Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Botulism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Type C botulism due to toxic feed affecting 52,000 farmed foxes and minks in Finland.

The largest reported outbreak of type C botulism in fur production animals is described. Epidemiological investigation of 117 out of 157 (response rate, 74.5%) farms revealed that 44,130 animals died or were euthanized, while 8,033 animals with milder symptoms recovered. The overall death rate in all animals at risk was 21.7%. The death rates were significantly higher in blue and shadow foxes (24.2 and 27.8%, respectively) than in silver and blue silver foxes and minks (below 4%). All minks had been immunized against botulinum toxin type C. Deaths were associated with feed manufactured by a local processor, 83 of whose customer farms (70.9%) reported dead or sick animals. Five feedlots out of 19 delivered to the farms on the day preceding the onset of the outbreak (day 2) were associated with a death rate higher than 40%. These feedlots consisted of fresh feed processed on day 2 and feed processed 1 day earlier (day 1). In laboratory analysis, the day 2 feed contained botulinum toxin type C (>600 minimum lethal doses/g), while the day 1 feed did not contain toxin. Toxin was not detected in feed raw-material samples. Clostridium botulinum type C was detected by PCR in some feed components and in feed. However, as the feed temperature was continuously 8 degrees C or below and the pH was continuously 5.6 or below according to the manufacturer, it seems unlikely that spore germination and toxin formation occurred during overnight storage. Hence, the events leading to toxin formation were not determined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Infant botulism acquired from household dust presenting as sudden infant death syndrome.

Clostridium botulinum type B was detected by multiplex PCR in the intestinal contents of a suddenly deceased 11-week-old infant and in vacuum cleaner dust from the patient's household. C. botulinum was also isolated from the deceased infant's intestinal contents and from the household dust. The genetic similarity of the two isolates was demonstrated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, thereby confirming that dust may act as a vehicle for infant botulism that results in sudden death.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1989

Infantile botulism.

A 4 month old boy presented with respiratory difficulty and hypotonia. Clostridium botulinum and its toxin were isolated from his faeces and he had electromyographic changes typical of infantile botulism. This is only the second case in the United Kingdom: unfamiliarity with the presentation could result in misdiagnosis.

Botulism↗
PubMed1977

An outbreak of type C botulism in broiler chickens.

An outbreak of type C botulism involving three-week-old broiler chickens on deep litter is described. No direct source of toxin was found. Cl botulinum type C was distributed widely in the litter, and several thousand per gram were demonstrated both in the litter and in the intestinal contents of chicken.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

An outbreak of type C botulism in captive monkeys.

In an outbreak of type C botulism in a group of captive primates, six squirrel monkeys, six white throated capuchin monkeys and two weeper capuchin monkeys succumbed rapidly and died. Clostridium botulinum type C toxin was detected in the remains of the chopped chicken feed and in nine of 11 blood samples and one of three stomach contents samples from the affected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Type C botulism in intensively farmed turkeys.

Type C botulism in turkeys has been confirmed on several production sites by demonstrating the presence of toxin in sera from affected birds. Only male turkeys were affected, mortalities being up to 30 per cent. No source of toxin was found. Possible modes of intoxication are discussed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and treatment of botulism in lions.

Six circus lions (Panthera leo) showed neurological and gastrointestinal signs after consuming casualty broiler chickens. Signs included ataxia, hindlimb paralysis and recumbency. Neurological examination of two affected males showed paralysis of extraocular muscles, fixed dilated pupils and inability to swallow. Replacement fluids and antibiotics were given and Clostridium botulinum type C antitoxin was found in serum samples. Type C antitoxin was not then available and therapy was started in one lioness with guanidine hydrochloride. Convulsions were controlled by diazepam but this animal died. One of the two males was given type C antitoxin; both were given anabolic steroids. All the remaining animals made slow recoveries over varying periods; one lion was recumbent for 41 days. No lion developed respiratory paralysis; other animals which had consumed the chickens remained healthy. Aspects of the treatment of botulism in animals are discussed.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1992

Suspected botulism in three intensively managed Australian cattle herds.

Serious outbreaks of a paralytic disease in cattle occurring in the spring and summer of 1988 were investigated on three farms in south eastern Queensland, Australia. On one farm 237 (31 per cent) of 770 cattle died, on the second 109 (40 per cent) of 271 cattle died and on the third 30 (8 per cent) of 380 cows died. Botulism was suspected on the basis of the clinical signs, the lack of significant pathology, a failure to incriminate other agents and a positive feeding trial in one sheep. Laboratory tests for the presence of botulinum toxin failed to confirm this diagnosis, and further feeding trials using ingredients of two rations were also negative.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Suspected botulism in foxhounds.

An outbreak of acute paralysis in a pack of foxhounds, which followed the ingestion of raw and partially cooked meat, was almost certainly due to botulism. Botulinal toxin was detected in the serum of one of three hounds which recovered, and Clostridium botulinum type C was present in a sample of meat remaining from a batch fed to the hounds.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Early antitoxin treatment in wound botulism results in better outcome.

Wound botulism in 7 heroin 'skin poppers' produced ophthalmoplegia and descending paralysis. Rapid recovery occurred in 2 who received the antitoxin within the fourth day of symptom onset. A poor outcome was seen in 4 who received the antitoxin after the eighth day of symptoms and 1 who did not receive the antitoxin. Early antitoxin administration is important in achieving a favorable outcome.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Progression of clinical signs in severe infant botulism. Therapeutic implications.

The clinical evaluation of nine patients with severe infant botulism revealed an identifiable progression of signs due to blockade of the cholinergic synapse similar to that described for competitive blocking agents. This predictable sequence reflects different "margins of safety" for muscles involved in repetitive activities, diaphragmatic function and movement of the extremities. It is important for the clinician to realize that return of peripheral motor activity does not signify a completely recovered cholinergic synapse. Instead of having a four- to five-fold margin of safety, the infant remains close to the point of neuromuscular blockade. Added insults or stress to neuromuscular transmission may precipitate respiratory failure. An understanding of the signs associated with progressive impairment of cholinergic synapses both during onset and during resolution of disease will allow safe care of the infant and will diminish the risk of iatrogenic complications. Evaluation of head control is the most sensitive physical finding indicative of return of adequate neuromuscular function and signifies that oral feedings can be reinstituted.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Massive azoturia and failure to achieve positive nitrogen balance in a botulism patient.

Observations of a patient with botulism requiring mechanical ventilatory support for 59 days and hospitalization for approximately 3 months are reported. During the time of greatest muscular paralysis, urinary urea nitrogen excretion exceeded 20 g per day. This degree of azoturia was thought to be due to obligate loss of lean body tissue secondary to paralysis and not to stress or starvation related demands. A contributing factor to the magnitude of azoturia was the presence of a large premorbid body frame and muscle mass. The nutritional goal was not to achieve nitrogen balance but to maintain visceral protein stores. As the patient improved neurologically, the azoturia decreased allowing a positive nitrogen balance with a rebuilding of skeletal muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Type C botulism in dairy cattle from feed contaminated with a dead cat.

Four hundred twenty-seven of 441 adult Holstein dairy cattle from a 1,200-cow dairy died over a 1-week period during early spring 1998. Affected animals were from 4 late lactation pens, one of which included the bull string. Signs included weakness, recumbency, watery diarrhea, and death. Eighty animals from the 4 pens were dead approximately 8 hours after the first ill cows were noted. Affected cows would collapse on stimulation and extend all 4 limbs with moderate rigidity. Several lacked lingual tonus and had abdominal breathing patterns. The animals had been fed a load of total mixed ration that included a rotten bale of oat hay containing a dead cat. No common toxicants were identified, and pathologic examination revealed no consistent lesions. Testing of tissue from the cat carcass found in the feed sample using mouse protection bioassay identified the presence of type C botulinum toxin. Samples of feed, tissue from affected animals, cat tissue from feed, milk, and serum were also tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for type C botulinum. Two samples of rumen contents were tested and found to be positive for botulism by ELISA, and 1 of 3 liver samples had a weak positive finding. No botulinum toxin was found in milk or sera using the ELISA.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Severe botulism after focal injection of botulinum toxin.

We report a 34-year-old woman who developed clinical botulism after the cosmetic use of an unapproved botulinum toxin type A. Electrophysiologic findings demonstrated complete denervation with complete electrical silence. She had a lengthy recovery but was able to ambulate by discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Autonomic dysfunction in botulism B: a clinical report.

Nine cases of botulism B with preponderant effects upon cholinergic autonomic innervation are presented. Blurred vision and dry mouth were constant symptoms. Impairment of salivary and lacrimal secretion were detectable for months. In the absence of clinical signs, electromyographic studies did not reveal neuromuscular involvement. Administration of antitoxin in the late course of such cases is not recommended, but guanidine can be used. Doubt is cast upon a new clinical entity called "acute autonomic neuropathy."

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Implication of coprophagy in pathogenesis of chicken botulism.

Oral administration of 1 x 10(7) viable spores of Clostridium botulinum type C killed the chickens kept on a board floor to allow them coprophagy, whereas the same dose of the spores failed to develop symptoms in those kept on a wire-net floor not to allow them coprophagy. Type C toxin was detected in the cecal droppings of the chickens of both the groups after feeding the spores and also in serum of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic chickens kept on a board floor. Thus, coprophagy, by which chickens ingest type C toxin (C1 L toxin) and the bacterial cells, seems to be a prerequisite for development of chicken botulism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Bovine botulism: laboratory confirmation of clinical diagnosis in 1986-1989].

Five hundred and seventeen specimens relating to a total of 235 clinical cases of bovine botulism occurring over period of four years (1986-1989) were studied. These samples came from the States of S. Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Bahia, Pará, Maranhão, Distrito Federal and Roraima. Laboratorial tests were performed on these samples with a view to toxin detection. Toxin types C and D were detected being found in the liver and in gastric and intestinal contents. The small number of confirmed cases led to the supposition of the participation of other diseases in these deaths reported, even if false negative cases are taken into account.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comments on two cases of botulism in the State of Bahia, Brazil].

A report on two cases of botulism, one fatal, in which disease diagnosis was difficult and collaboration between public health and epidemiological surveillance services was poor. The objective of this report is to warn professionals of the seriousness of this disease and to reflect on existing public health surveillance practices.

Adolescent↗