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PubMed2002

[Serum albumin levels and prognosis after commencing chronic dialysis in diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure].

We investigated 1) the association between serum albumin levels(Alb) at the initiation of dialysis and survival after a mean follow-up period of 30.1 +/- 23.1 months following the commencement of chronic dialysis, and 2) the factors associated with hypoalbuminemia at the initiation of dialysis in diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure(ESRF). A hundred and thirty diabetic patients who were initiated on chronic dialysis in our department between January 1992 and November 2000 were studied. Alb and some variables were collected at 12, 6, 3, and 1 month before the initiation of dialysis(-12, -6, -3, -1 M), at the initiation of dialysis(0 M), and 1, 6, and 12 months after commencing chronic dialysis(1, 6, 12 M). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia(less than 3 g/d/) at 0 M was significantly associated with an increase in urinary protein excretion per 1 g/day during -12 M and -1 M and total blindness due to diabetic retinopathy(Odds ratio 1.41, 8.83, p = 0.01, 0.03). Cox's proportional-hazard model demonstrated that a decrease in Alb per 1 g/dl at 0 M was significantly associated with survival(Hazard ratio 3.69, p = 0.03, adjusted age, sex, mode of dialysis, and urinary protein excretion during -12 M and -1 M). In addition, a decrease in Alb between -1 M and 0 M was significantly associated with elevated C-reactive protein at 0 M and a decrease in hematocrit between -1 M and 0 M. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia at the initiation of dialysis, from any cause other than proteinuria, was associated with a poor prognosis after commencing chronic dialysis in diabetic ESRF patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma in pneumonia].

Neutrophilic granulocytes in the lower respiratory tract are of decisive importance for the elimination of pathogenic germs in bacterial pneumonia. On the other hand, the liberation of phagocyte products (e.g. elastase) can result in tissue damage in the parenchyma of the lungs. For this reason, we determined in patients suffering from acute pneumonia (n = 21), in patients with acute pneumonia associated with immunosuppression (n = 12), in patients who had overcome their pneumonia (n = 9) and in controls (n = 17) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and in plasma, the concentration of the locally produced granulocyte products myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (LF) and elastase-alpha 1 proteinase complex (ELA) as well as of the alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 Pi) and alpha 2 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 2 Pi) via chemoluminescence immunoassay, and compared the same with the differential cell count in the BALF. The protein concentrations were referred to the albumin concentration (Alb) for standardisation. This concentration did not differ significantly between the various patients and control groups. The BALF concentration of ELA in the group with pneumonia (median: 86.3 micrograms/l or 8.5 micrograms/mg Alb) was about eight times higher than in the group of patients suffering from pneumonia with immunosuppression (median: 16 micrograms/l or 1.0 micrograms/l Alb, p less than 0.001) or in whom the pneumonia was no longer present (17.6 micrograms/l or 0.5 micrograms/mg), and approximately 40 times higher than in the control group (3 micrograms/l or 0.2 micrograms/mg, respectively). Similar results were obtained for LF (61 micrograms/mg Alb vs. 11.3; 16.8 and 5.9 micrograms/mg; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effective usage of nutrition assessment proteins in patients with diabetic nephropathy].

We investigated the relationship between the levels of serum albumin (ALB), serum transthyretin (TTR) or retinol binding protein (RBP) and those of serum cystatin C or clinical gradings in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Serum samples were obtained from 85 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy in our hospital. The levels of serum ALB, TTR, RBP and cystatin C were measured by the Dade Behring assay system using the automated Dade Behring Nephelometer II (BN II). The grades of diabetic nephropathy were classified into five groups according to Report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. The serum levels of RBP showed a significant correlation between the serum levels of cystatin C and the grades of diabetic nephropathy. However, the serum levels of TTR were not significantly correlated with those of serum cystatin C or the grades of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, the serum levels of TTR were not influenced by renal function although those of RBP and ALB were influenced by renal function. In spite of clinical usefulness in the nutritional assessment of healthy controls and hemodialysis patients, RBP and ALB are not suitable nutrition marker in patients with chronic renal failure. However, TTR is suitable marker in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Hyperhomocysteinemia in relation to plasma free amino acids, biomarkers of inflammation and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease starting dialysis therapy.

BACKGROUND: Plasma levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) and free amino acids (AAs) are influenced by nutritional status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas the role of chronic inflammation is not clear. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, fasting levels of plasma tHcy, total cysteine (tCys), AA, serum albumin (Alb), and several inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), were analyzed in a cohort of 250 patients with CKD starting renal replacement therapy. Patients were followed up during a 4-year period to assess overall mortality in relation to basal tHcy level. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients (37%) with signs of inflammation (CRP > or = 1 mg/dL) had significantly lower levels of tHcy, tCys, and serum Alb than 157 noninflamed patients. tHcy and tCys levels correlated positively with serum Alb levels and negatively with CRP levels (rho = -0.24; P < 0.0001; rho = -0.15; P < 0.05, respectively) and other inflammation markers. tHcy and tCys correlated significantly with levels of several AAs. The presence of both inflammation and malnutrition was associated with lower tHcy levels than when malnutrition was present without inflammation. Multivariate analysis showed that serum Alb, CRP, plasma folate, and vitamin B12 levels were independently associated with tHcy levels after adjustment for other variables. tHcy, but not tCys, level was significantly greater in survivors than nonsurvivors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that greater tHcy level was associated with better survival. CONCLUSION: Plasma tHcy and tCys levels are interrelated to plasma AA levels and were lower in patients with inflammation. Thus, inflammation may contribute to the reverse association between tHcy level and mortality in patients with CKD starting renal replacement therapy.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical research on the effect of Oxymatrine on serum cholinesterase].

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of Oxymatrine (OM) on serum cholinesterase (ChE) during the treatment of viral hepatitis and the relationship between the change of ChE and the change of albumin (ALB), prothrombin activity (PTA) and other liver function tests. METHODS: A total of 98 patients with viral hepatitis were divided into four groups. Group A consisted of 31 patients and were treated with OM intravenous infusion; Group B consisted of 30 patients, treated with OM orally; Group C consisted of 7 patients and were treated with OM intramuscular injection while Group D consisted of 30 patients, and were not treated with OM. ChE, ALB, PTA, liver function, renal function, soluble complement receptor-1 (sCR1) and erythrocyte innate immune adhesion function (EIIAF) were regularly determined. RESULTS: ChE in Group A,B,C was dropped obviously during the treatment (P less than 0.001, less than 0.001, 0.023=. But there were no change in ALB, PTA, sCR1, EIIAF (P greater than 0.05), and remarkable improvement of ALT, AST, TBiL was seen during the treatment in Groups A, B, C. After the treatment with OM, the level of ChE recovered soon. CONCLUSION: Serum level of ChE significantly declined during the treatment of viral hepatitis with OM, but no change was found in ALB, PTA, sCR1, EIIAF while liver function tests showed better results. So the drop of ChE does not mean deprivation of patient's liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma insulin-like growth factor I in severely handicapped children: usefulness of insulin-like growth factor I in nutritional assessment and dynamics of growth hormone secretion].

Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was measured in 23 severely handicapped children and compared with that in age-matched controls. Our 23 patients were poorly nourished and remarkably retarded in growth. Serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), retinol binding protein and prealbumin in patients were lower than in controls. IGF-I levels in our patients (0.94 +/- 0.72 U/ml) were very low in comparison with those in controls (1.82 +/- 0.72) (p less than 0.01). But urine growth hormones were elevated in most our patients (61.4 +/- 51.7 pg/mg.Cr) (p less than 0.005). When we divided 23 patients into two groups, the low and normal IGF-I group, the low IGF-I group was shorter than the normal IGF-I group. TP and Alb levels were also low. Then we gave 10 patients supplementary protein (0.2-0.7 g/kg/day) for 10-20 days. TP and Alb levels rose in eight of ten patients; TP (g/dl) from 6.5 +/- 0.3 to 7.2 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.005) and Alb (g/dl) from 4.0 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.01). IGF-I levels (U/ml) rose in nine of ten; from 0.42 +/- 0.33 to 0.68 +/- 0.53 (p less than 0.005). We conclude that IGF-I is a sensitive marker of malnutrition and the nutritional therapy. And high levels of urine growth hormone suggest a normal growth hormone secretion in pituitary glands in most of our severely handicapped children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The importance of a diet survey in the early detection of malnutrition in the elderly].

BACKGROUND: The elevated incidence of malnutrition in the elderly and its close relation with the prevalence and evolution of determined diseases raises the need for early identification. Despite the existence of numerous indicators, specificity, sensitivity or occasionally both are lacking. METHODS: One hundred fifteen institutionalized elderly of which 19 females and 12 males had signs of malnutrition were studied. A dietetic survey was carried out on all of those studied by means of a 24 hour recollection-interview, during which triceps fold (TF) and muscular area of the arm (MAA) were measured and serum concentrations of prealbumin (PA) protein bound to retinol (PBR), albumin (ALB), trasferrin (TNF) and complement factor 3 (C3) were determined. RESULTS: Not only caloric but also proteic intake were significantly lower in the undernourished (p less than 0.001) as with ALB (p less than 0.001), TNF (p less than 0.001) and C3 (p less than 0.02 in males and p less than 0.05 in females). However, the sensitivity demonstrated by the dietetic survey (77% in males and 73% in females) was higher to that presented by ALB (44% in males and 53% in females), TNF (33% in males and 53% in females) and C3 (0 in both sexes). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained demonstrate that the dietetic survey is a valid method for detecting not only the risk but also the subclinical presence of malnutrition, in contrast to ALB, TNF and C3 which, to that end, were of less use.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Comparative assessment of the in vitro sensitivity of Brugia malayi infective larvae to albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin alone and in combination.

The antifilaricidal drugs ivermectin (IVM), diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and albendazole (ALB), used alone or in combinations against infective third-stage larvae (L3) of nocturnally subperiodic (NSP) Brugia malayi (Narathiwat strain), were tested in vitro for sensitivity, for 7 days. IVM alone reduced larval motility at concentrations of 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M on day 3. DEC alone also had this effect at concentrations of 10(-6). 10(-5), and 10(-4) M on day 2. ALB alone did not have this effect throughout the experiment, at various concentrations. However, it had greater effect when used in combination with either DEC or IVM. The result also indicated that DEC or IVM, when used in combination with ALB at concentrations of 10(-6) M/10(-6) M, and 10(-5) M/10(-5) M was effectively better than each drug used alone at those concentrations. When both drug combinations were compared, ALB/DEC seemed to be more effective than ALB/IVM at a concentration of 10(-6) M/10(-6) M on day 3. Although IVM and DEC can reduce larval motility when used alone or in combination with ALB, they cannot kill these larvae in an in vitro cultivation, even at a high concentration (10(-5) M).

Albendazole↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of amino acid solution and recombinant human growth hormone on growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-1 axis in rats with liver cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of amino acid solution and recombinant human growth hormone on growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis after partial hepatectomy in rats with liver cirrhosis. METHODS: Six normal rats severed as normal group, while 30 rats with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into preoperation group, 1 day postoperative group, 8.5% Novamin PN for 5 days postoperative group, 10% Hepa PN for 5 days postoperative group and rhGH + 10% Hepa PN for 5 days postoperative group. Liver function, blood glucose and serum GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 were determined. ALB mRNA, IGF-1 mRNA and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR. Liver Ki67 immunohistochemistry staining was studied. RESULTS: Compared with the 8.5% Novamine PN group, serum ALT [(103 +/- 23) IU/L vs (154 +/- 45) IU/L], ALP [(571 +/- 92) IU/L vs (972 +/- 252) IU/L], GH [(1.55 +/- 0.12) ng/ml vs (1.81 +/- 0.11) ng/ml] level were lower (P < 0.05), serum IGF-1 [(966 +/- 55) ng/ml vs (813 +/- 43) ng/ml] and IGFBP-3 [(8.1 +/- 0.3) ng/ml vs (6.9 +/- 0.2) ng/ml] level and the expression of hepatic ALB mRNA (1.24 +/- 0.06 vs 1.02 +/- 0.09), IGF-1 mRNA (0.85 +/- 0.00 vs 0.60 +/- 0.03), IGFBP-3 mRNA (0.69 +/- 0.02 vs 0.58 +/- 0.09) were higher in the 10% Hepa PN group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in liver Ki67 labeling index [(4.8 +/- 0.3)% vs (4.4 +/- 0.4%)] (P > 0.05). Compared with the 10% Hepa PN group, serum ALP [(434 +/- 41) IU/L vs (571 +/- 92) IU/L] was much lower (P < 0.05), serum ALB [(37.0 +/- 1.8) g/L vs (32.8 +/- 1.2) g/L], blood glucose [(7.6 +/- 1.3) mmol/L vs (4.9 +/- 0.7) mmol/L], GH [(3.00 +/- 0.61) ng/ml vs (1.55 +/- 0.12) ng/ml], IGF-1 [(1100 +/- 32) ng/ml vs (966 +/- 55) ng/ml], IGFBP-3 [(9.3 +/- 0.2) ng/ml vs (8.1 +/- 0.3) ng/ml] level, the expression of hepatic ALB mRNA (1.35 +/- 0.04 vs 1.24 +/- 0.06), IGF-1 mRNA (0.97 +/- 0.00 vs 0.85 +/- 0.00) and liver Ki67 labeling index [(5.4 +/- 0.3)% vs (4.8 +/- 0.3%)] were higher (P < 0.05) in the rhGH + 10% Hepa PN group. CONCLUSIONS: Amino acid solution and recombinant human growth hormone can influence the GH/IGF-1 axis in rats with liver cirrhosis. It may be helpful in selecting and evaluating nutrient by measuring the serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 level.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal study on the body mass index (BMI) of dialysis patients].

Chronic renal failure is commonly related to hyponutrition, affecting approximately on third of patients with advanced renal failure. We carried out a longitudinal study to assess nutritional evolution of 73 patients on a regular hemodialysis program, assessing changes in the anthropometrical parameter body mass index (BMI) and its correspondence to biochemical nutritional parameters such as total protein (TP) levels and serum albumin (Alb). Every three months plasma TP and albumin levels were collected and BMI was calculated by the standard formula: post-dialysis weight in kg/height in m2. For classifying by BMI categories, overweight and low weight were defined according to the WHO Expert Committee. Studied patients had a mean age of 53 years, 43 were male and 30 were female patients. BMI in women was lower than that in men (p < 0.001), as well as TP (p < 0.001) and Alb (p < 0.001) levels. Mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2. Three point two percent of the determinations showed low weight, 12.16% overweight, and 83.97% normal BMI. TP were normal in 90.76% and decreased in 9.24%. Alb was normal in 82.2% and low in 17.78%. After the follow-up time (21.6 months, minimum 18 months, maximum 53 months), the Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a statistically significant change for BMI but it did show a change for the biochemical parameters albumin and total proteins (p < 0.05): nutritional impairment in CRF patients is manifested on biochemical parameters (TP and Alb) with no reflection on anthropometrical data.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of birth asphyxia or intrauterine distress on renal functions in newborns in the first week of life].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the renal function in newborns with birth asphyxia or intrauterine distress in the first week of life. METHODS: Sixty full-term newborns born between June 2002 and February 2003 were assigned into three groups: Control group (healthy newborns), Intrauterine distress group (Apgar score > 7), and Birth asphyxia group without intrauterine distress (12 mild asphyxia and 8 severe asphyxia) (n=20 each). Urinary levels of alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG), beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and albumin (Alb) were detected by radioimmunoassay at 0-2, 3-4 and 6-7 days after birth. RESULTS: The urinary levels of alpha1-MG, beta2-MG and Alb in the Asphyxia group were significantly higher than those in the Control group at all time points (P < 0.05), peaking at 3-4 days after birth. Statistically significant differences were found between the severely and mildly asphyxiated newborns for the urinary levels of alpha1-MG, beta2-MG and Alb at all time points (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the urinary levels of alpha1-MG, beta2-MG and Alb between the Intrauterine distress and the Control groups at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Birth asphyxia may lead to renal glomerular and tubular impairments and it is speculated that the most serious impairment occurs at the 3rd and 4th days of life. The severity of renal impairments is associated with the degree of asphyxia. The renal function of the newborn appears to be normal following intrauterine distress.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed2006

[Initial research for effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on differentiation of human umbilical cord blood derived CD34+ cells into hepatic related cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into hepatic related cells and probe into the possibility that VIP affects HSC transdifferentiation. METHODS: Mini MACS assay was used to purify human CD34+ cells from mononuclear cell (MNC), the purity of the CD34+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Alpha fetal proteins(AFP) in cultured CD34+ cells and their supernatant were measured with ELISA assay. Liver tissue markers on CD34+ cells, AFP, albumin (ALB) and CK-19, were measured by immunohistochemistry. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ALB on CD34+ cells. Nest RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of AFP mRNA and ALB mRNA on CD34+ cells, the product of ALB was chosen to measure the sequence. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that human CD34+ cell contained AFP and albumin but no CK-19 protein. When human CD34+ cells were cultured with VIP for 14 days, the concentration of AFP within CD34+ cells was decreased from (270.00 +/- 11.37) pg/mL to (165.00 +/- 8.51) pg/mL (P < 0.05). Western blot revealed that albumin in CD34+ cells treated with VIP faded, compared to that of control. Both human cord blood MNC and CD34+ cells expressed AFP mRNA and albumin mRNA; the sequence of the product of nest RT-PCR for albumin matched completely with the sequence of albumin in GenBank. CONCLUSION: Human cord blood CD34+ cells have been note to express hepatocyte related markers such as AFP and albumin, although there is no evidence of CK-19 expression. These findings suggests the possibility that human HSC could be transdifferentiated into hepatocyte. The expressions of AFP and albumin on human CD34+ cells depressed by VIP indicate that VIP might inhibit the transdifferentiation of HSC.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

[Uptake and release of mebendazole, albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide by secondary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro].

Mebendazole (Meb), albendazole (Alb) or albendazole sulfoxide (AlbSO) were taken rapidly in vitro by secondary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus removed out from mice infected with protoscoleces 8-9 months previously. The amounts of the drugs taken by the cysts were apparently increased followed by exposure of the cysts to the drugs at 10 micrograms.ml-1. The Alb penetrated into the cysts was distributed mainly in cyst wall, whereas the content of Meb in cyst wall was twice as much as that in cyst fluid. The distributions of AlbSO in cyst wall and cyst fluid were similar. When the cysts in the medium were exposed to Alb, some AlbSO and albendazole sulphone were detected in both cyst wall and cyst fluid, indicating that a part of Alb was metabolized by the cysts. In another experiment cysts exposed to the drug for 2 h were transferred to the medium without the drug for another 24 h. The release rates of the 3 drugs from the cysts were alike. In 1-2 h after transfer about 65-70% of the drugs absorbed by the cysts previously were released. Twenty-four hours after exposure the release rates increased to 75-85%, and the release of the drugs from the cyst wall was somewhat faster than that from cyst fluid.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1991

[The mechanisms of exercise-induced proteinuria--relationship between urinary excretion of proteins and lactate after exhaustive exercise].

Exercise-induced proteinuria is of the mixed glomerular-tubular type and has been thought to be due to increased glomerular permeability to macromolecular proteins in response to activation of the renin-angiotensin system and catecholamines and a reduction in renal hemodynamics. The excretion of the tubular type of proteins, however, can't be explained by the above mechanism. Two groups, consisting of subjects with the highest (H-alb, n = 20) and the lowest (L-alb, n = 20) excretion of albumin 30 min after exhaustive exercise were selected from a total of 69 normal male participants. No differences in VO2max, maxHR, changes in plasma angiotensin II, catecholamines, urine volume, or Ccr following exercise were observed between the two groups. The increase in blood lactate concentration immediately after exercise, increases in urinary excretion of lactate, pyruvate, alpha 1 M, beta 2 M, albumin and decrease in Cl- excretion 30 min after exercise in the H-alb group were significantly greater than in the L-alb group. The greater the urinary excretion of lactate and pyruvate, the greater the excretion of albumin, alpha 1M and beta 2M, and the less the urinary excretion of Cl-. The coefficient of correlation between the urinary excretion of lactate and beta 2M was 0.757, and between urinary excretion of albumin and beta 2M, 0.756 (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that exercise-induced organic acids and/or decrease in renal circulatory pH caused by organic acids may alter renal glomerular permeability and inhibit renal tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins (alpha 1M, beta 2M). The permeability of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) to macromolecular proteins may be altered by a reduction in the charge barrier of the GBM, which may be caused by the over-production of organic acids and a lower pH.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical significance of determination of urinary albumin, beta 2 microglobulin and Tamm-Horsfall protein in diabetics].

Twenty-four hour urinary albumin (Alb) beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 69 diabetics and 23 normal controls. The excretion of urinary Alb, beta 2m and THP in the patients with diabetic nephropathy was found to be different from that of normal controls. The abnormality of excretion of Alb, beta 2m and THP is particularly evident in the patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy. These results indicate that the renal lesions of diabetes mellitus exist not only in the glomeruli but also in the proximal and/or distal tubules. There was a significantly positive correlation between THP excretion and creatinine clearance (less than 127 ml/min/1.73m2). The findings suggest that the excretion of urinary THP is a valuable index for evaluating the damages of nephrons. It is believed that determination of urinary Alb, beta 2m and THP in diabetics is beneficial to early detection of the sites and degree of the renal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics and significance of albumin-positive hepatocytes in analbuminemic rats.

Analbuminemic rats (NAR) are a mutant strain in which splicing of the albumin mRNA is blocked due to a seven-base-pair deletion in an intron of the albumin gene. NAR liver contains a few hepatocytes that react with anti-rat albumin antibody (Alb+ hepatocytes), and these cells increase in number during aging and on treatment with hepatocarcinogens. To characterize these Alb+ hepatocytes, we examine their albumin mRNA, the biochemical specificity of their albumin, and its intracellular distribution. Signals of albumin mRNA were observed in a few hepatocytes by in situ hybridization. Moreover, a small amount of cytoplasmic albumin mRNA was detected by RNA blot analysis in the liver of aged NAR and NAR treated with 3'-methyl-4-diaminoazobenzene (DAB). Immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed the cisternae of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula, Golgi complexes, and secretory vesicles of the Alb+ hepatocyte of NAR being filled with material that reacted with anti-rat albumin antibody. These facts suggested that albumin was gradually synthesized in Alb+ hepatocytes but that its secretion was disturbed. The albumin-like proteins of NAR were shown by Western blot analysis to consist of three species of 68 kDa, 50 kDa, and 25 kDa proteins. The 50 kDa albumin was thought to be formed by exon-skipping splicing of the albumin mRNA precursor, which was recently reported by Shalaby and Shafritz (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2652-2656 (1990)). The 25 kDa protein was suspected to be formed by fragmentation of the 50 kDa protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of mebendazole, albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide on glycogen contents of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in infected mice].

Mice infected with protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus for 8-9 months were treated ig with mebendazole (Meb) 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, albendazole (Alb) 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 or albendazole sulfoxide (AlbSO) 150 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 1-7 d. The glycogen contents of cyst wall in each drug groups were 1.0 +/- 0.6 - 1.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g, 1.1 +/- 0.9 - 1.8 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 0.8 +/- 0.5 - 1.5 +/- 0.9 mg/g, respectively, which were less than those 2.2 +/- 1.3 - 2.8 +/- 1.3 mg/g of corresponding control groups with respective glycogen reduction rates of 38-55%, 36-51% and 46-62%. After prolongation of treatment course to 10-14 d, the glycogen contents of cyst wall in Meb and AlbSO groups were further decreased, which resulted in glycogen reduction rates of 73% and 69%, respectively. No further decrease of glycogen contents in Alb groups was seen as the glycogen reduction rates sustained in 32%. Histochemical observation showed that the glycogen contents in germinal layer of the cysts decreased significantly or even disappeared during the treatment of Meb, Alb or AlbSO. The results suggested that the effects of Meb and AlbSO on mice infected with secondary cysts of E granulosus were superior to Alb as evaluated by glycogen reduction rate of cyst wall.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1990

A random double-blind trial of the combination of nebulized atropine methylnitrate and albuterol in nocturnal asthma.

The combination of nebulized atropine methylnitrate (AMN) and a beta-agonist has been shown to produce greater and longer lasting bronchodilation than either drug alone. We examined the efficacy of the combination in diminishing the "morning dipping" in PEFR in eight hospitalized but stable asthmatics. The patients received nebulized albuterol along with either AMN (AMN + ALB) or placebo (ALB) in a random double-blind cross-over fashion at 10 PM on four nights. PEFR and FEV1 were recorded at 6 PM, 10 PM, and 6 AM before the administration of bronchodilators. There was no statistically significant difference between ALB and AMN + ALB in reducing the morning dipping in these patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗