Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Blood Specimen Collection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Look-back of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, HCV-RNA PCR-negative donors and recipients of their blood products.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To establish the infectivity of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, but cDNA-PCR-negative blood components transfused before the introduction of routine anti-HCV blood donor screening, we enrolled recipients of such blood products in a look-back programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The blood components were donated by (A) RIBA-2-indeterminate and cDNA-PCR-negative donors, and (B) RIBA-2 and cDNA-PCR-negative donors. The look-back comprised 214 blood products from group A donors and 278 from group B. RESULTS: Of 211 recipients of group A components, 66 (31.3%) were available for testing. All other recipients could not be traced, had died, or refused collaboration. Of these 66, 3 patients had independent risk factors for HCV infection and were excluded. All remaining 63 recipients were anti-HCV ELISA-negative. Of 274 recipients of group B components, 84 (30.7%) were available for testing. All others could not be traced, had died, or refused collaboration. Of these 84, six patients had an independent risk factor for HCV infection and were excluded. All remaining 78 recipients were anti-HCV ELISA-negative. None of the recipients of blood products from previous donations of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, cDNA-PCR-negative, and RIBA-2-indeterminate or negative donors were HCV-infected. CONCLUSIONS: Donors and patients with such reactivities in anti-HCV ELISA, RIBA-2, and cDNA-PCR can be assured that they are not infected with HCV. The donors involved can re-enter the donor pool, provided that future donations are anti-HCV ELISA-negative.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed2003

Preclinical safety profile of plasma prepared using the INTERCEPT Blood System.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The newly developed INTERCEPT Blood System for plasma uses the addition of a new psoralen, amotosalen HCl (AMOTOSALEN), followed by illumination with ultraviolet A light, to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoa and leucocytes that may contaminate fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). Extensive toxicology studies were performed to characterize the safety of the photochemical treatment process for its intended use with plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies of general toxicology, safety pharmacology, phototoxicity, reproductive toxicity and venous irritation, summarized in this review, provide a comprehensive toxicology profile for photochemically treated 100% plasma. RESULTS: No specific target organ toxicity (based on clinical or histological pathology), phototoxicity, or reproductive toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of an extensive series of studies have demonstrated no toxicologically relevant effects of photochemically treated 100% plasma prepared using the INTERCEPT Blood System for plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Management of single fetal death in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: a role for fetal blood sampling.

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine death of one twin in monochorionic pregnancies is associated with an increased mortality and morbidity of the cotwin. This is likely to occur as a consequence of acute hemodynamic changes due to feto-fetal hemorrhage at the time of death of the cotwin. We assessed the role of fetal blood sampling and intrauterine transfusion to rescue the survivor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We managed 12 cases of single intrauterine death at between 17 and 26 weeks' gestation in monochorionic twins complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). All these cases had been treated either by laser therapy or by serial amniodrainage. When the demise of one twin occurred, ultrasound-guided fetal blood sampling was performed in the surviving twin using a 20-gauge needle within 24 h of death. Intrauterine transfusion was performed at the same time in cases where the survivor was anemic. All survivors were assessed in the neonatal period and at 1 year of age. RESULTS: Six of the 12 surviving fetuses were found to be anemic and underwent intrauterine transfusion. All fetuses survived the procedure. Four of these fetuses had normal neurological development at 1 year of age. Periventricular leukomalacia developed in one case and the patient underwent termination of pregnancy at 34 weeks. In one case delivery occurred at 34 weeks' gestation and the baby developed periventricular leukomalacia at 1 month of age. In all six non-anemic fetuses pediatric examination was normal at birth and at 1 year of age. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine death of one monochorionic twin in TTTS puts the survivor at high risk of intrauterine death or of developing ischemic/hypoxic lesions. Our results suggest that fetal blood sampling is a useful diagnostic tool to identify those fetuses that are not anemic and hence unlikely to be at risk of developing a cerebral lesion.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed2002

The effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on physician decision-making.

The effect of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders on physicians' decisions to provide life-prolonging treatments other than cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients near the end of life was explored using a cross-sectional mailed survey. Each survey presented three patient scenarios followed by 10 treatment decisions. Participants were residents and attending physicians who were randomly assigned surveys in which all patient scenarios included or did not include a DNR order. Response to three case scenarios when a DNR order was present or absent were measured. Response from 241 of 463 physicians (52%) was received. Physicians agreed or strongly agreed to initiate fewer interventions when a DNR order was present versus absent (4.2 vs 5.0 (P =.008) in the first scenario; 6.5 vs 7.1 (P =.004) in the second scenario; and 5.7 vs 6.2 (P =.037) in the third scenario). In all three scenarios, patients with DNR orders were significantly less likely to be transferred to an intensive care unit, to be intubated, or to receive CPR. In some scenarios, the presence of a DNR order was associated with a decreased willingness to draw blood cultures (91% vs 98%, P =.038), central line placement (68% vs 80%, P =.030), or blood transfusion (75% vs 87%, P =.015). The presence of a DNR order may affect physicians' willingness to order a variety of treatments not related to CPR. Patients with DNR orders may choose to forgo other life-prolonging treatments, but physicians should elicit additional information about patients' treatment goals to inform these decisions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pedi-pack transfusion in a newborn intensive care unit.

Two hundred and ninety-one transfusions using 221 pediatric frozen red blood cell packs (Pedi-Packs) were given to 141 newborn babies and infants in the newborn intensive care unit. In 18 patients, 47 transfusions were studied for transfusion and clinical characteristics. Two possible hemolytic episodes are described in detail and remain unexplained. Blood loss for laboratory tests was found to average 3.1 ml/kg per day spent in the newborn intensive care unit. The rise in hematocrit was found to be excellent. Overall, the transfusion of thawed pediatric red blood cell packs was found to be convenient, safe and effective. Because of pretesting possibilities with the use of this source of red blood cells, one of the problems associated with a walking donor program is eliminated.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rejection of prospective blood donors due to systematic errors in hematocrit measurement.

Following a change from earstick to fingerstick hemoglobin estimations, donor deferrals increased from 8.8% to 13.6%. Coincident with the change to fingersticks, hematocrit measurement with miniature centrifuges was begun as the reference method to verify donor rejection by the copper sulfate test. A study of 525 donors deferred for fingerstick hematocrits showed that 46.7% were deferred inappropriately as determined by venous hematocrit measurements. The difference between fingerstick and venous hematocrits persisted even after an intensive staff inservice on technique. In further studies, no significant difference was found between venous and fingerstick hematocrits measured on the same centrifuge, but there was a significant difference between measurements on the miniature centrifuges versus a standard laboratory microhematocrit centrifuge. This small error resulted in the loss of 3.8% of presenting donors during the study period. Hematocrit measurements have now been replaced by a fingerstick cyanmethemoglobin method.

Blood Donors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proposed standardization of methods for determining the 24-hour survival of stored red cells.

Two methods of determining the survival of stored red cells are described: one using a double label and one using a single label. It is not suggested that one is superior, but rather both methods are presented in the hope that the personnel of laboratories engaged in determining the effectiveness of anticoagulant-preservation will follow one of the protocols presented. Were this to occur, many of the interlaboratory variations that have decreased the value of data from red cell survival studies would be decreased.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1989

Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among blood product recipients in San Francisco before transfusion.

To determine the incidence of transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after routine screening of donated blood, a pilot study estimated the pretransfusion prevalence of HIV infection among blood product recipients in San Francisco. Among the 911 nonduplicate pretransfusion specimens from recipients without a clinical history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC), the overall prevalence of antibody to HIV was 2.9 percent (5.2% among males and 0.6% among females; p = 0.00002). If recipients in specifically defined or possible high-risk groups (n = 348) were excluded, a seropositivity rate of 1.8 percent (10/563) was detected, with all the positives occurring in men (10/242, 4.1%) and none in women (0/321, 0%). This demonstrated prevalence of HIV infection among blood product recipients in San Francisco before transfusion was substantially higher than the known 0.02 to 0.04 percent prevalence in the donor population. Therefore, the population of women without known risk for AIDS is the best in which to assess the risk of HIV infection in patients who are currently receiving seronegative blood transfusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling and umbilical vein transfusions. Rapid serologic differentiation of fetal blood from maternal blood.

Percutaneous umbilical blood samples (PUBS), obtained under ultrasound guidance, are used for prenatal diagnosis and management of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and other fetal disorders. Rapid testing at the time of sampling is vital to distinguish fetal from maternal blood. Blood typing was performed by slide technique in the treatment room during 38 procedures on 25 patients. Anti-I was used to test 50 presumed PUBS; venous I-positive maternal blood was tested in parallel. Because anti-I cannot detect fetal blood after umbilical vein transfusion (UVT) of I-positive donor blood, ABO and Rh blood typing reagents were used to test 29 samples when maternal and fetal or donor blood groups differed. Monoclonal reagents were used for optimal detection of weak AB antigens in fetal blood. Avid, chemically modified anti-D was used for Rh typing. Blood typing showed 27 (34%) of 79 samples to be maternal blood. Fetal blood was obtained in 8 of 10 cases investigated for fetal disorder and in 16 cases of potential HDN (anti-D, 5; -CD, 5; -cE, 2; -K, 2; -c; -E). The absence of HDN (antigen-negative fetus) was determined in 4 cases. UVT afforded live birth of 9 of 10 infants with HDN and was not indicated in two cases.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1991

When is a unit of blood transfused relative to its date of expiration?

Analysis of computer-generated data from 42,902 transfusions of red cells or whole blood reveales that 30 percent of Rh-positive and 46.5 percent of Rh-negative units of blood will be lost from inventory if the permissible storage time for blood is immediately reduced to 25 days. These data indicate that, should such a reduction be adopted as a means of preventing transfusion-transmitted Yersinia infection, the blood banking industry will have serious difficulties in maintaining an adequate blood supply.

Blood Banks↗