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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Clinical study on the antiseptic effect of povidone-iodine solution for the surgical field of digestive tract operations.

Our previous study showed 10% povidone-iodine solution (Isodine) to be safe and effective for skin antisepsis in healthy young adults. The present study was carried out in 45 adult and old-age patients undergoing surgery (average age 62 years). 10% povidone-iodine solution was effective for skin antisepsis; however, after completion of the intra-abdominal procedures, contaminations were found due to the type II and IV operations with unprotected incision sites and wound walls. Diabetes was found to be one of the most important factors in surgical site infection. In conclusion, the antiseptic efficacy immediately after application of 10% povidone-iodine solution was evidenced in surgical patients with class II wounds. The solution was also effective for the prevention of postoperative skin wound infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

New aspects of the tolerance of the antiseptic povidone-iodine in different ex vivo models.

Investigating new possibilities for the application of 1% (v/v) iodophors, povidone-iodine (PVP-I) was better tolerated in the HET-CAM or explant test than 1% (w/v) silver nitrate or tetracycline. After application to the eye, at least 2.6% of used iodine were adsorbed. Therefore PVP-I is more effective than silver nitrate or erythromycin, meaning a possible alternative for the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. PVP-I is more active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a human ex vivo skin model, which results in a complete eradication of S. aureus in the nasal cavity of volunteers after 2 daily applications and will be better tolerated by human nasal cilial epithelium than chlorhexidine. Having the same clinical tolerance as mupirocin, PVP-I is a useful alternative for the antiseptic therapy of germ carriers of MRSA. The synthesis of proteoglycans in articular cartilage of bovine sesamoid bones was increased after application of 5% (v/v) PVP-I without any increase in catabolism revealing possibilities for the use as irrigation solution in the joint.

Allantois↗
PubMed2002

Influence of mucin on the activity of the antiseptic Lavasept against Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: Lavasept, containing the polymeric biguanide polyhexanide, may be effective against Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the nasal mucosa. To obtain basic data on its suitability for that purpose, its antimicrobial activity was examined in the presence of mucin. METHODS: A disk diffusion test was applied using Mueller-Hinton agar, and disks soaked with a therapeutic and a 10-fold higher concentration of Lavasept. Commercially available mucin preparations from porcine stomach were added to the test system. Reference strains and 20 clinically isolates of S. aureus, and reference strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were tested. RESULTS: Supplementation of the test medium with 1% mucin completely abolished the activity of disks loaded with the therapeutically used concentration of the antiseptic. The neutralizing effect of mucin occurred with all test strains. CONCLUSIONS: The inactivation of Lavasept by mucin may hamper a reliable clearance of nasal S. aureus carriage.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2006

A survey of the appropriate use of antiseptic agents in the operating room of several key health care facilities. A comparison between surveys in 2000 and 2004.

Since 2000, new hand and environmental hygiene guidelines have been published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) based on scientific evidence. Accordingly, we expected that the use of disinfectants in clinical settings had been changed. To compare the use and amount of disinfectants before and after the publication of these guidelines, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey on the use of antiseptic agents in operating rooms (ORs) in 6 key hospitals over a period of a month in 2000 and 2004. As a result, the amount of disinfectants used in ORs was reduced in all hospitals in 2004. Especially, amphoteric detergents and glutaral products showed significant reductions in the total amount used in the 6 hospitals, by 94.8 and 96.8%, respectively. The use of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) was decreased by 23.4% overall, although it was increased in 3 hospitals by 11.0-58.6%. The number of applications of PVP-I on the surgical site did not change; however, the site was left to dry without wiping after PVP-I application more frequently in 2004 than in 2000. The time for surgical scrubbing was shortened in 2004, but brush scrubbing was still used as often as in 2000. Many of the hospitals used brush scrubbing in conjunction with alcohol-based rubs. These results indicated changes in infection control measures in hospital settings after publication of the new CDC guidelines; environmental disinfection had been limited and excessive use of disinfectants reevaluated.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1997

Tumoricidal activity of antiseptics with assessment of cell viability in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Previously, we have assessed the efficacy of different cytotoxic agents on the viability of SW620 human colonic carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study, we have investigated the tumoricidal efficacy of some antiseptic agents on SW620 human colonic carcinoma cells which were subsequently inoculated into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. An inoculum of 5 x 10(6) cells suspended in 200 microliters buffer solution was found to be the minimum number of cells needed to result in tumour growth within 8 weeks after subcutaneous injection into SCID mice. The integrity of the cells was assessed in vitro with the trypan blue exclusion test after 30 min incubation in distilled water (DW), chloramine 0.5% in DW and polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVP-I) 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 5% in DW. DW and PVP-I 0.01% were not tumoricidal, neither in vitro nor in vivo. In contrast, PVP-I 5% and chloramine 0.5% 'killed' all or almost all tumour cells in vitro and prevented their growth in vivo. PVP-I 0.05 and 0.1% were less effective in vitro than 5%, but could prevent in vivo proliferation unless an adjustment of the residual number of viable tumour cells was performed. These data indicate the importance of the amount of the tumour inoculum and hence the need to use a maximally effective 'killing' agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Antiseptic effects at injection sites.

To our knowledge, there are no published papers detailing antisepsis for injection sites. In view of this, the efficacies of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) ethanol solution and chlorhexidine (CH) ethanol, the agents most commonly used for antisepsis of the operative field, were compared. Before and after the injection site was disinfected with either of these antiseptics, specimens of indigenous bacteria on the skin were collected by the cylinder scrub method, and the bacteria reduction rate and the reduction factor (RF) were determined to evaluate the efficacy of antisepsis. The bacteria reduction rate and RF value obtained for PVP-I ethanol were 95.1 +/- 11.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.9% and those for CH ethanol were 93.5 +/- 9.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.9%. Since there were individual differences in cell count before antisepsis, no significant difference was seen in bactericidal activity. However, slightly more favorable results were obtained with PVP-I ethanol. Although it is impossible to eradicate completely the indigenous microbes with currently available methods, it is considered important for the prevention of infection of the injection site to decrease bacterial counts as much as possible.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1981

Retrograde urography with a new antiseptic contrast contrast material. An experimental study.

A new antiseptic contrast material, composed of sodium diatrizoate-meglumine diatrizoate and PVP-iodine solution, was prepared and tested for retrograde cystography. It was tested in vitro and in dogs, showed satisfactory radiological features and rapid wide bactericidal action without detectable side effects. Septic complications following radiological demonstration of the urinary tract may be reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The use of betadine antiseptic paint in the treatment of Herpes simplex and Herpes Zoster.

Twenty-two patients with Herpes Simplex were treated with Betadine (povidone iodine) Antiseptic paint and seven with 5% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulphoxide, also one patient with bilateral lesions was treated with the two solutions, one on each side. The povidone iodine alcohol solution appeared to be at least as effective as the idoxuridine with minimal side-effects (some stinging in two patients). Good results were also obtained with this solution in twelve patients with Herpes Zoster.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Infection in central lines: antiseptic-impregnated vs standard non-impregnated catheters.

We report a survey of 196 consecutive central venous catheters (CVCs) placed in 151 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over a ten-month period. Over this time the use of a new antiseptic-impregnated triple lumen CVC (Arrowgard Blue, Arrow International Inc., Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) was alternated on a bimonthly basis with the standard triple-lumen CVC (Arrow International Inc., Pennsylvania, U.S.A.). The overall rate of CVC tip infection was lower in the impregnated CVC group (15.6% vs 30.9%, P < 0.05). The impregnated CVC group had a much lower cumulative infection rate when the dwell time in patients was five days or less (3.3% vs 26.9%, P < 0.05). However, the difference between the cumulative infection rate was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) for dwell times of 6, 7 or 8 days respectively. There was no difference in the CVC related bacteraemia rates between the two groups (3.9% vs 3.7%, P > 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

In vitro antimicrobial activity of a new antiseptic central venous catheter.

A central venous catheter coated with a new antiseptic combination, silver chloride (AgCl) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC) in a polymer matrix, was developed. The antimicrobial efficacy and the ability to prevent surface colonization, after elution in both serum and saline, were evaluated and compared to catheters coated with silver sulfadiazine/chlorhexidine. The results of in vitro assays demonstrated that the AgCl-BKC coated catheters had a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and C. albicans and prolonged antimicrobial activity for extraction periods of up to 30 days. These data suggest that AgCl-BKC coated catheters may provide another solution for reduction of catheter-related infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

An evaluation of preoperative skin antiseptics.

An underpinning tenet of evidence-based practice is that all routine practices should be open to scrutiny. Questioning practice should not be limited to new, experimental procedures, but should also include examination of 'tried and trusted' techniques. Taking this perspective, the author recently contributed to a systematic review evaluating the use of antiseptics preoperatively.

2-Propanol↗
PubMed1998

Technical-regulatory aspects of antiseptics and disinfectants in Italy.

The authors analyze Italian laws, in light of changes introduced with Legislative Act n. 178/91, which regulate products with antiseptic and disinfectant action. A new reclassification of medicinal, cosmetic and health products is considered and proposed. Particular attention is given to marketing criteria adopted by various producers with regard to the form of product presentation.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of genotoxicity of dental antiseptics: ability of phenol, guaiacol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, p-chlorophenol, m-cresol or formaldehyde to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells.

To assess the genotoxicity of seven dental antiseptics, the ability of these agents to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Treatment of SHE cells with phenol or formaldehyde induced UDS in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by direct scintillation counting of [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA during repair synthesis. Guaiacol or m-cresol induced UDS only in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. p-Phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite and p-chlorophenol failed to induce UDS in the presence or absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Our results suggest that phenol, guaiacol, m-cresol and formaldehyde are genotoxic to mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of antiseptics, ultraviolet light and lavage on airborne bacteria in a model wound.

We modelled a 'clean' surgical wound lightly contaminated with airborne bacteria, using agar, ovine muscle and ovine adipose tissue. This was used to assess the effect on bacteria of ultraviolet C light (UVC) 1200 mu W/cm2, hydrogen peroxide 3%, povidone-iodine 1% and 10%, chlorhexidine 0.05%, pulsed jet lavage with UVC and syringe and needle lavage with chlorhexidine 0.05%. All the agents were effective on agar, but mixing with blood or plasma neutralised hydrogen peroxide and povidone-iodine 1%. All the agents were less effective on tissue specimens than on agar, but were more effective on adipose tissue than on muscle. All the antiseptics except chlorhexidine were less effective when blood or plasma was added to muscle specimens before disinfection. UVC after pulsed jet lavage had an additive effect. Syringe and needle lavage with chlorhexidine 0.05% was the most effective method tested; it reduced colony counts by 99.8% and warrants clinical investigation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Assessing pre-procedural subgingival irrigation and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthrinse to reduce bacteremia.

In this controlled clinical study, the authors examined the effect of subgingival irrigation and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthrinse before ultrasonic scaling of a quadrant containing inflamed gingivae. The results showed that pre-procedural subgingival irrigation and rinsing can significantly reduce the level of bacteremia associated with ultrasonic scaling. These results support the American Heart Association's recommendation of adjunctive subgingival irrigation prior to invasive procedures in patients at risk of developing bacterial endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

In vitro antiplaque effects of antiseptic phenols.

Several phenols known to be antiseptics were tested in vitro for their ability to adsorb to saliva-coated enamel and subsequently inhibit plaque formation. 3,5,4'-tribromosalicylanilide was found to be effective against growth and plaque formation of A viscosus, A naeslundii, S mutans and S sanguis. Dibromsalicil was effective against A viscosus. The other phenols (hexylresorcinol, thymol, phenylphenol and zinc phenolsulfonate) did not inhibit in vitro growth or plaque formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Antiseptics and disinfectants. Current issues.

The authors address current issues regarding use of antiseptics and disinfectants with particular emphasis on the problems associated with claims made by manufacturers of various chemical agents. Other issues include the efficacy and limitations of commercial products, selecting the most appropriate formulation for proper disinfection, especially with instruments that come in contact with the patient, and preventing or minimizing iatrogenic infections in clinical practices. The authors stress that low-level and some intermediate-level disinfectants are unreliable because of their narrow safety margin and that chemical agents with a high level of activity should be used by all practitioners because of multi-drug resistant microorganisms and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗