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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Peak VO2 correction for fat-free mass estimated by anthropometry and DEXA.

PURPOSE: Anthropometric (ANTHRO) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) estimates of total body and leg fat-free masses (FFM) were obtained in 77 randomly selected sedentary men and women, aged 20-80: intermethod limits of agreement and their clinical significance, as inferred from the differences on peak VO2 corrected for FFMANTHRO and FFMDEXA, were determined. METHODS: Limits of agreement were calculated as mean bias +/- 95% confidence intervals: peak VO2 at maximum cycle ergometry was related to FFMANTHRO and FFMDEXA by using both standard (y x x(-1)) and power function ratios (allometry). RESULTS: Data distribution of the ANTHRO-DEXA differences presented significant heteroscedasticity in both sexes, i.e., differences were proportional to the mean (P < 0.05). After logarithmic transformation, the mean bias +/- 95% limits of agreement were expressed as ratios (ANTHRO x DEXA(-1) x// error ratio): these corresponded to 0.95 x// 1.11 or 0.99 x// 1.15 for total body FFM and 0.90 x// 1.10 or 1.02 x// 1.07 for leg FFM in men and women, respectively. In addition, we found different allometric exponents for FFMANTHRO and FFMDEXA: the intermethod differences, therefore, increased after power function expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Discrepancies between ANTHRO and DEXA measurements of FFM depend on the magnitude of the estimate: differences are typically within 10 to 15%. Importantly, FFM-corrected peak VO2 values can vary according to the method chosen for body composition assessment, especially when allometry is used for peak VO2 correction. These results demonstrate that ANTHRO-DEXA differences in FFM estimation do have relevant practical consequences for the analysis of maximum aerobic capacity in nontrained humans.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

Ocular and facial anthropometry of young adult males of Arab origin.

Other investigators have provided normal values of facial and ocular dimensions of subjects of different ethnic backgrounds. Our main reason for carrying out this study was to provide a data base of similar measurements for the male Arab (Saudi) population. A projected photographic technique was used. Measurements from the photographs were transformed to real life distances by multiplying by a constant factor. The results of our investigations show that Japanese have wider inter-outer canthal distance (IOCD) than Arabs and Caucasians, both of whom have similar IOCD. Arabs have wider inter-inner canthal distance (IICD) than Caucasians. African-Americans and Japanese have wider inter pupillary distance (IPD) than Arabs. Percentile values of the measured distances will aid in syndrome diagnosis among male Arabs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Risk of breast cancer in relation to anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose metabolism: a prospective study within the Malmö Preventive Project.

Insulin resistance may be a risk factor for breast cancer, possibly through increased levels of oestrogens or insulin-like growth factor I. Insulin resistance has been associated with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance. We studied the relation of these factors to breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort study of 9738 women. Menopausal status was defined a priori, and 112 cases of invasive breast carcinoma occurred in women who were premenopausal at baseline and 157 cases in subjects who were peri/postmenopausal. Relative risks (RR) for breast cancer were calculated by Cox's proportional hazards analysis for different quartiles of height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and glucose at 120 min after an oral dose of glucose. Peri/postmenopausal women had a significantly increased age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer associated with height (RR = 1.78 for the highest versus lowest quartile), and the RR was increased over quartiles of cholesterol levels (P-value for trend: 0.05). No other significant associations were found. Adjustments for potential confounding factors or restriction of the analysis to cases and person-years before 55 years of age (premenopausal women), or after 55 years (peri/postmenopausal women), did not change

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2007

Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry to measure fat-free mass in children and adolescents with Crohn disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the precision of published prediction equations for fat-free mass (FFM) from bioimpedance measurements in children with Crohn disease using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as an in vivo gold standard. METHODS: Fat-free mass of 49 white boys and girls ages 7.3 to 16.9 y suffering from Crohn disease was measured by DXA. Body weight, height and bioimpedance measurements were also collected. FFM measured by DXA (FFM(DXA)) was compared with FFM predicted by the only 5 published prediction equations available for children and adolescents. An equation was developed for predicting FFM and was validated using a bootstrap method. RESULTS: When correlating predicted FFM with FFM(DXA), Schaefer's equation showed the highest R2 (0.950), the smallest standard error of estimate (SEE) (2.05 kg) and the smallest percentage error (0.28%). Our prediction equation for estimating FFM was FFM = 0.652 Ht2/Z + 0.0385 Wt + 0.586 Age - 0.327, R2 = 0.951, SEE = 2.08, P < 0.0005, where Ht2/Z is the impedance index in cm2/ohm, Wt is body weight in kilograms, age is in years. R2 value from bootstrap method was 0.950 +/- 0.01 (95% confidence interval 0.927-0.968), indicating an acceptable validation of the derived formula. CONCLUSIONS: The formula of Schaefer is the best for predicting FFM. The present study provides a new prediction equation for estimating FFM in children with Crohn disease that may be used in clinical settings in which more sophisticated body composition measuring equipments are not available.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthropometry and breast cancer risk in Nigerian women.

The recent upsurge in global obesity and the recognition of the role of metabolic syndrome and other correlates of obesity in the etiology of breast cancer and other chronic diseases has created the impetus for renewed interest in the role of anthropometric measures in breast cancer risk. This case-control study was designed to evaluate the role of anthropometric variables in breast cancer susceptibility in an indigenous sub-Saharan African population drawn from midwestern and southeastern Nigeria, a population grossly underreported in the global epidemiologic literature. Study participants were 250 women with breast cancer who were receiving treatment in the surgical outpatient clinics and surgical wards of four university teaching hospitals located in midwestern and southeastern Nigeria, while the controls were 250 age-matched women without breast cancer or other malignant diseases being treated for other surgical diseases in the same institutions between September 2002 and April 2004. Waist:hip ratio (WHR) was associated with a significant 2.5-fold increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-4.41] and a 2-fold increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.04-2.53). Increasing height conferred a modestly nonsignificant increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 0.98-2.58). The study showed that WHR is a significant predictor of breast cancer risk in Nigerian women and measures to sustain increased physical activity and ensure healthy dietary practices are recommended to reduce the burden of obesity in the population.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2006

Ghrelin, motilin, insulin concentration in healthy infants in the first months of life: relation to fasting time and anthropometry.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate: (i) the relation between fasting time and serum ghrelin, motilin and insulin concentrations and (ii) the correlations between these hormones and anthropometrical parameters of infants in the first 18 months of life. PATIENT AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 62 term infants was performed. Blood samples for hormonal assay were obtained at least 1 h after feeding. Weight, length and head circumference were recorded. Plasma ghrelin, motilin and insulin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Ghrelin and motilin had a significant direct correlation with fasting time (r = 0.447; P < 0.001 and r = 0.36; P = 0.004, respectively). We observed a negative influence of insulin on ghrelin levels (beta = -0.32; P = 0.036). Plasma ghrelin levels correlated significantly with age (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), weight (r = 0.31, P = 0.013), head circumference (r = 0.35, P = 0.006) and length (r = 0.39, P = 0.001). A significant correlation emerged between motilin and age (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), weight (r = 0.43, P = 0.001), head circumference (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) and length (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fasting influence on serum ghrelin concentration confirms the role of this hormone as a physiological meal initiator also in infancy. The correlation between ghrelin, anthropometrical parameters and age supports the hypothesis that this hormone could exert an important influence on growth in the first months of life. Considering motilin, age and weight might play a role in determining its secretion; motilin could be considered one of the numerous factors involved in long-term regulation of energy balance.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1979

Anthropometry in the Cri du Chat syndrome.

Anthropometric and cranial X-ray measurements of 35 individuals with a 5p- karyotype showed a general growth retardation. Height, weight, circumference of the thorax, pelvic breadth, and the size of the skull, face, hands and feet were all subnormal. Only the inner canthal distance was moderately increased, especially in young individuals, but there was no true hypertelorism. The palate was not high-arched. Large and small terminal deletions produced much the same anthropometric features; and the proband's sex did not have a major influence. Age variations within parameters examined followed the developmental pattern of normal individuals. A certain phenotypical variation in the Cri du Chat syndrome may therefore be attributed to normal changes or to intrapersonal conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Anthropometry and obesity in myelomeningocele.

Anthropometric data on 110 myelomeningocele (MMC) subjects in relation to age, sex, level of lesion and ambulation were studied to investigate growth and the occurrence of obesity in MMC. In 52 subjects, indices of obesity were validated against body composition analysis of total body fat (%BF) using body potassium and body water techniques. Most subjects were short and light compared to reference data and became relatively shorter and heavier with age. Overall trunk growth was not affected by the level of lesion, but sitting height was affected by kyphoscoliosis. Arm spans were similar to reference data, but were significantly greater in wheelchair users. Leg length was greatest in those who walked. Body composition data showed excess adipose in many MMC subjects, this tendency increasing with age. When correlated with %BF determined from body composition analysis, common clinical indices of obesity had variable r values (wt/ht2 0.78; wt/sitting ht2 0.77; upper arm fat area 0.75; triceps skinfold 0.74; wt/arm span2 0.68, with the 4 skinfold method correlating best, 0.82). Anthropometric measures, taken with cognizance of level of disability and mobility, can accurately assess body growth and the occurrence of obesity in MMC. The influence of ambulatory activity in promoting normal growth is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of hand-to-hand bioimpedance and anthropometry equations versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body fat percentage in 17-18-year-old conscripts.

In the present study, hand-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold (SKF) thickness and height-weight (body mass index, BMI)-based equations and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), as a criterion method, were compared with each other in the assessment of body fat percentage (BF%) in 17-18-year-old Estonian conscripts (n = 32). The Omron BF body fat monitor estimated that BF% was lower than that of the criterion method DEXA. The difference between DEXA and Omron BF 300 (III) was higher (1.1 +/- 3.0%; P = 0.04) and that between DEXA and Omron BF 306 lower (0.2 +/- 3.0%; P>0.05). Omron BF 300 (I) and (II) (series 8) had intermediate difference (0.9 +/- 3.0 and 0.9 +/- 3.0; P>0.05) when compared with DEXA. Three anthropometric equations estimated a higher BF% than cthat of DEXA. The Durnin & Womersley SKF equation BF% (1.0 +/- 2.4; P = 0.03) was higher than that of the DEXA. Deurenberg et al. and Gallagher et al. BMI-based equations overestimation yielded 0.9 +/- 3.7 and 0.6 +/- 3.8 BF% (P>0.05). From the anthropometric equations, only the Deurenberg et al. SKF equation slightly underestimated 0.5 +/- 3.4 BF% (P>0.05). DEXA-assessed BF% had highest correlation with SKF equations (r = 0.93), less so with BIA (r = 0.88-0.89) and lowest with BMI equation-assessed BF% (r = 0.81-0.84). All values were significant at P<0.001. We can conclude that the Omron BF 306 body fat monitor and the anthropometric Deurenberg et al. SKF equation yielded results close to the DEXA BF%.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

Anthropometry for children's spectacle frames.

Facial measurements of 154 Caucasian children aged 5-14 were taken, to provide statistical information for spectacle frame manufacturers. The main differences compared with adult measurements were in the following dimensions: temple width, head width, bridge height, projection, splay angle and front to bend. The range of the 'distance between rims' measurement of adults, was similar to that of children. A number of differences between this group and a small group of Afro-Caribbean children was encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Anthropometry of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Standing height, sitting height, armspan, subischial leg length, head circumference, and growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis were determined in 86 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. The aim of this study was to determine standing height and body proportions and their variability among osteogenesis imperfecta types and collagen defects. Mean standing height was reduced in all groups of patients, to the greatest extent and variability in osteogenesis imperfecta type III/IV and in those with qualitative collagen defects. The mean standing height of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta was lower than that of their unaffected first degree family members. Truncal height of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta was reduced; head size was increased, and this was more pronounced in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type III/IV and qualitative collagen defects than in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type I and quantitative collagen defects. Mean concentrations of IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were low, but most values were within age specific reference values. The reduction of standing height appears to correlate with osteogenesis imperfecta type and the type of collagen defect. A relatively short trunk is typical and head circumference and body length are disproportionate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Anthropometry, physical performance, and ultrasound patellar tendon abnormality in elite junior basketball players: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Patellar tendinopathy has been reported to be associated with many intrinsic risk factors. Few have been fully investigated. This cross-sectional study examined the anthropometric and physical performance results of elite junior basketball players with normal or abnormal patellar tendons to see if any measures were associated with changes in tendon morphology. METHODS: Agility, leg strength, endurance, and flexibility were measured in 71 male and 64 female players. A blinded radiologist ultrasonographically examined their patellar tendons and athletes were grouped as having normal or abnormal tendons. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in anthropometric and physical performance data for athletes whose tendons were normal or abnormal (unilateral or bilateral tendinopathy) on ultrasound. RESULTS: Results show that females with abnormalities in their tendons had a significantly better vertical jump (50.9+/-6.8 cm) than those with normal tendons (46.1+/-5.4 cm) (p = 0.02). This was not found in males. In males, the mean sit and reach in those with normal tendons (13.2+/-6.7 cm) was greater (p<0.03) than in unilateral tendinopathy (10.3+/-6.2 cm) or in bilateral tendinopathy (7.8+/-8.3 cm). In females, those with normal tendons (13.3+/-4.8 cm) and bilateral tendinopathy (15.8+/-6.2 cm) were distinctly different from those with unilateral tendinopathy (7.9+/-6.6 cm). CONCLUSION: Flexibility and vertical jump ability are associated with patellar tendinopathy and the findings warrant consideration when managing young, jumping athletes.

Adolescent↗