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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[The role of CARA for assessment of visual problems].

The text specifies the role of CARA (Centre of Fitness to drive and Car adaptations) in the assessment of the fitness to drive an automobile. From the visual point of view, an assessment of the repercussions of a reduced field of vision on fitness can (if the ophthalmologist is in favour) be made by testing it on a public road.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

The injury risk to wheelchair occupants using motor vehicle transportation.

The transportation safety experience for persons using wheelchairs is largely unknown. Motor vehicle crash involvement and injury frequency was examined in a telephone interview completed by 596 wheelchair users. Overall, 42% were drivers. Most subjects also rode as passengers in private vehicles (87%) and public vehicles (61%). Wheelchair use as a seat in the vehicle was higher among passengers than drivers. Crash involvement was highest among drivers and lower in passengers. Reported injuries from non-crash scenarios, though, were higher in passengers compared to drivers. Persons seated in wheelchairs in vehicles appear to be at a greater safety risk.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Epilepsy and driving in Belgium: proposals and justification.

Proposals about the regulations and medical criteria concerning epilepsy and driving, originally drawn up by the Commission on Epilepsy and Risk from the Belgian League against Epilepsy were discussed and amended by a panel of representatives of several scientific societies and of all Belgian universities in order to establish a broad consensus among Belgian epileptologists. The history of driving licencing in Belgium is discussed and some background information given to put the regulations in perspective. A proposal is made for an acceptable level of risk. Subsequently, a quantification of risk for different situations concerning seizures is attempted. The proposals will be discussed and some further practical advice given. Individual assessment of the ability to drive remains indispensable.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed2004

Occam's approach to video critical behavior detection: a practical real time video in-vehicle alertness monitor.

Driver and pilot fatigue and incapacitation are major causes of injuries and equipment loss. A method is proposed for constant in-vehicle monitoring of alertness, including detection of drowsiness and incapacitation. Novel features of this method include increases in efficiency and specificity that allow real time monitoring in the functional environment by practicable and affordable hardware. The described approach should result in a generally deployable system with acceptable sensitivity and specificity and with capability for operator alarms and automated vehicle intervention to prevent injuries caused by reduced levels of operator performance.

Attention↗
PubMed2004

Driver monitoring--new challenges for smart sensor-based systems.

Decreased vigilance and fatigue are major factors accounting for driver error. Moreover, it is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. The development and integration of non invasive systems to detect driver fatigue in real time is a challenging task for the near future. Smart systems promise new approaches to sensor development, signal processing and interpretation to asses the evolution of the physiological state of the driver. At the same time, however, driver monitoring should be realistic in terms of automotive constraints, price and robustness. Can smart materials meet those requirements? Issues involved in driver monitoring will be discussed and an overview of the demands placed on smart materials by the automotive environment will be given.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Real world crash evaluation of vehicle stability control (VSC) technology.

This study quantifies the effect of Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) in reducing crash involvement rates for a subset of vehicles in the US fleet. Crash rates for a variety of impact types before and after VSC technology was implemented are compared. Police-reported crashes from six available US state files from 1998-2002 were analyzed including 13,987 crash-involved study vehicles not equipped with the technology and 5,671 crashes of vehicles equipped with VSC as a standard feature. Overall, an 11.2% (95% CI: 2.4%, 21.1%) reduction in multi-vehicle frontal crash involvement was identified for VSC-equipped vehicles. A 52.6% (95% CI: 42.5%, 62.7%) reduction in single-vehicle crash rates was found.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

[Selected work-related health problems in drivers of public transport vehicles].

The literature data and our own studies show that in drivers of public transport vehicles, largely intensified work-related risk factors for arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, duodenal and gastric ulcer diseases and back pain syndrome are found. These involves occupational risk factors as well as classic ones, such as obesity, limited physical activity or tobacco smoking. Among occupational risk factors, stress induced by the responsibility for assuring public safety in heavy urban traffic, time pressure and contacts with passengers predominate. Other burdens observed in this occupational group include specific, partly forced, position of the body at work and the shift work system. Exposure to chemical agents present in exhaust gas may increase the incidence of cancer at some sites in this group of drivers. Multifaceted burdens occurring in this occupation may impair health, leading to temporary or permanent disability to work. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop specific preventive programs addressed to this occupational group not only because of economic reasons, but mostly to increase public transport safety.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1990

Interactions between alcohol and benzodiazepines.

Because alcohol is so widely used as a social drug and benzodiazepines are so widely used as therapeutic agents, the number of persons who may be using both drugs concurrently is high. Despite this frequent concurrent use, interactions of major consequence are not common. Major interactions are pharmacodynamic, involving common actions of both drugs as sedatives. Excessive sedation from a combination of both drugs is a most important consideration when driving an automobile. However, it is well known that tolerance develops quickly to the sedative effects of benzodiazepines when used in anxiolytic doses. Also, one must balance the benefit from relief of anxiety versus possible impairment of function from oversedation. Abuse of benzodiazepines is almost exclusively among subjects who also abuse alcohol, doubtless due to the fact that the two drugs show cross-dependence. The clinical practice of avoiding use of benzodiazepines (or other sedative-hypnotics) in known alcoholics is sound and should avoid many potential problems.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[Ambulatory invasive and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring].

Indirect arterial blood pressure measurement has not changed substantially since its introduction by Riva-Rocci in 1986, Korotkoff in 1905 and Recklinghausen in 1906. Random measurements in the clinic or practice reflect only incompletely the dynamic nature of the blood pressure. Blood pressure recordings by patients themselves have provided more information through better temporal resolution, however, exact characterization of the pressure response throughout the entire day and, in particular, during physical exertion are not enabled; the latter are especially important with regard to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. In 1966, therefore, radiotelemetric transmission of direct, continuously-measured arterial blood pressure was developed which enabled beat-to-beat registration of blood pressure, outside the laboratory, during normal daily life and sport activities. The initial results showed a marked variability of the blood pressure during the course of the day (Figure 1). Excessive blood pressure increases were observed during exposure to cold, static and dynamic exercise and to a lesser degree during automobile driving and exposure to heat (Figure 3). Recording of the pressure curves via transmission by radiotelemetry shows a high degree of accuracy and temporal resolution, spatial and situational freedom but is invasive and costly in terms of personnel. The same holds true for direct continuous blood pressure registration and storage on a portable tape recorder. Portable, automatic blood pressure measuring units for ambulatory monitoring employ indirect auscultatory or oscillometric recording with a cuff. As compared with the radiotelemetric direct continuous blood pressure measuring method, the indirect method has subordinate temporal resolution, that is, the measurements are only intermittent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of mandating seatbelt use: a series of surveys on compliance in Michigan.

Although proper use of automobile seatbelts reduces risk of serious injury or death in traffic crashes by 30 to 50 percent, seatbelt use remains low. Recently, several States have passed laws requiring the use of seatbelts. Michigan implemented such a law July 1, 1985. Direct-observation surveys of a probability sample of motorists throughout the State were conducted before the law was passed, after passage but before implementation, immediately after the law took effect, and 5 months after implementation. The results showed a significant increase in the use of restraints from 19.8 percent before the law was passed to 58.4 percent immediately after it took effect. A restraint use survey conducted in December 1985, 5 months after implementation, measured the use of restraints at 43.0 percent. Despite that decline, belt use was 117 percent higher than the 19.8 percent measured before passage of the law mandating the use of seatbelts.

Adolescent↗