Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bronchoscopes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[An evaluation of double-plugged catheter brush system in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection via fiberoptic bronchoscope].

A protective technique to collect lower airway secretion through double plugged catheter brush system via fiberoptic bronchoscope in 17 patients with pulmonary infection and 14 cases of other lung diseases was reported. The result of quantitative culture of these samples revealed that the concentration of isolated organisms were 10(4.1(+/- 1.1(cfu/brush and 10(1.8 +/- 0.4)cfu/brush in these two groups respectively (P less than 0.001). 10(3)cfu/brush was considered as a cut off point to differentiate the pathogenic from the nonpathogenic organisms. It is suggested that double-plugged catheter brush system is an ideal technique for preventing contamination in the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Segmental bronchoalveolar lavage with a flexible probe via a rigid bronchoscope in the diagnosis of mediastino-pulmonary sarcoidosis].

Segmentary bronchial-alveolar lavage with flexible catheter connected to rigid bronchoscope might be used in diagnosis of mediastinal-pulmonary sarcoidosis, according to a method used by the authors. Cytologic examination of the lavage fluid shows, in the cases studied, the great abundance in cells, with lymphocytes increase to 30 +/- 12% (in agreement with other authors) making thus possible the disease diagnosis. On the other hand, polymorphonuclears increased to 20 +/- 10%. These higher values than those noticed up to now, pointed that the fibrosing process in sarcoidosis has a higher level than assumed, and appear since the onset of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of disinfectants with and without usage of detergent for the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

The purpose of this study was to find a safer, more rapid and easier disinfection process for the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (F.F.B.) by using ordinary disinfectants and a detergent. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aures, E. coli, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans were used as sources of contamination. The mixed bacterial growth preparations for contamination of the F.F.B. were the same as those previously mentioned in our study. Comparative bacteriological studies, between glutaraldehyde (GA) ethylalcohol (AL) and chlorhexidine (CHX) with and without usage of benzalkonium chloride (B.C.) solution and sterile water (W) as the detergent were performed and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Contaminating microorganisms were reduced from 10(-3)/ml to 10(-4)/ml colony count after flushing with W and B.C. This procedure is very helpful for consecutive rapid disinfections or sterilizations of the F.F.B. 2. The effect of disinfectants with usage of a detergent was much better than without a detergent. Required immersion time in the disinfectants with detergent was reduced to periods as short as 60 seconds. 3. Of the three disinfectants, the most effective was CHX, GA next, and AL third. 4. Unsatisfactory disinfection occurred in some instances when there were functional disorders with the F.F.B. despite adequate amounts of disinfectant and detergent.

Bronchoscopes↗
PubMed1993

Contamination of bronchoscopes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Difficulties with disinfection of endoscopes and reports of cross-contamination of bronchoscopy specimens have previously been described. A recent episode of mycobacterial cross-contamination of bronchoscopy specimens was identified in a tertiary care referral centre. Two of eight bronchoscope suction valves cultured positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the cause of the outbreak was traced to a faulty wash/disinfect switch in an automatic washer. The situation was resolved following autoclaving of all suction valves and repair of the endoscope washer. This report highlights the problems with instrument design and supports previous recommendations to autoclave suction valves routinely after each use.

Bronchoscopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of bronchoscopic examinations in Poland].

The aim of the study was to assess the state of bronchoscopical examinations in Poland. The analysis was based on a quantitative method using a questionnaire. It encompassed the year 1986. 22,936 examinations were performed in 76 centers (61.0 per 100,000 population, 1.19 per one hospital bed per year). 239 physicians performed bronchoscopies annually. The mean was 96 bronchoscopies ranging from 14-835. Only 20 out of 76 centers were well equipped, 17-satisfactory. In 39 the equipment was judged to be below satisfactory level. The number of examinations is well below the level needed. If one would narrow down the number of patients requiring a bronchoscopy to only two groups--those with malignancy and unconfirmed tuberculosis the number of bronchoscopies per one patient is only 0.9. The authors suggest means of improving this situation in Poland.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lung biopsy through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Peripheral lung lesions are a difficult diagnostic problem. The technique of forceps lung biopsy through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope provides potential access to the entire lung. Experience to date documents the procedure's safety and high yield of helpful information.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Bronchoscopic diagnosis of thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion.

HYPOTHESIS: Some controversy exists concerning the appropriate surgical management for patients with thyroid cancer invading the laryngotracheal wall. We have used shaving of the wall when cancer invasion was confined to the perichondrium, and extensive resection when it invaded further. Preoperative assessment of the depth and length of laryngotracheal invasion is important when choosing an appropriate surgical procedure. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: A Japanese center for thyroid diseases, where about 1400 thyroid operations are performed each year. PATIENTS: Of 171 patients with thyroid cancer who were surgically treated between January 1, 2000, and July 30, 2000, 37 were suspected to have laryngotracheal invasion on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. INTERVENTION: We used bronchoscopy to examine the 37 patients suspected to have laryngotracheal invasion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Bronchoscopic findings (localized mucosal redness, telangiectasia, mucosal elevation, mucosal edema, and mucosal erosion) were compared with pathological results in the 30 patients who underwent curative resections. Seven patients were excluded because of palliative resections. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients without localized mucosal changes, we performed shaving of the laryngotracheal wall in 4 patients because we found laryngotracheal invasion during surgery. Shaving of the laryngotracheal wall was performed successfully in terms of obtaining a cancer-free margin. Twelve patients with localized mucosal redness required extensive resections. Other mucosal changes were found depending on the depth of cancer invasion. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should perform extensive resections when encountering localized mucosal redness on bronchoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bronchoscopic appearances of congenital lobar emphysema.

Although decreased bronchial cartilage is found in 50% of cases of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), it can only be surmised that this defect produces a ball valve effect with consequent overinflation. We describe the flexible bronchoscopic features of CLE in a 3-year-old child. The observed airway patency during inspiration, and dynamic airway collapse on expiration suggests that bronchomalacia contributes to lung overinflation in these cases.

Bronchi↗
PubMed2005

p63 immunostaining in destained bronchoscopic cytological specimens.

The p53 homologous squamous stem-cell regulatory protein p63 is expressed in squamous carcinomas but is not characteristically detected in small-cell carcinomas (SCCs). A panel of thyroid transcription factor (TTF) 1 and p63 has been shown to be useful in distinguishing SCCs from poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma of the lung (PDSLC) in small biopsies and cytological cell blocks. Because tumor samples frequently are limited to cytological smears, we attempted to detect p63 in destained slides from a spectrum of pulmonary malignancies. Archival alcohol-fixed smears from 60 cases of cytologically diagnosed malignancies in bronchoscopically (n = 59) or fine-needle aspiration-obtained specimens (n = 1) were destained in acid alcohol, postfixed in 10% formalin, subjected to citrate-based antigen retrieval, and immunostained by exposure to anti-p63 monoclonal antibody 4A4, followed by reagents from a streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase kit, and diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. Postfixation in 10% formalin was found to be necessary for immunostaining. Normal ciliated and goblet cells were p63 negative, but reserve cells were p63 positive. All cases of squamous-cell carcinoma were positive for p63. Of 10 tumor samples originally diagnosed as SCC, only 6 samples were p63 negative and 4 samples exhibited positive staining. However, proper interpretation of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining pattern and careful scrutiny of the cytological features and biopsy specimens in three of four cases led us to reclassify three cases into PDSLC. All adenocarcinomas (ACAs; n = 12), large-cell carcinomas (n = 4), and metastatic ACAs (n = 5) were p63 negative. Positive staining was seen in 9/16 tumors designated as non-SCCs; these tumors were not classified further into distinct histological categories.p63 staining in destained slides may be of value in facilitating the differential diagnosis between PDSLC and SCC. Criteria for conservative interpretation of results are discussed and include examination of reserve cells and ciliated cells on the same slide as internal positive and negative controls.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchoscopic evaluation of airway obstruction in campomelic dysplasia.

Campomelic dysplasia is a generalized disorder of cartilaginous growth and development, leading to early death from pulmonary insufficiency. We describe the airway dynamics as observed bronchoscopically in two affected infants. Both infants demonstrated anatomic compromise of the upper airway and diffuse laryngotracheobronchomalacia. Additionally, both had a characteristically small, bell-shaped thoracic cage. The abnormal airway dynamics produced serious inspiratory and expiratory obstruction in these infants and, in combination with the restrictive chest wall defect, led rapidly to the development of respiratory failure. While palliative procedures such as tracheostomy may temporarily improve airway dynamics, future respiratory tract insults may prove fatal.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2006

A bronchoscopic scoring system for airway secretions--airway cellularity and microbiological validation.

There is currently no validated scoring system for quantification of airway secretions in children. A user friendly, valid scoring system of airway secretions during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) would be useful for comparative purposes in clinical medicine and research. The objective of this study was to validate our bronchoscopic secretion (BS) scoring system by examining the relationship between the amount of secretions seen at bronchoscopy with airway cellularity and microbiology. In 106 children undergoing FB, the relationship of BS grades with bronchocalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and infective state (bacterial and viral infections) were examined using receptor operator curves (ROC). BAL was obtained according to European Respiratory Society guidelines; first lavage for microbiology and second lavage for cellularity. Area under the ROC was significant for total cell count (TCC) and neutrophil % but not for lymphocyte %. BS grade significantly related to infection positive state (chi(trend) (2) = 5.85, P = 0.016). The area under the ROC for infection positive state versus BS grade was 0.645, 95% CI 0.527-0.763. The BS scoring system is a valid method for quantifying airway secretions in children undergoing bronchoscopy. The system related well to airway cellularity and neutrophilia, as well as to an airway infective state. However, the system is only complementary to cell counts and cultures and cannot replace these laboratory quantification techniques.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1993

Tuberculous tracheobronchial strictures: clinicopathological features and management with the bronchoscopic carbon dioxide laser.

Tuberculous tracheobronchial stricture is a rare disease entity at the present time. We report our experiences with carbon dioxide laser treatment for four patients with tuberculous strictures that were resistant to conventional management. All patients were relatively young but were debilitated by the disease. The lesions differed from other forms of benign tracheal strictures as they tended to involve the trachea and right side of the lung and were often multiple. The reasons for this are related to the organism per se and the anatomical arrangement of the tracheobronchial airway. The pathophysiology of tuberculous strictures in the tracheobronchial airway and the technique of bronchoscopic laser resection are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: the value of non-biopsy bronchoscopic examination procedures in the diagnosis of pathogens].

Bronchoscopy was performed on 101 immunocompromised patients with fever and pulmonary infiltrates. Underlying diseases were mainly hematological malignancies. In 71% of cases, etiology of pneumonia was clarified by nonbioptic bronchoscopic methods (bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial secretions, protected specimen brush). In 51% of cases, empirical antibiotic treatment was modified following bronchoscopy. In patients with early bronchoscopy a better prognosis regarding healing and survival was observed than in those cases, where bronchoscopy was performed later during pneumonia. Bronchoalveolar lavage was particularly suited for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii and pneumonia due to viruses or Legionella. Sensitivity and specificity of bronchoscopy were lower for diagnosis of mycotic pneumonia and of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1991

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic diagnosis of pulmonary disease in 151 HIV-infected patients with pneumonitis.

In a prospective study the efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was evaluated in the diagnosis of infections with opportunistic pathogens, Kaposi's sarcoma and nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in 171 episodes of pneumonitis in 151 HIV-infected patients. Samples were collected by suction through the inner aspiration channel of the bronchoscope (n = 164), telescoping plugged catheter (n = 117) and transbronchial lung biopsy (n = 82). A high incidence of infections with pyogenic bacteria (12%), Legionella spp. (5 %) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were diagnosed (9%). Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a high diagnostic rate in bacterial pneumonia (significance level greater than 10(5) cfu/ml) and a low degree (10%) of contamination (less than 1% squamous epithelial cells). Bronchoalveolar lavage was more effective than the telescoping plugged catheter in yielding a significant number of colonies in patients with bacterial pneumonia previously treated with antibiotics. Nondiagnosed pneumonitis was more frequent in intravenous drug abusers than in homosexual men (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic strategy in a 9-month-old child with pulmonary sling: need for bronchoscopic evaluation.

A 9-month-old child presented suffering from repeated severe infections of the lower respiratory tract. Bronchoscopy revealed a tracheal stenosis, suggestive of a vascular anomaly of the great arteries. A second significant stenosis of the left main stem bronchus was observed that was suspected to be due to a ligamentum arteriosum. Heart catheterization confirmed the diagnosis of an abnormal origin of the left pulmonary artery (pulmonary sling). Based on the bronchoscopic and angiographic findings a pulmonary ring was suspected. A dissection of the ligamentum arteriosum was performed. At readmission 4 weeks postoperatively the child was asymptomatic and the left main bronchus was patent.

Bronchi↗
PubMed2000

Fluorescence bronchoscopic surveillance after curative surgical resection for non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Second lung primaries occur at a rate of up to 3% per patient-year after curative resection for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Postresection patients are often poor candidates for further curative surgery because of their diminished pulmonary reserve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fluorescence bronchoscopy by using the Xillix LIFE-Lung Fluorescence Endoscopy System to identify second lung primaries in patients who have had a previous curative resection of a non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: Patients who had no evidence of disease status after resection of a non-small-cell lung cancer were identified from a prospectively collected data base and entered onto a fluorescence bronchoscopy surveillance protocol. All suspicious areas, as well as several areas of apparently normal mucosa, were sampled for biopsy. A single pathologist reviewed all biopsy specimens, with 10% of biopsies re-reviewed, for quality control, by a second pulmonary pathologist. RESULTS: A total of 31 surveillance fluorescence bronchoscopies were performed on 25 patients after conventional bronchoscopy. Four intraepithelial neoplasias or invasive carcinomas were identified in 3 (12%) of 25 patients screened. The addition of the LIFE examination to conventional bronchoscopy increased the sensitivity of screening from 25.0% to 75.0%, which yielded a relative sensitivity of 300% with a negative predictive value of .97. CONCLUSIONS: Use of postresection surveillance with fluorescence bronchoscopy identified intraepithelial or invasive lesions in 12% of non-small-cell lung cancer patients, and the system was three times more sensitive than conventional bronchoscopy to identify these early mucosal lesions. Fluorescence bronchoscopic surveillance of this high-risk, postresection population will help better define the true rate of occurrence and the natural history of second primaries and may assist in monitoring their response to newer, noninvasive treatment methods, such as photodynamic therapy or chemopreventive agents, in future trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Thyroplasty under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask airway and fibreoptic bronchoscope.

PURPOSE: To report the management of a patient, with unilateral vocal cord paralysis, undergoing thyroplasty, under general anesthesia. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 25-yr-old man developed hoarseness and occasional episodes of pulmonary aspiration, caused by unilateral vocal cord paralysis. He was scheduled for thyroplasty, in an attempt to ease phonation and to decrease or prevent further episodes of pulmonary aspiration. He refused local anesthesia with sedation and it was therefore decided to attempt the procedure under general anesthesia. The paralysed vocal cord was displaced inwards by a wedge inserted through a window in the thyroid cartilage. We assessed the ideal position of the wedge by using a fibreoptic bronchoscope and laryngeal mask airway during general anesthesia, instead of phonation. CONCLUSION: We describe the successful use of a general anesthetic for a thyroplasty, a procedure normally done under local anesthesia with or without sedation, in a patient who was keen to have surgery, but who refused local anesthesia with sedation.

Adult↗