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The technique known as book retinoscopy has been used for more than 25 years to evaluate visual performance. The lack of a clear explanation of the phenomena observed during book retinoscopy has led to some confusion regarding the interpretation of the phenomena. This paper shows that all of the changes that are observed can be explained by the optical effects of accommodative changes and eye movements.
The purpose of this paper is to present the content of office family practice problems seen over a 2 1/2-year residency period and to afford comparison with the well-known Virginia Study. It illustrates the usefulness of the diagnostic E-Book, with which all the data were collected and preserved. Over a 2 1/2-year period, the author cared for 592 patients in the family practice office. The ratio of one physician to 592 patients compares to the Virginia Study's one physician to approximately 745 patients. A total of 1,640 problems were coded in the E-Book. In this study 55 problems/physician/month were seen, whereas in the Virginia Study approximately 177 problems/physician/month were noted. Respiratory illnesses were the most common diagnostic category in both studies. Among specific problems, obesity ranked first at Hershey, with afebrile colds second, hypertension and Beta streptococcal pharyngitis third, and smoking fourth. Obesity and smoking were ranked considerably lower in the Virginia Study, whereas "health maintenance examinations" were ranked number one. Finally, for age-sex practice profiles, the present data revealed two peak age groups for both sexes, whereas the Virginia work noted only one peak age range.
A simple pelvic fracture classification is presented based on the metaphor of a pelvis as a book. Resuscitative fluid and blood requirements can be estimated by knowledge of the pelvic fracture pattern. Open book (AP compression) pelvis fractures generally have the largest amounts of blood loss.
From the 7th to the 11th centuries Arabic authors translated ancient Greek and Roman medical textbooks into their own languages. In the 11th and 12th centuries, noted authors used these early translations when writing other classical texts. One of these was that of the Andalusian surgeon, Albulcasis (936-1013), whose famous work is entitled, at-Tasrif (4,6). It has been used as a reference book for centuries and was translated into Latin in the 15th century and into Turkish by me when I discovered a manuscript of it in the Manisa Library in Turkey (14). The best interpreter of it, however, was Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1365-1468). He used the classification of at-Tasrif, but improved on it by adding original observations and three original chapters. His book is entitled, Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye which means The Imperial Surgery (15).
The NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) at the National Institutes of Health collects a wide range of molecular biological data, and develops tools and databases to analyse and disseminate this information. Many life scientists are familiar with the website maintained by the NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), because they use it to search GenBank for homologues of their genes of interest or to search the PubMed database for scientific literature of interest. There is also a database called the Bookshelf that includes searchable popular life science textbooks, medical and research reference books and NCBI reference materials. The Bookshelf can be useful for researchers and educators to find basic biological information. This article includes a representative list of the resources currently available on the Bookshelf, as well as instructions on how to access the information in these resources.
This, the 1990 update of notable nursing books and journals, shows many new titles in the areas of nursing diagnosis, critical care nursing, pharmacology, and psychiatric nursing. Nurses and librarians will find the entire list a useful tool in developing a collection of current nursing literature.
A survey of collection development policies and practices in medical school rare book libraries indicated that only 20% had documented criteria for collection development. The advantages of preparing and maintaining a formal written collection development policy are presented with guidelines for formulating such a policy.
The lecture treats the rapidly escalating values of rare books and manuscripts both as financial and as scholarly investments. The text suggests new areas for collecting which may be pursued in today's market with an eye to an increasing intellectual and monetary return.
In 1549, Jason Pratensis published De Cerebri Morbis...(DCM), the first separate book on the general subject of neurologic disease. The publication of DCM reflected two trends in 16th century medicine: (1) interest in the anatomy and function of specific organs, and (2) retranslation of the works of Galen, who emphasized the primacy of the brain in behavioral and motor functions. Brain diseases in DCM were classified in terms of symptom complexes. Some of the 33 chapters discuss tremor, tetanus, vertigo, epilepsy, and hemicrania. Concepts of diseases, and their pathogenesis and treatment, reflected the writings of Greek, Roman, and Arabic authors, as well as newer concepts of astrology and pharmacy that were prevalent during the Renaissance. There were few new bedside or clinical observations in DCM. However, DCM is an important text, crystallizing several 16th century trends to provide the first compendium of brain disorders.
Presented the readability and human interest scores of 28 books on psychoanalytic technique and briefly discussed in relation to "psychoanalyeese" and psychotherapy training.
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been applied to the analysis of volatile organic compounds emitted from a naturally aged groundwood pulp paper originating from an old book in order to access the products produced through the decomposition reactions occurring in paper upon ageing. Two different extraction methods were developed and compared: headspace SPME and contact SPME. The influence of few extraction parameters were tested in order to define the best extraction conditions. An optimised non-destructive contact SPME method was elaborated and allowed the characterisation of more than 50 individual constituents.
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess parental response to a clinic-based literacy program at a health maintenance organization. It was hypothesized that participation would be associated with increased literacy orientation by children. METHOD: This randomized community trial took place at a Midwestern health maintenance organization. Six clinics were paired and randomly assigned to participate or not participate in Project Read. The main outcome variable was literacy orientation (book use). The target population was parents of children younger than 12 months (N = 165). After 6 months of participation, parents were surveyed by telephone. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent and 77% of the treatment and control groups, respectively, had positive literacy orientation; this difference was not significant. Persons receiving a videotape were more likely to have a positive literacy orientation (82.9% vs 69.2%; P <.05). The multivariate regression analyses also showed that receiving the free videotape was a significant intervention exposure. DISCUSSION: The members of the population in this study are reading to their children. Parents who receive a videotape on the importance of reading are likely to read more to their children.
A Bosnian mental health professional told the following story: Her village had been under siege for months, and she had worked around the clock in her community using all her personal and professional resources. She was offered a few days break in Zagreb and went to the city; she welcomed the chance to be out from under fire and to rest. A bookstore was the first place she wanted to go, to browse, to expand her vision, to read about other places and peoples. In the shop, the shelves were lined with American best-selling self-help books with titles like "Getting rid of the shoulds in your life in 24 hours," "How to stop being angry and guilty in 12 steps," etc. She looked at these and felt so unreal that she fled back to her village, preferring the reality of her people and her problems.
This paper traces the nature and fortunes of Lommius' Medicinal Observations of 1560, its relationship to ancient authors, its two-and-a-half centuries of fame, and its fall. Originating as an accessible manual of diagnosis for municipal authorities, it emphasized the observable aspects of illness and downplayed the role of humors and hidden causes. As a result, it both heralded and served the trend to symptom-based nosology. Eventually, as disease concepts shifted from symptoms to organs, Lommius was eclipsed by the next epistemic fashion: positivistic organicism. The multiple editions of this work invite us to reconsider the sustained influence of ancient writers, including Celsus, in medical pedagogy and semeiology, as well as the timing and location of the development of nosological concepts of disease. Class considerations and the proclivities of twentieth-century scholarship contributed to the obscurity of this book in our time.
This paper presents the interpretation of digits and commands using a modified neural network and the genetic algorithm. The modified neural network exhibits a node-to-node relationship which enhances its learning and generalization abilities. A digit-and-command interpreter constructed by the modified neural networks is proposed to recognize handwritten digits and commands. A genetic algorithm is employed to train the parameters of the modified neural networks of the digit-and-command interpreter. The proposed digit-and-command interpreter is successfully realized in an electronic book. Simulation and experimental results will be presented to show the applicability and merits of the proposed approach.
This paper argues that an analysis of the use of the case study in the sexological writings of Havelock Ellis is essential for a proper understanding of how texts about sex were written out of the patient's 'confessions'. It is maintained that by focusing on the construction of the book Eonism, rather than on just the patients' discourse, a fuller understanding of the processes necessary for the field of sexology to operate is achieved. In order to argue this, attention has been paid to archival and published sources, with the aim showing the social processes behind Ellis's writing activities.
In a replication study, purchasing books online by 137 state college students was predicted by computer/Internet skills.
In a sample of 72 undergraduates, purchasing books online was predicted by their computer/Internet skills.