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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Teratogenic effects of sinusoidal extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphology of 24 hr chick embryos.

To examine the potential teratogenicity of electromagnetic fields (EMF; sinusoidal and rectangular) on development of chick embryos (white leghorn), 221 freshly fertilized chicken eggs (55-65 g) were exposed during first 24 hr of postlaying incubation (38 degrees +/- 0.5 degree C) to 24 different EMFs, with 50Hz repetition rate and 8.007-10.143 mT flux density. Following exposure, the exposed fertilized chicken eggs (n = 8-10) and sham-exposed fertilized chicken eggs (n = 15) were incubated simultaneously for 8 more days and unexposed control fertilized chicken eggs (n = 20) for 9 days in absence of EMFs. The embryos were removed from egg shells and studied blind. All 24 EMF exposed-groups (inside the coil with exposure) showed an increase in the percentage of developmental anomalies compared to sham-exposed (inside the coil with no exposure) and control groups (outside the coil). Further, egg's weight was evaluated on day 9. This variable did not show significant difference between control and exposed-groups. The investigation also covered the measurement of body weight, length of crown to rump, length of tip of the beak to occipital bone, heart and liver weight. Statistical comparison between sham-exposed and control values did not show significant differences, but comparison between 8.007, 8.453 and 8.713 mT exposed-groups and control groups showed significant differences; in other exposed-groups, the changes were not significant. These results revealed that 50 Hz electromagnetic fields can induce irreversible developmental alterations in 24 hr chick embryos and confirm that its strength could be a determinant factor for the embryonic response to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (window effects).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Siamois cooperates with TGFbeta signals to induce the complete function of the Spemann-Mangold organizer.

In Xenopus, the Spemann-Mangold organizer induces and patterns the body axis. Siamois, a Wnt-responsive transcriptional activator, functions to establish and maintain the Spemann-Mangold organizer by regulating organizer gene transcription. While expression of Siamois in marginal blastomeres induces an axis consisting of both head and trunk structures, we show that expression of Siamois in animal blastomeres induces an axis that lacks head structures. Consistent with the absence of head organizer activity in Siamois-expressing animal pole tissue, Siamois did not induce animal expression of Cerberus, Frzb1 and Xlim1, genes implicated in anterior development. A dominant negative form of Siamois inhibited endogenous expression of Cerberus, Frzb1 and Xlim1, indicating that Siamois is necessary for organizer-specific expression of these head organizer genes, but is not sufficient in animal tissue. Siamois induces Cerberus, Frzb1 and Xlim1 in vegetal blastomeres and vegetal induction by Siamois is dependent on endogenous TGFbeta signals. The results provide evidence that Siamois cooperates with TGFbeta signals to activate the expression of organizer genes and to generate an organizer with both head- and trunk-inducing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Transcription factor CP2 is involved in activating mBMP4 in mouse mesenchymal stem cells.

CP2 is a member of a family of transcription factors that regulate genes involved in events from early development to terminal differentiation. In an effort to understand how it selects its target genes we carried out a database search, and located several CP2 binding motifs in the promoter region of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). BMP4 is a key regulator of cell fate and body patterning throughout development. For the CP2 binding motifs in BMP4 promoter region to be relevant in vivo, CP2 and BMP4 should be expressed together. We found that CP2b and CP2c, two potent transcriptional activators, are expressed in a manner similar to BMP4 during osteoblast differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. In in vitro assays, the CP2 proteins bound to two CP2 binding motifs (-715 to -676 and -147 to -118) in the BMP4 promoter, and luciferase reporter assays indicated that this binding was essential for transcription of BMP4 during osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate that CP2b and CP2c play important roles during bone development by activating BMP4 transcription.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Muscle-bone relationships in mice selected for different body conformations.

Some muscle-bone relationships were studied in terms of gastrocnemius muscle weight, femur and tibia length and femur and tibia weight in four lines of mice (CBi-, CBi+, CBi/L and CBi/C) artificially selected for different body conformations and in the unselected control line (CBi). CBi- (low body weight--short tail) and CBi+ (high body weight--long tail) lines were divergently selected following the positive genetic correlation between body weight and tail (skeleton) length (agonistic selection). In contrast, CBi/L (low body weight--long tail) and CBi/C (high body weight--short tail) were also divergently selected but against the aforementioned correlation (antagonistic selection). The relationship between bone length and muscle weight was interpreted based on the assumption that the increased tension generated by the longitudinal growth of a bone, brings about an increase in the mass of the muscles attached to it. All CBi+, CBi/C and CBi/L mice showed enlarged femurs and tibias, but only those genotypes simultaneously selected for high body weight (CBi+ and CBi/C) showed heavier muscles than controls. The CBi+ and CBi- genotypes with agonistic selection differ in bone length and muscle weight, as it would be expected of the allometric modification of their body conformation, showing the associated longitudinal bone growth-muscle growth. CBi/C and CBi/L mice, with a non-allometric modification of body conformation, exhibited the same bone length but different muscle weight. Consequently, the antagonistic criterion allowed to confirm that the genetic influence on of the proposed muscle-bone relationships could be modified, thus making it possible to lengthen the bone through selection of a long skeleton and to avoid the correlated effect on muscle mass, by selecting for a low body weight, bringing forth presumptive evidence that both processes were genetically independent.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Suppression of invasive characteristics by antisense introduction of overexpressed HOX genes in ovarian cancer cells.

HOX genes encode transcription factors that function to establish basic body pattern during embryogenesis and maintain the function of specific organs in the adult. Recent studies have demonstrated that HOX genes are also involved in oncogenesis in a range of malignancies. To elucidate whether HOX genes contribute to ovarian carcinogenesis, we created an expression profile of HOX genes using ovarian derived materials from surgical samples and epithelial ovarian cancer cells derived from five different cell lines. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay indicated overexpression of 14 HOX genes in clusters A and B but only 2 genes in clusters C and D. Of the 16 HOX genes, overexpression of paralogs of HOX3, HOX4 and HOX7 is seen in cluster A and B, and of HOX13 in all paralogs. In addition, HOXB7, HOXA13 and HOXB13 showed high levels of overexpression in cancer cells and tissues whereas no or little expression was observed in normal controls. To examine whether overexpressed HOX genes regulate invasion of ovarian cancer cells directly, we introduced an antisense DNA fragment of overexpressed HOXB7 and HOXB13, and HOXC5 that did not show overexpression into SKOV3 cells by electroporation. Antisense introduction followed by chemoinvasion assay using matrigel chamber demonstrated that SKOV3 cells introduced an antisense of each HOXB7 and HOXB13 showed 85% and 50% reduction of invasion ability compared to the parental SKOV3 cells, respectively. In contrast, antisense of HOXC5 introduced cells showed no significant difference of the invasion ability. These results suggest an important role of overexpressed HOX genes, especially for invasive characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2006

Roberts syndrome: study of 4 new Rgyptian cases with comparison of clinical and cytogenetic findings.

Roberts syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder (MIM 268300). It is characterized by pre and postnatal growth retardation, severe shortening of limbs with radial defects, oligodactyly and characteristic facial features. The present study reports 4 new cases of Roberts syndrome from 3 families presenting variable phenotypes. Patients were thoroughly investigated clinically and cytogenetically. By reviewing literature, we compared our cases to those previously reported. The rating severity system proposed by Van den Berg and Francke (30) was applied to correlate the phenotypic and cytogenetics changes. We observed more severe reduction defects in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs. While the main reduction defects in the upper limbs involved the thumb and radius ranging to phocomelia, absent or severely hypoplastic fibula was the main lower limb involvement. We emphasize this finding in the present investigation. Heterochromatin repulsion of chromosomes derived from Roberts syndrome patients is a characteristic cytogenetic abnormality. It was a constant finding in our studied patients demonstrated by DABI stain which supports the possibility that mutations in Roberts syndrome lie in centromere related proteins which may also play a role in body patterning. This was proved recently by Vega et al. (31). Application of the clinical rating score and its correlation with cytogenetic changes showed negative results. Cytogenetic studies in normal obligatory heterozygotes parents showed no changes. Phenotypic variability within the same family as well as between different families was observed. The ascertainment of 4 cases with Roberts syndrome from 3 Egyptian consanguineous families during one year in our department may indicate a high frequency of the Roberts syndrome allele among Egyptians. This confirms the need for molecular studies for early and accurate prenatal diagnosis to prevent such dramatic malformation syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Nursing care of the person having bariatric surgery.

The increasing incidence of morbid obesity suggests that the quantity of bariatric surgical procedures will continue to multiply each year. Bariatric surgery has become an accepted approach to weight management with the additional benefit of resolution of several co-morbidities. However, quality nursing care and effective patient teaching are essential to achieve positive patient outcomes. Nursing care along the continuum of the bariatric surgical experience is key to positive outcomes for these patients. Throughout the process from selection for surgery to follow-up visits in the physician's office, the nurse can have a significant impact on the response of the patient and family to the surgical procedure. During the selection process, the nurse can explain the required diagnostic tests and their rationale and conduct a thorough medical history, informing the physician of pertinent information that might affect the patient's outcomes. Patient and family teaching begins at this stage with information about the peri-operative experience. Bariatric surgery results in a major lifestyle change for the patient. This change will evolve over time as weight is lost, and the patient adjusts to changes in eating patterns, body image, and the perceptions of others. The nurse should see that the patient has appropriate referral information for support services and should follow up to see that the patient and family availed themselves of these services. The patient's stay in acute care is usually very short. Clearly the patient and family need to go home with specific information about drinking/eating, caring for drainage tubes, skin and wound care, ambulation, self-care, and signs and symptoms that require medical attention. Nursing care should include written information and demonstrations of such activities as care of the wounds and drains. The nurse should assure that the patient leaves the hospital with a call number if questions arise at home. Ideally the nurse, patient, and family should have an opportunity for private education sessions prior to discharge. During the postoperative period, the nurse in the physician's office can serve as a source of information and a monitor of patient progress. Follow-up calls to patients and families after surgery are very helpful in determining the welfare of the patient, offering suggestions for managing the patient's care, and learning if any complications are developing. At the same time, the nurse can assess the psychological condition of the patient and his or her adjustment to a new way of living.

Bariatric Surgery↗
PubMed1990

[Association of lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinical and histopathological study of 2 cases].

Two patients showing features of both lichen planus and lupus erythematosus are described: reticular whitish patches in the oral mucosa coexisting with chronic, partly atrophic LED-like skin lesions located on the face were present in both of them. The histological, histochemical and immunopathological findings allowed to diagnose a "LP-LE coexistence" more than a mixed LP-LE disease. The clinical, histological and immunological relationships between LP and LE are discussed and it is suggested that the pathogenesis of the coexistence of the two diseases could be related to a common pathophysiological pathway. It might be that LP and LE are due to a single aetiological agent (e.g. a virus) interacting with different genetic backgrounds to cause LE in some, LP in others and an intermediate disease in a small group of patients. The histopathological and immunopathological features that distinguish LP from LE are the concentration of lymphocytes in areas of keratinocyte damage, the different colloid bodies patterns and the direct IF findings. The Authors conclude that further studies should be performed on "LP-LE coexistence".

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary incontinence and prolapse. Medical treatment and functional treatment].

Urinary continence implies that the variations of the vesical pressure does not exceed the capacities of the cervico-urethral closure system. The aim of the various methods of treatment is to have a beneficial action on those two parameters: drug therapy will mainly reduce the intra-vesical pressure (parasympatholytics...) and also improve the urethral tone (alpha-adrenergics...), or have a mixed effect on both systems (tricyclic antidepressants, oestrogens...). The side effects are often numerous due to the impact on the vegetative or neuromuscular system. The re-education is complemented by: local and general kinesitherapy, sensorial retrocontrol, associated or not to electrotherapy. Motivation and active participation of the patient are essential. The indications covers all the various pathologies (perineal insufficiency, defects in the body pattern, prolapse, sphincteral insufficiency, transmission problems, vesical instability, urethral instability) and concerns patients of all age groups.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1988

Subtypes in major depression without melancholia.

Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III, 1980) criteria to diagnose major depression without melancholia, 70 adult patients were selected for further detailed clinical and neuro-endocrinological evaluation. Two subtypes emerged; changes in sleeping patterns, body mass and thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone constituted the distinguishing features between the two categories (P = 0.012).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

General pharmacology of brotizolam in animals.

Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a]-1,4-diazepine, We 941, Lendormin) is a thienotriazolo-diazepine with profound sedative and hypnogenic properties. The side effects of the drug on general behavior, motocoordination, feeding pattern, body temperature, uropoietic and gastrointestinal functions, cardiovascular system, and respiration, as well as interactions with some biogenic amines are reported and discussed. The findings correlate with those known for other diazepines. Accordingly, effects on motocoordination were prominent, but were limited to an ataxia, whereas even extremely high doses scarcely eliminated the postural reflexes. Sleeping animals could invariably be woken and were capable of locomotion; thus, no comatose condition developed. The cardiovascular functions were not appreciably altered by brotizolam in anesthetized cats, while in conscious dogs minor fluctuations of blood pressure and heart rate occurred. Respiration was clearly inhibited when brotizolam was given intravenously. The cardiovascular effects of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoprenaline, and histamine were only slightly modulated. The orexigenic and hypothermic effects equalled those of other diazepines. The functions of kidney, stomach, and intestines were not affected. The entirety of the observations procured in ten different species suggest that brotizolam is well tolerated when given orally.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Quantity of DNA, sex chromatin bodies and nucleoli in the nuclei of the muscle cells of normal and hypertrophied human atria].

Nuclei of myocytes of normal and hypertrophied human heart atrium were studied on squash preparations. Judging by the sex chromatin body pattern, it is the polyploidization that is responsible for the increased DNA contents in these nuclei. The cytophotometric DNA measurements demonstrated the up to 93% occurrence of polyploid nuclei even in myocytes of normal atrium. Myocytes of hypertrophied atrium contained nuclei of higher ploidy degrees. The total area of nucleoli per nucleus was shown to be proportional to a degree of ploidy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemophilia: evaluation of the nutritional status and growth in childhood].

Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by decreased activity of the circulating antihemophilic factor, with different degrees of severity. The prognosis of the disease for an useful normal life is good, providing an adeguate follow-up. We think that the auxological determinants of growth and nutritional status must enter as points of a multicentre follow-up sheet of haemophilia in the pediatric age. We have tried such an approach in 13 patients; preliminary results have shown that all patients are growing well with some degrees of discrete malnutrition (arm circumference less than -1.6 SD). From costitutional point of view, haemophilic boys show a discrete "lean" body pattern (W/H2 less than or equal to O SD(with their trunk longer than legs. Data from other studies are wellcome for confirming our first impressions.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1994

Cancer of the prostate: treatment and nursing implications.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the clinical manifestations, current treatment, and nursing management of prostate cancer. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, book chapters, American Cancer Society booklets. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prostate cancer is a slow-growing malignancy and usually is asymptomatic in its early stages. It causes acute urinary obstruction at more advanced stages, and patients may present with metastatic disease. Diagnosis is made by biopsy, and treatment options include periodic observation, surgery, radiotherapy hormonal manipulation, and chemotherapy with standard or investigational drugs or combination therapy. The major complications associated with surgery and radiation therapy are transient or permanent incontinence and impotence. CONCLUSIONS: Because no definitive method for identifying clinically important lesions exists, much controversy surrounds prostate cancer treatment. Issues significant to the diagnosis and treatment of all stages of prostate cancer are identified, and nursing care concerns focusing on treatment and disease-related problems are presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nursing care focuses on providing patients with accurate information to make informed decisions regarding treatment for early stage disease, on promoting comfort, and on preventing and managing treatment and disease-related complications. Nursing diagnoses include knowledge deficit; altered sexual patterns, body image disturbance, altered urinary elimination, diarrhea, impaired skin integrity, and pain, fatigue, bleeding, and infection, all of which are related to surgery, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and edema of the scrotum/lower extremities.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Frequency of feeding, weight reduction and energy metabolism.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on the rate and composition of weight loss and 24 h energy metabolism in moderately obese women on a 1000 kcal/day diet. During four consecutive weeks fourteen female adults (age 20-58 years, BMI 25.4-34.9 kg/m2) restricted their food intake to 1000 kcal/day. Seven subjects consumed the diet in two meals daily (gorging pattern), the others consumed the diet in three to five meals (nibbling pattern). Body mass and body composition, obtained by deuterium dilution, were measured at the start of the experiment and after two and four weeks of dieting. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was measured at the same time intervals using a respiration chamber. At the end of the experiment 24 h energy expenditure (24 h EE) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were assessed by a 36 h stay in the respiration chamber. There was no significant effect of the feeding frequency on the rate of weight loss, fat mass loss or fat-free mass loss. Furthermore, fat mass and fat-free mass contributed equally to weight loss in subjects on both gorging and nibbling diet. Feeding frequency had no significant effect on SMR after two or four weeks of dieting. The decrease in SMR after four weeks was significantly greater in subjects on the nibbling diet. 24 h EE and DIT were not significantly different between the two feeding regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Embryonic induction and role of activins during early amphibian development].

Growth factors are known to act for the formation of the animal tissues and organs. We showed that activins, members of the TGF-beta family growth factors, exist in early amphibian embryos and induce mesoderm tissues and organs in undifferentiated blastomeres (animal cap). Activins are characteristic in that they can establish embryonic body axis, by inducing different mesoderm and endoderm organs depending on their dose. The action of activin seems to be a primary important phenomenon which commonly create the body pattern of vertebrate embryos.

Activins↗
PubMed1998

Loss of function of the homeobox gene Hoxa-9 perturbs early T-cell development and induces apoptosis in primitive thymocytes.

Hox homeobox genes play a crucial role in specifying the embryonic body pattern. However, a role for Hox genes in T-cell development has not been explored. The Hoxa-9 gene is expressed in normal adult and fetal thymuses. Fetal thymuses of mice homozygous for an interruption of the Hoxa-9 gene are one eighth normal size and have a 25-fold decrease in the number of primitive thymocytes expressing the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R, CD25). Progression to the double positive (CD4+CD8+) stage is dramatically retarded in fetal thymic organ cultures. This aberrant development is associated with decreased amounts of intracellular CD3 and T-cell receptor beta (TCRbeta) and reduced surface expression of IL-7R and E-cadherin. Mutant thymocytes show a significant increase in apoptotic cell death and premature downregulation of bcl-2 expression. A similar phenotype is seen in primitive thymocytes from adult Hoxa-9-/- mice and from mice transplanted with Hoxa-9-/- marrow. Hoxa-9 appears to play a previously unsuspected role in T-cell ontogeny by modulating cell survival of early thymocytes and by regulating their subsequent differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Stature and body weight growth patterns from longitudinal data of Japanese children born during World War II.

Stature and body weight data of 100 boys and 100 girls from 7 to 17 years of age in Shimodate City who were born during World War II were longitudinally analyzed. The children were significantly smaller and lighter throughout their growth period than those born 11 years after the end of the war. The correlation coefficient between statures at each age and at age 17 showed a gradual increase with increasing age, while that between statures at each age and at age 7 decreased with age. However, a drop in the correlation coefficient was found during puberty, at age 11 for girls and at age 13 for boys. Comparing the normalized distance from mean values of stature and body weight at age 7, at puberty, and at age 17, only 51% of the children continued to be in the same relative position for both height and weight, 6% of boys and 4% of girls showing a decreasing pattern for both and 4% of boys and 7% of girls showing an increasing pattern for both. Thus, about 60% of the children of either sex presented parallel stature and body weight growth patterns for ages from 7 to 17.

Adolescent↗