only between buttock muscle and body weight (r = 0.5) in the full term infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Effects of anatomical site and occlusion on the percutaneous absorption and residue pattern of 2,6-[ring-14C]parathion in vivo in pigs.

The effects of anatomical site and occlusion on the percutaneous absorption and residue pattern of total 14C were investigated following topical application of 2,6-[ring-14C]parathion onto four skin sites (300 micrograms/10 microCi; 40 micrograms/cm2) in weanling swine using occluded and nonoccluded dosing systems. The excretion profile was examined after iv administration. After dosing onto the abdomen, buttocks, back, and shoulder (N = 4/site), total urinary and fecal excretion (%dose) by 168 hr were, for the occluded system, 43.94 +/- 2.24, 48.47 +/- 7.85, 48.82 +/- 4.49, and 29.28 +/- 5.70%, and for the nonoccluded system, 7.47 +/- 2.16, 15.60 +/- 3.71, 25.00 +/- 8.75, and 17.41 +/- 1.76%, respectively. After iv dosing, 98.44 +/- 2.83% of the applied dose was excreted primarily via urine. The total recoveries for different sites ranged from 90.09 +/- 7.10 to 94.62 +/- 1.98% in the occluded system, 77.84 +/- 5.75 to 88.18 +/- 3.34% in the nonoccluded system, and 99.03 +/- 2.89% in the iv experiments. Time of maximal excretion rate was determined in the occluded system as abdomen (7.9 +/- 3.6 hr) < buttocks (9.4 +/- 2.6 hr) < shoulder (10.5 +/- 3.8 hr) < back (13.3 +/- 7.7 hr), but in the nonoccluded system as buttocks (11.9 +/- 3.6 hr) < shoulder (12.6 +/- 4.1 hr) < back (14.3 +/- 6.4 hr) < abdomen (16.9 +/- 7.1 hr). The percutaneous absorption from the shoulder was much lower than that from the other three sites under occluded conditions. However, if nonoccluded dosing was employed, absorption from the abdomen became the lowest, with shoulder and buttocks being similar, and the back the highest. Occlusion conceals the site difference and enhances both the extent and the rate of parathion percutaneous absorption in vivo. 14C residue pattern in tissues and dosing materials was site and dosing method dependent, all of which are factors which must be considered when assessing the risk of exposure to topically applied compounds.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Serial and superficial suction for steatopygia (Hottentot bustle).

Steatopygia, from the Greek "steato" meaning "fat" and pygia meaning "buttocks," is defined as excessive fat of the buttocks, usually seen in women and sometimes called Hottentot bustle because it was commonly seen in the Hottentot people of southern Africa. This affliction is characterized by protrusion and excessive fatness of just the buttocks region. Our patient was not particularly overweight (166 lb) and had a reasonably thin waist and legs. However, her buttocks were so protruding as to appear to have been from a completely different person. She wore only full skirts and could never wear jeans or pants of any kind. By using both superficial and deep serial suction techniques we were able to remove 12.5 L of subcutaneous fat over a two-year period without hospitalization or exogenous transfusion. The superficial technique improved skin retraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of anatomic injection site, age and smoking on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination.

Soon after the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine became available in the US, the Centers for Disease Control and the manufacturer received over 100 reports of vaccinated groups with unexpectedly low levels of vaccine-induced antibody. To confirm previous retrospective surveys relating these failures to buttock injection and to evaluate the effect of other host factors on vaccine-induced antibody responses, we conducted a clinical trial in healthy health-care workers. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1-Ar, 1-inch needle injection in the arm; 1-Bu, 1-inch needle injection in the buttock; 2-Bu, 2-inch needle injection in the buttock. All participants were administered vaccine according to the standard vaccine dosage schedule of 20 micrograms at 0, 1 and 6 months. Antibody response rates (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen greater than or equal to 10 sample ratio units by radioimmunoassay) and geometric mean titres of antibody two months after the third vaccine dose were 93% and 1454 mIU ml-1 for group 1-Ar, 72% and 85 mIU ml-1 for group 1-Bu, and 83% and 387 mIU ml-1 for group 2-Bu. Seroconversion rates and titres of antibody in the three groups were significantly different from each other statistically. Increasing age, increasing total skinfold thickness and cigarette smoking were independently associated with lower antibody responses in persons receiving buttock injections but not in persons receiving arm injections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Breast reconstruction with gluteal artery perforator flaps.

BACKGROUND: Several alternatives exist for breast cancer reconstruction with perforator flaps. For those patients in whom the buttock is the best choice as a source for autologous tissue, the IGAP and SGAP flaps are an excellent option. These flaps allow the reliable transfer of skin and soft tissue from the buttock without the associated donor site morbidity of a muscle flap. INDICATIONS: Most women requiring tissue transfer to the chest from the buttock for breast reconstruction or other reasons are candidates for IGAP or SGAP flaps. Do to an improved donor site contour and scar, we now prefer to use the IGAP to the SGAP flap. Absolute contraindications specific to perforator flap breast reconstruction in our practice include history of previous liposuction of the donor site or active smoking (within 1 month prior to surgery). ANATOMY AND TECHNIQUE: IGAP and SGAP flaps are based on perforators from either the superior or inferior gluteal artery. These perforators are carefully dissected free from the surrounding gluteus maximus muscle, which is spread in the direction of the muscle fibres and safely preserved. The vascular pedicle is anastomosed to recipient vessels in the chest and the donor site closed primarily. CONCLUSIONS: IGAP and SGAP flaps allow the safe and reliable transfer of tissue from the buttock for breast reconstruction as an alternative to soft tissue transfer from an abdominal donor site or even as a first choice in selected patients.

Arteries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does reaching the back reflect the actual internal rotation of the shoulder?

To clarify the relationship between the vertebral level reached by the thumb and the internal rotation angle of the humerus, 7 shoulders in healthy volunteers were examined by use of an electromagnetic tracking device. Measurements were repeated in the hanging-arm position with the thumb pointing anteriorly and at the buttock, sacrum, and each vertebral level up to T6. From the hanging-arm position to the buttock, 54.3% of internal rotation occurred (mean, 39.8 degrees ), and from the buttock to the sacrum, 11.7% occurred (mean, 8.6 degrees ). In total, 66% of internal rotation occurred from the hanging-arm position to the sacrum. Above the sacrum, the contribution of elbow flexion to the level of the vertebral spine became much greater, and internal rotation of the shoulder did not change significantly above the T12 level. We recommend that the level of the thumb below the buttock be subdivided for more accurate assessment of internal rotation.

Adult↗