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PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-inflammatory effect of mud-bath applications on adjuvant arthritis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The real effects of mud-bath applications on the inflammatory process are still not clarified. We studied these effects on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in 30 rats by subplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the right hind paw. Ten days after FCA injection, the rats were randomized in 3 groups of 10 each: the first one was submitted to a cycle of mud-bath applications, the second one was treated with indomethacin, the third one received only saline per os (control group). The paw volume, measured by plethysmometry, and the serum levels of TNFalpha and IL-1beta were considered as evaluation parameters. RESULTS: FCA injection caused a progressive enhancement of paw volume and a rapid increase of TNFalpha and IL-1beta serum levels. After the randomization, mud-bath applications reduced inflammation and at the end of the treatment the paw volume and the TNFa and IL-1beta serum levels were significantly tapered in comparison to the controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of mud-bath applications on adjuvant arthritis in rats. These results could explain the beneficial effects of thermal treatments observed in some inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

The influence of alterations in room temperature on skin blood flow during contrast baths in patients with diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Contrast baths (CB) have been used for over two thousand years. But it only was recently that CB were shown to improve limb circulation to a greater extent than that which can be seen after continuous exposure to a warm, constant temperature, bath. However, other studies show that this type of response to temperature can be impaired if the sympathetic nervous system applies vasoconstriction to the blood vessels. Therefore the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between sympathetic outflow on the magnitude of the change of blood flow (BF) during contrast baths in controls and with people diabetes. Sympathetic vasoconstriction activity was altered by global heating. MATERIAL/METHODS: Fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes were compared to 14 age-matched controls. BF was measured during 16 minutes of serial contrast baths of the foot following 3 minutes of warm water and 1 min of cold immersion at 2 different room temperatures, 19 and 32 deg C. RESULTS: When subjects were exposed to global heating (warm room) there is a greater response to CB than when subjects were initially in a cooler room. However, for both temperatures, subjects with diabetes had a response that was over 50% less than that seen in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Removing sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone by global heating benefits subjects with diabetes and control subjects in their response to CB. For subjects with diabetes, global heating may be necessary to increase blood flow to acceptable levels for effective therapy.

Balneology↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of carbon dioxide baths on blood pressure of borderline hypertensive patients].

In 423 patients with borderline hypertension (at rest and/or during exercise) the potential blood pressure reducing effect of CO2-baths was studied. Using standardized blood pressure measurements at rest and during exercise, it was investigated to what extent a fourweek course of CO2-baths could induce a reduction of blood pressure in these patients. They were randomly assigned to a course of baths with either high or low CO2-concentration. A significant fall in blood pressure, both at rest and during exercise was observed in both groups during the course of treatment. Multiple regression analysis identified the loss in body weight during treatment as the main influence factor on reduction in blood pressure. By contrast, no (additional) specific therapeutic effect of CO2-baths on blood pressure reduction could be observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Polishing of titanium prosthetics (Part 6). The chemical polishing baths containing hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid].

Titanium was polished using several chemical polishing baths containing different ratios of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The meltage, surface roughness, and surface texture of titanium samples after chemical polishing were affected by the ratio of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Generally the meltage increased and surface roughness decreased when the mole concentration of hydrofluoric acid was high and that of nitric acid was low. For example the chemical polishing bath containing 5 mole hydrofluoric acid and 5 mole nitric acid improved the surface texture in one minute, but SEM observation revealed a partially rough surface caused by the excessive solution. The chemical polishing bath containing 1 mole hydrofluoric acid and 5 mole nitric acid did not improve the surface texture in a short time because of low solubility, but improved the surface texture gradually with the extension of the immersion time and a good surface texture was observed by SEM. The chemical polishing using the chemical polishing bath with low solubility and immersion of the prosthetics for a rather long time were considered useful procedures to obtain a smooth surface of titanium prosthetics while maintaining their accuracy.

Dental Polishing↗
PubMed1983

Skin photosensitizing and Langerhans' cell depleting activity of topical (bath) PUVA therapy: comparison of trimethylpsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen.

The skin photosensitizing and Langerhans' cell (LC) depleting effects of a single bath PUVA exposure were studied in 22 healthy young volunteers. The photosensitizing effect of bathing for 15 min in a 0.2 mg/1 trioxsalen-water solution was about 30 times as great as a similar treatment in an equipotent methoxsalen solution. The skin erythema induced by methoxsalen bath PUVA peaked on day 2 and diminished thereafter, whereas the trioxsalen reaction showed a broad plateau on days 2-5 after the irradiation. A reduction in LC density to about 30-40% of the starting value was seen in both trioxsalen and methoxsalen bath PUVA treated skin sites on day 4 after irradiation, and low or diminishing LC counts prevailed until day 10-11. The amount of UVA needed to produce a similar degree of LC depletion was 15-30 times as great in the case of methoxsalen, compared with trioxsalen. A perceptible erythema reaction, however, was, not a prerequisite for a reduction in LC density.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Long-term safety of trioxsalen bath PUVA treatment: an 8-year follow-up of 149 psoriasis patients.

A thorough clinical follow-up study with regard to the occurrence of degenerative skin changes and cutaneous carcinomas was undertaken in 1982 in 149 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with PUVA baths (trioxsalen + UVA). The PUVA treatment had been commenced between 1974 and 1978. With trioxsalen baths a high sensitivity to UVA is obtained. The initial UVA dosage is therefore as low as 0.04-0.08 J/cm2 and in the majority of the patients the maximum daily dose was about 1.0 J/cm2. The accumulated UVA dosage was low. Thus 89% of the patients had received less than 50 J/cm2 in 5-8 years of bath PUVA treatment. No degenerative skin changes were found on PUVA-exposed skin that were not also seen on the facial skin not exposed to PUVA. Two patients showed mild mottling of exposed skin. Otherwise no PUVA-related degenerative changes were observed. No carcinomas were found on bath PUVA-treated skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A method of HRP bathing of transected peripheral nerves using a rubber bag.--Its technique and advantage.

The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) bathing method of transected peripheral nerves using a small rubber bag is described and its advantage for labeling neurons is evaluated. In order to apply the HRP to the peripheral nerves, a small rubber bag of appropriate size for the nerves to be bathed was made and was filled with a solution of 20% HRP. The proximal stump of the transected nerve was then inserted into the rubber bag. Nerve cell bodies, retrogradely labeled by this method, were observed to be intense. HRP diffusion to the surrounding tissues was considered negligible at the bathing region. The method presented in this paper is useful adjacent to methods previously reported for HRP application to the peripheral nerves. To illustrate this method, the results of the HRP bathing of either the chorda tympani or the intermediofacial nerve in cats were described.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Dependence on very hot hot-spring bathing in a refractory case of atopic dermatitis.

A 21-year-old female with atopic dermatitis showed "dependence" on very hot hot-spring bathing. Her skin disease had been refractory to various treatments including steroid therapy for a long time. Without medical supervision she took four 3-minute 47 degrees C hot-spring baths daily for a month for the purpose of improving her skin symptom. Subsequently, she could not stop bathing in very hot hot-spring water of her own will. However, a month's isolation in a hospital relieved her of the situation. The mechanism of the dependence on very hot hot-spring bathing may be explained by a transient rise in the plasma beta-endorphin level due to hyperthermal stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Use of aluminum foil baths for embedding biological materials in epoxide resins].

The baths intended for embedding the biological material into epoxide resins are made of aluminium foil, 0.1 mm thick, cut in the form of rectangles (13 X 18 mm). The rectangular foil plates are placed on a soft microporous rubber separator 30--40 mm thick and by means of a form with the base equal to 5 X 10 mm the baths are pressed down by 4 mm deep. The baths are stuck to the paper stripes by rubber cement to ensure easy handling and numeration. In the process of embedding and polymerization the paper stripes having the baths are placed in the exsiccator with P2O5 and thermostate on special aluminium stands.

Epoxy Resins↗
PubMed1978

Cold-induced vasodilatation response at different water bath temperatures in monkeys.

The response of cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) at different water bath temperatures was studied in 20 monkeys (3.5 kg) in a conscious state in a thermoneutral room. The animals were controlled by seating in a monkey chair, and the right hind limb up to 7.5 cm from the heel was immersed in a water bath for 60 min. Four series of experiments were conducted at water bath temperatures of 0 degrees, 4 degrees, 8 degrees, and 12 degrees C, respectively, at weekly intervals and the skin temperatures were measured from three sites in the foot. Marked CIVD response was noted from the dorsum and, to a lesser extent, from the sole of the foot, but no response was seen from the tip of the middle toe at 0 degrees, 4 degrees, and 8 degrees C water bath temperatures. The pattern of CIVD response at 4 degrees C was identical to that of 0 degrees C, but the response at 8 degrees C was poor and was absent at 12 degrees C. Three patterns of CIVD--such as hunting, proportional control, and slow, steady, and continuous rewarming--was observed. However, 15% of the animals did not exhibit any CIVD. The observations show that the CIVD response of monkeys is remarkably similar to that of man.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of oral psoralen-UV-A with a portable tanning unit at home vs hospital-administered bath psoralen-UV-A in patients with chronic hand eczema: an open-label randomized controlled trial of efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether oral psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) with a portable tanning unit at home is as effective as hospital-administered bath PUVA in patients with chronic hand eczema. DESIGN: Open-label randomized controlled trial, with a 10-week treatment period and an 8-week follow-up period. SETTING: Two university hospital dermatology departments in the Netherlands, specializing in hand eczema. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (more than 1 year in duration). INTERVENTIONS: Oral PUVA using methoxsalen capsules and a simple portable commercial facial tanning unit, or hospital-administered bath PUVA with trioxsalen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was clinical assessment by a hand eczema score (evaluation of desquamation, erythema, vesiculation, infiltration, fissures, itch, and pain, each on a 4-point scale) after 10 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcome was hand eczema score at 8 weeks of follow-up, after completion of treatment. The tertiary outcome was travel cost and time off work. RESULTS: Both groups showed a comparable and substantial decrease in hand eczema score (meaningful clinical improvement). This decrease was maintained during the follow-up period. Patients treated with oral PUVA at home had lower travel costs and less time off work. CONCLUSIONS: Oral PUVA at home has a clinically relevant efficacy, similar to that of hospital-administered bath PUVA. This effect was maintained during an 8-week follow-up period. It resulted in lower travel costs and less time off work.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Daily bath and its effect on the normal human skin flora quantitative and qualitative investigations of the aerobic skin flora (author's transl)].

The behaviour of the aerobic skin flora of the flexor sides of the forearm, under a daily repeated bath during 21 days, using two marketable bath-supplements, was investigated in 24 volunteers for its quantitative and qualitative aspects. The combined scrubbing-washing-method was used as described by Burtenshaw with Ringer's solution. After the daily baths, using Wilcoxon-test, statistically no significant changes in the total number of microorganizations and in the number of the single groups of bacteria were found in the areas investigated by intermittent samplings of the skin flora. In the analysis of the composition of the normal aerobic skin flora, however, changes were obvious in 4 volunteers. There were no clinical changes of the skin surface in any of the volunteers.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2001

Disseminated scleroderma of a Japanese patient successfully treated with bath PUVA photochemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Localized scleroderma is known to be resistant to therapies. Recently, it has been reported that bath PUVA photochemotherapy is effective for treating this dermatosis. OBJECTIVES: Although according in earlier reports mainly white populations have been treated successfully with bath PUVA therapy, there is little knowledge of whether it is effective in treating colored populations. We treated a 64-year-old Japanese woman suffering from disseminated scleroderma with bath PUVA photochemotherapy to see its effects. CONCLUSION: Although rather high cumulative UVA doses were required for this patient compared with those needed in earlier reports, no adverse effects were observed. The lesions were markedly improved, suggesting that this therapeutic modality is well-tolerated and useful for colored patients such as the Japanese. Furthermore, it turns out that the thermographical assessment is useful to estimate clinical improvement of this sclerosing skin disorder.

Asian People↗
PubMed1999

[Bath-PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare].

Sixteen patients with generalized granuloma anulare and two patients with localized granuloma anulare received bath-PUVA therapy. Their lesions previously had not responded to conventional therapy. After an average of 55 (11 to 61) treatments and a mean cumulative dose of 69.5 (7.1 to 261.5) J/cm2, complete remission was observed in 5 patients and a clear improvement in 10 patients. Three patients stopped therapy after few treatments. Recurrent lesions appeared in 4 patients; in three of them reinitiation of the bath-PUVA-therapy again led to complete remission. Maintenance therapy for several months may be useful for patients suffering from relapsing granuloma anulare. Potential risks of long-lasting bath-PUVA therapy should be taken into consideration.

Baths↗
PubMed1991

Impact of mass bathing on the water quality of the Ganga River at Haudeshwarnath (Pratapgarh), India--a case study.

This paper reports on the impact of mass bathing on Ganga River water quality on the occasion of the Maha-Shivaratri festival at Haudeshwarnath Ghat situated on the left bank of the River Ganga in the district of Pratapgarh, India. Water samples collected from three sampling points before and after mass bathing were analysed for a total of 17 physico-chemical and seven biological parameters. It was concluded from the results that mass bathing causes a significant change in water quality of the river, which may represent a health hazard to users of the river water.

Baths↗
PubMed1981

The disinfection of baths and shower trolleys in hospitals.

The contamination level of bath tubs and shower trolleys has been studied after use by hospital patients and following either disinfection with a phenolic disinfectant-detergent or cleaning with a detergent. After use the surfaces were contaminated with 0.5 x 10(3) - 1.7 x 10(3) colony-forming units/dm2. Cleaning and disinfection reduced the contamination level approximately tenfold. As disinfection is not more efficient than cleaning the latter procedure should routinely be preferred after each use of a bath or a shower trolley. However, disinfection may be more effective than cleaning after bathing or showering a patient with a major wound or skin infection.

Baths↗
PubMed1983

Total body bathing with 'Hibiscrub' (chlorhexidine) in surgical patients: a controlled trial.

Total body bathing with 'Hibiscrub' (chlorhexidine-detergent) solution was compared with non-medicated soap in 224 patients admitted for surgery. Some 9.6 per cent of patients were found to be nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus on admission but 17.3 per cent were colonized at some time during their inpatient stay. Skin colonization by Staph, aureus was only seen in four patients (2 per cent), three were cleared by 'Hibiscrub' bathing but carriage persisted in the other patient who used non-medicated soap. A greater reduction in the total bacterial count on the skin and in the perianal region was seen in patients using 'Hibiscrub'. An increase in the bacterial count was frequently seen in patients using non-medicated soap. Postoperative staphylococcal wound infection occurred in nine patients (4-0 per cent) but nasal or skin carriage was only present in two patients. Although there was no difference in the rates of infection using 'Hibiscrub' or ordinary soap, pre-operative bathing with 'Hibiscrub' may be beneficial as there is a greater reduction in the total bacterial count. The use of non-medicated soap is of dubious value and may even increase the numbers of bacteria on the skin.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the effects of preoperative whole-body bathing with detergent alone and with detergent containing chlorhexidine gluconate on the frequency of wound infections after clean surgery. The European Working Party on Control of Hospital Infections.

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 27 surgical units in six European countries, the effect of preoperative whole-body bathing on two occasions with a detergent containing chlorhexidine (CHX+) on the incidence of wound infection in elective, clean surgery was compared with two bathings with a detergent without chlorhexidine (CHX-). In the CHX+ group 2.62% of 1413 patients and in the CHX- group 2.36% of 1400 patients subsequently became infected. The infection rate in the CHX+ group was 1.11 times that in the CHX- group with 95% confidence limits ranging between 0.69 and 1.82. Consequently, bathing patients twice preoperatively with chlorhexidine-detergent did not reduce the incidence of infection of clean wounds.

Adolescent↗