Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Angioscopy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Angioscopic video-assisted pulmonary endarterectomy for post-embolic pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the use of video-assisted angioscopy would increase the outcome of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE). METHODS: PTE included a median sternotomy, intrapericardial dissection of the superior vena cava, institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia and sequential circulatory arrest periods. It was always performed through two separate arteriotomies on both main intrapericardial pulmonary arteries, into which a rigid 5 mm angioscope connected to a video camera was introduced to increase the visibility and endarterectomies. RESULTS: From January 1996 to July 1998, 68 consecutive patients (35 males and 33 females) aged 54.3 +/- 13.5 years underwent PTE. Patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II (n = 2), III (n = 43) or IV (n = 23) with the following hemodynamics: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) 54 +/- 13 mmHg; cardiac output (CO): 3.8 +/- 0.8 l/min, and total pulmonary resistance (TPR): 1207 +/- 416 dyne x s x cm(-5). The cumulated circulatory arrest time was 23 +/- 12 min and postoperative length of ventilatory support 10 +/- 12 days. Nine patients died, for an overall in-hospital mortality of 13.2%. The functional outcome in surviving patients was significantly improved (P < 0.0001) both clinically (NYHA class 3.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.6) and hemodynamically (PAP (mmHg) 53.1 +/- 13 vs. 30.2 +/- 11.8, CI (l/min per m2) 2.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6, TPR (dyne x s x cm(-5)) 1174 +/- 416 vs. 519 +/- 250). CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted angioscopy improves the quality and degree of pulmonary endarterectomy expanding the indications to include patients with previously inaccessible distal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Present status of infrainguinal arterial bypass procedures following an all autogenous policy--long-term results of a single center.

OBJECTIVES: The direction of vein grafts for infrainguinal arterial reconstruction is controversial. Long-term results of a single center following an all autogenous tissue policy in infrainguinal arterial reconstruction are reported with special attention to possible advantages for the in situ and non-reversed bypass using angioscopy. METHODS: From 10/88 until 12/00 540 bypasses with autogenous veins were performed on 497 patients. Veins were used in a non-reversed or in-situ direction, valve disruption was performed under angioscopic control. All grafts were prospectively included in our data base and follow-up was scheduled in our vascular lab before discharge and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 etc. months. RESULTS: Primary patency of all bypasses after 108 months was 55.2%, primary assisted 76.9% (SE +/- 9.87), survival 58.4% (SE +/- 8.88) and limb salvage 81.3% (SE +/- 9.75). Perioperative mortality was 0.9% (5 pat). Patency rates (primary assisted patency) after 72 months were 81.7% (98.2%) for supragenicular, 61.5% (79.4%) for infragenicular and 56.6% (78.1%) for tibial anastomoses and for pedal reconstructions after 48 months 49.3% (68.6%). CONCLUSION: Reviewing the literature neither the in situ and non-reversed nor the reversed grafts yielded better long-term results. Absence of size mismatch may be an advantage in smaller veins. Angioscopy may detect unsuspected vein disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Microvessels of bulbar conjunctiva in UPTAH goats.

Aiming to observe directly the microcirculation after total artificial heart (TAH) implantation, we performed a long-term follow-up in 2 goats using conjunctival angioscopy. A short segment of parallel arteriole and venule was photographed and analyzed on computer picture program (magnification 40x). Three main parameters were measured: arteriole diameter, venule diameter, and arteriovenous ratio (A/V ratio). The intrathoracically implanted TAH was the undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) with cardiac output of 100 ml/kg/min. To stabilize the peripheral hemodynamics a 1/R biofeedback control system was used. Our results provided only elementary data about morphology of bulbar microvessels. The main finding was the tendency to general vasoconstriction, more intensive on the venous side (*P < 0.05 in one goat). We did not observe any pathological shapes (e.g., tortuosities, varicosities, or sludge); this result could be attributed to the high effectivity of 1/R control method. These preliminary results should be considered only as an attempt to apply the widely used clinical method of conjunctival angioscopy to the conditions of TAH.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Intraoperative assessment of technical perfection in carotid endarterectomy: a prospective analysis of 1305 completion procedures. Collaborators of the EVEREST study group. Eversion versus standard carotid endartectomy.

OBJECTIVE: to define the incidence of technical defects and the impact of technical errors on ipsilateral carotid occlusion, ipsilateral stroke, and early restenosis rates, we analysed 1305 patients undergoing carotid completion procedures. DESIGN: prospective multicentre study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: adequacy of CEA was assessed intraoperatively by angiography in 1004 (77%), by angioscopy in 299 (22%), and by duplex scan in two patients (1%). Arteriograms and angioscopic findings were interpreted at the time of the procedure by the operating surgeon, who also established the need for immediate surgical revision. RESULTS: perioperatively, 13 major strokes (0.9%, all ipsilateral) and six deaths (0.4%) were recorded. Overall, 112 defects (9%) were identified intraoperatively: 81 (72%) were located in the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA), and 31 (28%) in the external carotid artery. In 48 patients (4%) the defects were revised. Logistic regression analysis revealed that carotid plaque extension >2 cm on the ICA was a positive independent predictor of CEA defects (odds ratio (OR) 1.5p=0.03). A significant association was found between the incidence of revised defects of the CCA and ICA and perioperative ipsilateral stroke (OR 11.5p=0.0002). In contrast, patients with minor non-revised defects had an ipsilateral stroke rate comparable to that of patients with no defects (p=0.4). No significant association was found between revised or non-revised defects and occurrence of restenosis/occlusion at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of major technical defects during CEA is low, yet the perioperative neurological prognosis of patients with major defects warranting revision is poor. Completion angiography or angioscopy and possible correction of defects did not protect per se from an unfavourable early outcome after CEA. Therefore, surgical excellence is mandatory to achieve satisfactory results after CEA.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Morphological changes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of unstable plaques. Insights from serial angioscopic follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the morphological changes occurring in the months following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of unstable plaques. BACKGROUND: Coronary angioscopy is a relatively new technique to assess plaque morphology. Previous angioscopic studies have shown that unstable coronary lesions are characterized by complex morphology, evidence of plaque rupture, and intraluminal thrombi. No serial angioscopic studies have investigated the effects of PTCA on plaque morphology at such lesions. METHODS: We studied 15 patients who underwent successful PTCA for an unstable coronary syndrome (unstable angina: n = 5; recent myocardial infarction: n = 10). Angioscopy was performed immediately before PTCA in 14 patients, immediately after PTCA in 13 patients, and at follow-up (225 +/- 62 days after PTCA) in all patients. RESULTS: Pre-PTCA, plaque morphology was defined as complex in 18%, ulcerated in 27%; the vessel was totally occluded in 18% of cases. Plaque colour was yellow in 75% of patients. A thrombus was identified at the lesion site in 71% of patients. Immediately post-PTCA, small surface disruptions and dissections were observed in 62% of patients. Plaque colour was yellow in 85% of cases. Seventy-seven percent of patients had an angioscopically visible thrombus at the PTCA site. At follow-up, however, plaque shape was almost uniformly classified as smooth concentric (93%); plaque colour was white in 93%; no thrombus was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the healing of unstable plaques in the months following PTCA. The angioscopic appearance at 6 months is that of a stable plaque (smooth concentric, white, without thrombus). Whether this stable angioscopic appearance predicts long-term clinical stability remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intracoronary ultrasound and angioscopic imaging facilitating the understanding and treatment of post-infarction angina.

We report on the use of intravascular ultrasound, coronary angioscopy and on-line quantitative angiography in an unstable patient soon after myocardial infarction. Combined intracoronary imaging made it possible to solve the therapeutic problem posed by an unusual angiographic appearance secondary to intracoronary thrombolysis during coronary recanalization. The pathological validation of the observations performed with angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound was made possible with the concomitant use of directional atherectomy.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1995

Mechanisms of luminal enlargement and quantification of vessel wall trauma following balloon coronary angioplasty and directional atherectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the dual action of lumen enlargement and vessel wall damage following either balloon angioplasty or directional atherectomy, using intracoronary ultrasound, and angioscopy. BACKGROUND: Differences in the mechanisms of action of balloon angioplasty and directional atherectomy may have a significant bearing on the immediate outcome and the restenosis rate at 6 months. METHODS: A total of 36 patients were studied before and after either balloon angioplasty (n = 18) or directional atherectomy (n = 18). Ultrasound measurements included changes in lumen area, external elastic membrane area and plaque burden. In addition, the presence and extent of dissections were assessed to derive a damage score. Angioscopic assessment of the dilated or atherectomized stenotic lesions was translated into semi-quantitative dissection, thrombus and haemorrhage scores. RESULTS: Atherectomy patients had a larger angiographic vessel size compared with the angioplasty group (3.55 +/- 0.46 mm vs 3.00 +/- 0.64 mm, P < 0.05); however, minimal lumen diameter (1.18 +/- 0.96 mm vs 0.85 +/- 0.49 mm) and plaque burden (17.04 +/- 3.69 vs 15.23 +/- 4.92 mm2) measurements did not differ significantly. As a result of plaque reduction, atherectomy produced a larger increase in luminal area than the angioplasty group (5.80 +/- 1.78 mm2 vs 2.44 +/- 1.36 mm2, P < 0.0001). Lumen increase after angioplasty was the result of 'plaque compression' (50%) and wall stretching (50%). Additionally, in both groups there was indirect angioscopic evidence of thrombus 'microembolization' as an adjunctive mechanism of lumen enlargement. Angioscopy identified big flaps in six and small intimal flaps in 11 of the atherectomized patients as compared with five and 12 patients in the angioplasty group. Changes in thrombus score following both coronary interventions were identical (0.72 +/- 3.42 points atherectomy vs -0.38 +/- 3.27 points balloon angioplasty, ns). CONCLUSIONS: Lumen enlargement after directional atherectomy is mainly achieved by plaque removal (87%), whereas balloon dilation is the result of vessel wall stretching (50%) and plaque reduction (50%). Despite the fact that the luminal gain achieved by directional atherectomy is twice that achieved with balloon angioplasty, the extent of trauma induced by both techniques seems to be similar.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Arterial imaging.

Angioscopy, magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography, and nuclear medicine are assuming an increasingly important role in arterial imaging. This review discusses recent advances in these modalities. Angioscopy has proven valuable in monitoring intraoperative surgical procedures as well as percutaneous interventions. Carotid artery magnetic resonance angiography is gaining increasing acceptance in clinical practice. Magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral arteries is limited by spatial resolution and signal loss distal to the stenosis. The role of computed tomography in limiting the number of aortograms performed in evaluating aortic laceration remains controversial; however, several recent papers indicate its usefulness in evaluating clinically stable patients with abnormal chest radiographs. Computed tomography of abdominal aortic aneurysms may obviate the need for preoperative aortography in the majority of cases. Nuclear imaging for deep venous thrombosis using 111In-labeled antifibrin monoclonal antibodies was shown highly sensitive in its initial report.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Complement-induced retinal arteriolar occlusions in the cat.

PURPOSE: To develop an animal model of complement-induced retinal vasculopathy and determine whether it resembles Purtscher's retinopathy. METHODS: Intravenous cobra venom factor was used to achieve intravascular activation of the complement system in cats. After a single bolus of cobra venom factor (75 units/kg), retinal blood flow was monitored at regular intervals by fluorescein angioscopy and angiography. RESULTS: Multiple small retinal arteriolar occlusions were present during the initial fluorescein transit of the immediate postinjection fluorescein study in 12 of 12 animals. Small, rapidly moving gaps in the fluorescein column were seen in two thirds of the animals observed continuously by fluorescein angioscopy. Angiographically, the obstructions were transient, and filling of the associated patches of capillary nonperfusion occurred within 3 minutes. Purtscher's-like ischemic retinal infarcts did not develop in any eye. Histopathologic analysis failed to demonstrate the nature of the transient vascular obstructive lesions, but indirect evidence suggested the possibility of granulocyte aggregates. CONCLUSION: Intravascular activation of the complement system produces transient microembolic retinal arteriolar occlusions in the cat. Although this model may represent a mild form of Purtscher's retinopathy, factors in addition to complement activation appear necessary to induce ischemic retinal infarcts.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed1995

Intraoperative coronary artery dilatation with angioscopic guidance.

The use of intraoperative balloon dilatation during coronary artery bypass surgery has been limited due to relatively unpredictable and potentially damaging results. The development of fiberoptic angioscopy permits safe visualization of the interior of coronary arteries and may be a valuable adjunct to intraoperative balloon dilatation. A 56-year-old male underwent four vessel coronary grafting with progressive intraoperative balloon dilatation of a second more distal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Angioscopy was used to determine optimal balloon sizing and allowed visualization of associated intimal changes that occurred during the procedure, resulting in a successful outcome for this patient.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2002

In vivo quantitative tissue characterization of human coronary arterial plaques by use of integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound and comparison with angioscopic findings.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to define whether integrated backscatter (IB) combined with conventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) makes tissue characterization of coronary arterial plaques possible. METHODS AND RESULTS: IB-IVUS was performed in coronary arteries (total 18 segments) of 9 patients at autopsy, and the findings were compared with the histology. RF signals, which were digitized at 2 GHz in 8-bit resolution, were obtained with an IVUS system with a 40-MHz catheter. IB values of the RF signal from the region of interest (ROI) (100-microm depth, 1.4 degrees per line) were calculated by use of a personal computer. IB values on the ROIs were divided into 5 categories, compared with each of the plaque histologies: category 1 (thrombus), -88 < IB < or = -80; category 2 (intimal hyperplasia or lipid core), -73 < IB < or = -63; category 3 (fibrous tissue), -63 < IB < or = -55; category 4 (mixed lesions), -55 < IB < or = -30; and category 5 (calcification), -30 < IB < or = -23. On the basis of these categories, we analyzed 5120 ROIs per segment in each ring-like arterial specimen. Color-coded maps of plaques were constructed by use of these IB data and conventional IVUS data, which reflected the plaque histology of autopsied coronary arteries well. Then, the same method was undertaken in 24 segments with plaque from 12 patients in vivo with angina pectoris. Comparisons between coronary angioscopy and IB-IVUS revealed that the surface color of plaques in angioscopy reflected the thickness of the fibrous cap rather than the size of the lipid core. CONCLUSIONS: IB-IVUS represents a new and useful tool for evaluating the tissue structure of human coronary arterial plaques.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Composition of human thrombus assessed by quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Angioscopy surpasses other diagnostic tools, such as angiography and intravascular ultrasound, in detecting arterial thrombus. This capability arises in part from the unique ability of angioscopy to assess true color during imaging. In practice, hardware-induced chromatic distortions and the subjectivity of human color perception substantially limit the theoretic potential of angioscopic color. We used a novel application of tristimulus colorimetry to quantify thrombus color to both aid in its detection and assess its composition. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of human thrombus models were constructed in vitro. Spatial homogeneity was ensured by light and electron microscopy. Quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis demonstrated excellent measurement reproducibility (mean difference, 0.07% to 0.17%), unaffected by illuminating light intensity (coefficient of variation, 0.21% to 3.67%). Colorimetric parameters C1 and C2 were strongly correlated (r=.99, P<.0001) with thrombus erythrocyte concentration. Principal components analysis transformed these parameters into a single value, the thrombus erythrocyte index, with little (0.06%) loss of content. Measured and predicted concentrations were similar (mean difference, 0.16 erythrocytes per 1 ng). Randomly ordered images were also subjected to visual analysis by three experienced angioscopists, with suboptimal levels of both intraobserver (mean kappa=0.63) and interobserver (mean kappa=0.48) agreement. In addition, visual ranking resulted in a Kendall rank coefficient of 0.72 to 0.76 versus a perfect 1.00 from quantitative measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis provides a new, objective, and reproducible analytic tool for assessing angioscopic images of human thrombus. Even under ideal circumstances, experienced angioscopists do a poor job of assessing color (and therefore composition) of human thrombi. This technique can, for the first time, provide quantitative information of thrombus composition during routine diagnostic imaging.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed2002

Preoperative duplex-derived parameters and angioscopic evidence of valvular incompetence associated with superficial venous insufficiency.

PURPOSE: To determine if an association exists between duplex-derived parameters and intraoperative angioscopic findings of valvular incompetence. METHODS: Preoperative duplex scanning and intraoperative angioscopy were performed on 153 limbs in 116 patients (84 women; mean age 53 years, range 24-79) with superficial venous incompetence (SVI). The duplex parameters of vein diameter at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), reflux duration, and peak retrograde reflux velocity at the SFJ were analyzed among SVI patients categorized by intraoperative angioscopy as type I (valves with elongated and atrophic cusps), type II (valves with expanded and depressed commissures with cusp changes), type III (cusps with other deformities), or type IV (absent valves). RESULTS: There were 33 limbs with type I valves, 56 with type II, 25 with type III, and 39 with type IV. Among the 89 limbs with type I or II valves, 64 (71.9%) had a peak velocity <30 cm/s, while only a quarter of the limbs with type III or IV values had a velocity <30 cm/s. The majority of patients with types I or II valves had a vein diameter <0.9 cm (25 [75.8%] type I and 37 [66.1%] type II). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for identifying type I and II valve lesions were maximized at 90.0%, 66.7%, and 77.8%, respectively, when vein diameter <0.9 cm was combined with a peak reflux velocity >30 cm/s. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a combination of variables determined by preoperative duplex scans may correlate to the severity of valvular deformity determined by direct angioscopic inspection.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed2003

Disappearance of intima over the stent and ulcer formation after intracoronary radiation for in-stent restenosis.

Little is known about the alterations of the vascular surface after radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis in humans, even though animal experiments suggest that delayed healing of the neointima is a cause of late thrombosis. Coronary angioscopy, together with coronary angiography, was performed at 3 months follow-up of 7 patients with in-stent restenosis who underwent beta-radiation therapy. Minimal lesion diameter (MLD) of the lesion increased from 1.00+/-0.30 mm (immediately before) to 2.44+/-0.39 mm (immediately after) and the MLD was well maintained 3 months later (2.34+/-0.62 mm) without any cases of restenosis. In 5 patients, the intima was so thin that some stent struts could be seen through it on angioscopy and in 2 of those, the intima over the stent had disappeared and 1 patient showed ulceration of the vascular wall beneath the stent. After intracoronary radiation therapy, the intima can become so thin that some stent struts are exposed to the lumen, which may be related to the occurrence of late thrombosis. Accordingly, patients who are treated with intracoronary radiation therapy may need long-term antiplatelet therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Sustained attenuation of neointimal coverage over the stent following brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis: angioscopic findings.

BACKGROUND: The nature of the vessel lumen following vascular brachytherapy (VBT) has not been extensively explored in the clinical setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: By using angioscopy, 33 stents treated with percutaneous balloon angioplasty with or without VBT for in-stent restenosis after 8.9 +/- 2.1 months of the treatment were followed (VBT =14 lesions; control =19 lesions). Neointimal coverage, stent attachment, and the presence of red or white thrombi were factors that were assessed. The majority of the stents (74%) were fully covered with non-transparent neointima in the control group. In contrast, stent struts were clearly seen in 57% lesions with VBT. The absence of neointima with glittering stent struts were only seen in 29% of lesions in VBT (p = 0.03). Incomplete stent attachment was not detected in the controls, whereas 14% were in VBT (p = 0.17). Red thrombi were observed in 14% with VBT and in 16% in controls, which showed that there was a similar incidence regardless of the treatment. Neither exposure of stent struts (p = 0.5) nor incomplete stent attachment (p = 1.0) was related to thrombi. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure of stent struts and incomplete stent attachment were occasionally observed by angioscopy even 9 months after VBT for the treatment of in-stent restenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Angioscopic evaluation of an endoluminal aortic graft: the first clinical experience.

PURPOSE: Balloon aortoscopy has been described for viewing aortic endoluminal anatomy and guiding aortic stent placement in animals. We report the first clinical use of this technique to visually inspect the proximal portion of a 1-year-old endovascular aortic graft, its proximal fixation stent, and its relationship to the renal arteries. METHODS: The aortoscope is a modified fiber-optic endoscope that is fitted over the lens with a transparent, saline-filled balloon for blood displacement. Its performance was evaluated in a 62-year-old woman who had a Parodi-type Dacron/modified Palmaz stent endoluminal graft implanted to exclude an infrarenal aortic aneurysm in 1994. One year later, during an angioplasty procedure for symptomatic left subclavian and left common iliac artery stenoses, the 1-year-old endoluminal graft was inspected with the balloon-tipped angioscopic assembly. RESULTS: Introduced via the left brachial artery, the aortoscope provided a panoramic view of the endoluminal surface through the solution-filled balloon. The endoluminal aortic graft was clearly identified, as were both renal artery orifices proximal to the graft. The surface of the proximal stent was smooth and without exposed metal. No complications occurred with the angioscopy technique. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic angioscopy can be used to evaluate endoluminal aortic grafts and endoluminal anatomy. It provides clear, magnified views that may be useful for guiding precise placement and assessing the function and healing of endoluminal devices in the aorta.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed2005

[Exploration on the relationship between thrombosis and stability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in patients with unstable angina pectoris].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between thrombosis and stability of atherosclerotic plaque within criminal vessels in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) by coronary angioscopy, to explore the clinical pathological basis for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with UAP were enrolled, the patients with post-infarction angina pectoris and variant angina pectoris were excluded. There were 48 males and 20 females, aged from 40 to 73 (average 62.4 +/- 8.6) years. The criminal vessels of there patients were observed by coronary angioscopy during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy. RESULTS: There were 68 criminal vessels in 68 patients. Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all criminal vessels. Among criminal vessels, thrombi and intimae lesions were detected in 63 cases and 46 cases, respectively. Among 68 cases with atherosclerotic plaques, there were 48 cases of yellow plaques (70.5%), 18 cases of light yellow plaques (26.5%) and 2 cases of white plaques (2.94%). Sixty-three thrombi cases were mural and on-occlusive, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (17.5%) and 52 cases of white or pink thrombi (82.5%). All intimae lesions were accompanied by thrombosis, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (23.9%) and 35 cases of white or pink thrombi (76.1%). CONCLUSION: The study has shown that the rupture of unstable yellow plaque and its thrombosis were the pathological basis of UAP. Therefore, stabilizing yellow plaque before its rupture may play critical role in prevention and treatment of ACS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Angioscopic observation during carotid angioplasty with stent placement.

This clinical report is the first to describe angioscopy during carotid angioplasty with stent placement. The average observation time was 3 minutes 43 seconds in 18 cases. The view was clear in 67% of cases. Lesions in the endothelium, rupture of the fibrous cap, clots, debris detaching from plaque, and stent struts were observed. No symptomatic ischemic complications occurred. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging after angioscopy showed asymptomatic ischemic lesions in 47% of cases.

Aged↗