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PubMed2005

[Evaluation of residual urine volume by ultrasound for detection of urinary bladder dysfunction after surgical therapy of rectal cancer].

INTRODUCTION: Despite total mesorectal excision and protection of the pelvic autonomous nerve system, dysfunctions of the urinary bladder are often observed after surgical therapy for rectal cancer. In this prospective study, the frequency of urinary bladder malfunctions was assessed by measuring residual urine volume using transcutaneous ultrasound before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with rectal cancer were analyzed for urine volume retained before and after surgical therapy. The tumors were localized in the lower third of the rectum for 31 patients, in the middle for 30, and in the upper third for 14. RESULTS: An increase in retained urine of more than 100 ml was found in 12 patients (15%), and neurogenic bladder was diagnosed in two (3%). In female patients, urinary bladder malfunctions were significantly less frequent and severe. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous assessment of urine volume retained in the bladder is suited for determining urinary bladder malfunctions after surgery. This method can serve to assess the quality of surgical treatment for rectal cancer. A standardized definition of relevant urinary bladder malfunctions is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of quercetin on tachykinin-induced plasma extravasation in rat urinary bladder.

The effect of quercetin on substance P-induced plasma extravasation in rat urinary bladder and its modulation by endogenous peptidases in conscious rats was studied. Plasma protein extravasation (PE) was assayed by measurement of extravasated Evans blue dye (microg/g dry tissue). Intravenous injection of substance P (SP, 10 nmol/kg) significantly increased PE in the urinary bladder. PE evoked by SP was increased significantly by quercetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatment in the urinary bladder (73.5 +/- 4.9 to 152.2 +/- 9.9). Pretreatment with captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (10 nmol/kg, i.v.), or with phosphoramidon, a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor (2.5 micromol/kg, i.v.) also potentiated the SP-induced PE in urinary bladder, 286.2 +/- 20.4 and 323.3 +/- 34.0, respectively. Quercetin did not show any effect on neurokinin-A (NKA, 10 nmol/kg, i.v.) -induced plasma extravasation. The present study demonstrates that quercetin potentiates the PE induced by substance P in the urinary bladder. These effects suggest that this flavonoid might cause inhibition of NEP and/or ACE.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prostaglandin-dependent osmotic water permeability of the frog and trout urinary bladder.

Washout of autacoids from serosal Ringer solution, using a repeated change of the solution of the frog and trout urinary bladder, was accompanied by a pronounced rise in the osmotic water permeability: the water transport in the frog rose from 0.05 +/- 0.02 to 1.21 +/- 0.26 microliter min-1.cm-2, in the trout, from 0.041 +/- 0.011 to 0.26 +/- 0.034 microliter min-1.cm-2. Such an increase in the osmotic water permeability in the trout and frog urinary bladder occurred in the background of a decrease in the prostaglandin E2 concentration in the serosal Ringer solution. This permeability increase was accompanied by the formation of aggregates of intramembranous particles in the apical plasma membrane of the trout and frog urinary bladder. A decrease in the osmotic water permeability was achieved by the addition to the serosal Ringer solution of 10-8 M prostaglandin. Experiments on the frog urinary bladder have shown that prostaglandins E1, I2 and F2 alpha also decrease the osmotic water permeability. Vasotocin increased the osmotic water permeability in the frog urinary bladder but did not affect the osmotic water permeability of the trout urinary bladder. The data obtained indicates a role of the endogenous prostaglandin production in maintaining the low osmotic water permeability in the frog and trout urinary bladder. A suggestion is made that in the vertebrate evolution, colonisation of the fresh-water was connected with the maintenance of the low osmotic water permeability via participation of prostaglandins, whereas the vasotocin hydroosmotic effect developed in the vertebrate evolution later and provided for the possibility of the water absorption, osmotic homeostasis and animal migration from fresh-water to the land.

Alprostadil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of urinary bladder neoplasms.

The diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T for assessment and staging of urinary bladder tumors was investigated in 10 patients with malignant urinary bladder tumors. All patients underwent complete pathologic staging. The appearance of the urinary bladder tumors and the ability to stage them by means of MR imaging was evaluated morphologically and compared with results obtained with pathologic examination. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted tumor localization in all patients. In nine patients the tumor stage was accurately determined by MR imaging. The smallest tumor detected by MR imaging was 1.5 cm. Both transverse and sagittal imaging planes were found to be essential for accurate assessment of tumor extension. Signal intensity data obtained from both dual and multi spin echo sequences showed that tumor display and depth of infiltration was best seen with a repetition time (TR) of 2,000 ms and an echo time (TE) of 90 ms. Accurate evaluation of perivesical tumor infiltration required a sequence with a TR 800 ms and a TE 30 ms. Data presented here further support the role of MR in staging urinary bladder neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of two cases with a primary urinary cytodiagnosis.

Two undifferentiated small-cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The patients, 68- and 55-yr-old men, respectively, presented with painless hematuria. In the first case, numerous small, lymphocyte-like cells with coarse chromatin, sometimes with small nucleoli, and high nuclear/cytoplasmatic ratios were found in cytologic urine specimens. A cytodiagnosis of undifferentiated small-cell cancer was made. In the second case, urine samples showed rare aggregates of small, undifferentiated cells in association with malignant urothelial cells. The cytodiagnosis of mixed tumor composed of undifferentiated small cell and transitional carcinoma was confirmed by histologic examination. The presence of focal reactivity with anti-chromogranin antibody and neurosecretory granules via electron microscopy supports a neuroendocrine differentiation for the small neoplastic cells. The patients died 13 and 8 mo after diagnosis, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder diagnosed using 3D-CT cystoscopy].

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder is a rare benign entity of the submucosal stroma that can easily be mistaken for a malignant neoplasm both clinically and histologically. We report a case of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder in which 3D-CT cystoscopy aided in the diagnosis. A 38-year-old man presented with persistent miction pain, penile pain, and dysuria despite symptomatic treatment at another hospital. Cystoscopic examination, MRI and 3D-CT cystoscopy revealed a 3.0 X 3.0 cm wide-based nonpapillary tumor located at the anterior dome of the urinary bladder. Transabdominal biopsy and transurethral resection were performed and the tumor was suspected to be transitional cell carcinoma. A partial cystectomy and urachus excision were then performed for suspected urachal tumor based upon the radiological examinations. Careful examination of the specimen revealed an inflammatory pseudotumor. We discuss 20 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder including ours.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A transplantable tumor of the urinary bladder in rabbits.

The latency period for induction of urinary bladder carcinoma is at least 2 years in animals that can be followed endoscopically. We studied the possibility of producing a model of malignant urniary bladder tumor in rabbits in less time by transplanting tumor cells. Each of 80 male mixed bred rabbits received 1 ml of tumor cell suspension of Brown-Pearce carcinoma. Transplantation was done subcutaneously, intratesticularly, transurethrally, or aftet cystotomy via injection into the bladder submucosa. Within 2 to 3 weeks malignant tumor growth in the bladder could be shown. Superficial scarification of the mucosa, performed at the same time as transplantation, led to exulceration of the tumor into the bladder lumen. Tumor incidence reached a 80 to 95 per cent level. Metastases in these animals were analogous to human urothelial bladder carcinoma. This malignant tumor model seems especially suitable to study new methods of transurethral therapy for cancer of the urinary bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Eicosanoid synthesis by human urinary bladder mucosa: pathological implications.

Biopsies of human urinary bladder mucosa obtained during cystoscopy were shown to release eicosanoids in the following order: prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). The total and the relative amounts of eicosanoids released were similar to those reported for the rat urinary bladder. These eicosanoids may play a role in modulating the tone and contractility of the bladder as well as affecting cytoprotection of the mucosa. In view of the abundant release of eicosanoids by the bladder, caution must be exercised when considering urinary eicosanoid excretion as reflecting production by the systemic vasculature and/or the kidneys.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1992

A possible role for urinary bladder epithelium in bradykinin-induced contraction in diabetic rats.

Diabetes provokes a greater responsiveness of rat urinary bladder preparations to bradykinin and a greater formation and release of prostaglandin F2 alpha, without affecting prostaglandin E2 release significantly. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin (1 microM) inhibits the contraction elicited by bradykinin and leads to identical contractile responses of control and diabetic urinary bladder strips. Removal of the urinary bladder epithelium does not modify the contractile response evoked by bradykinin in control preparations but significantly decreases the contraction of preparations of diabetic tissues. Quantitatively, the activity of control urinary bladder strips with epithelium and the activity of diabetic preparations without epithelium are the same. More prostaglandin F2 alpha is released into the medium by urinary bladder strips devoid of epithelium in both control and in diabetic rats. These results indicate a role for epithelial cells in the smooth muscle contraction evoked by bradykinin in diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Tissue concentration of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor].

Each of 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor who were operated on at the department of urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals, received 20 mg of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) intravenously at the beginning of surgery. Heparinized peripheral blood samples were collected at regular intervals and separated in plasma and blood cell fractions by centrifugation for the estimation of THP. The THP concentration of the surgical specimen was also studied. In renal cell carcinoma, the surgical specimen was divided into cytoplasm and nuclear fractions, and the THP concentration in each fraction was measured. The THP concentration gradually decreased in the plasma and blood cell fractions with passage of time after the administration in both renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor. In renal cell carcinoma, although the tumor revealed a lower concentration of THP compared with the normal renal cortex and medulla, the nuclear fraction of the tumor showed a higher concentration than those of the normal renal cortex and medulla. In contrast to renal cell carcinoma, the THP concentration of the urinary bladder tumor was found to be higher than those of the normal urinary bladder mucosa and muscle.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder: a case report].

A case of localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is reported. A 82-year-old woman visited our hospital with the chief complaint of miction pain and residual urine sensation. Cystoscopic examination revealed a broad-based and nonpapillary tumor without bleeding on the right lateral wall. A transurethral biopsy of this tumor was performed. A histopathological examination with H.E. and Congo red stains demonstrated amyloid deposition in the submucosal layers of the vesical wall. Rectal biopsy and other findings suggested no deposition of amyloid in other organs. On the basis of these findings, we made a diagnosis of localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the 23rd of localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder in Japan. The patient was asymptomatic after biopsy. We discuss the clinical features and management of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Promoting effect of sodium o-phenylphenate and o-phenylphenol on two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats.

The effects of sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP-Na) and o-phenylphenol (OPP) on 2-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in F344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) at levels of 0.01 or 0.05% in drinking water were investigated. Administration of 2.0% OPP-Na in the diet significantly increased both the incidence and the number per 10 cm of basement membrane of preneoplastic lesions (papillary or nodular hyperplasia; PN hyperplasia) of the urinary bladder in rats pretreated with 0.01% BBN, and also those of papilloma and cancer of the urinary bladder in the group pretreated with 0.05% BBN. Moreover, treatment with 2.0% OPP-Na, without prior BBN initiation, induced PN hyperplasia, papilloma and cancer. In contrast, OPP appeared to produce only a slight increase in the incidence of urinary bladder lesions following BBN, and its effect was not statistically significant. It also did not induce tumors of the urinary bladder. These results provide evidence that OPP-Na has promoting activity toward the urinary bladder while OPP does not. Moreover, the possibility that OPP-Na may be a complete carcinogen in the rat urinary bladder deserves consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Experimental study of the effect of capsaicin on the urinary bladder function in rats.

In order to investigate the effect of capsaicin (CAP) on the urinary bladder function, an in vivo whole bladder study was undertaken in 25 adult healthy Wistar rats. CAP of various concentrations was instilled into the urinary bladder, and intravesical pressure, detrusor contraction and micturition status were recorded; then the trigone of the bladder was cut off and prepared for peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical investigation. The changes on the distribution of Substance P (SP) in control and experimental groups were compared. The results showed that the intravesical application of CAP caused a significant change in the urinary bladder function. At a low concentration of CAP there was a slight increase of maximal detrusor pressure, but at a high concentration of CAP the maximal intravesical pressure was significantly decreased and associated with urinary retention and urinary incontinence. PAP sustaining had shown a depletion of SP in CAP-treated urinary bladder in rats, and this depletion was more significant at high concentrations of CAP. Because this depletion could block C-fiber transmission, detrusor function entered, from primary excitation phase, a late inhibitory phase. This suggests that a local application of CAP into urinary bladder could be used in the treatment of neurogenic bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia) to relieve frequency, urgency, incontinence and improve renal function.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1988

The role of urinary pH and sodium ion concentration in the promotion stage of two-stage carcinogenesis of the rat urinary bladder.

The promoting activities of NaHCO3 and NaCl in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated. Male F344 rats were given 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then treated with basal diet containing either 3% NaHCO3, 1% NaCl or no added chemical for 32 weeks. NaHCO3 significantly increased the induction of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder, whereas NaCl did not. NaHCO3 produced elevation of urinary pH and urinary Na+ concentration. NaCl increased urinary Na+ concentration without the elevation of urinary pH. In an additional experiment, DNA synthesis in the urinary bladder epithelium was significantly increased in the groups given 3% NaHCO3, 5% sodium L-ascorbate and 1% NaCl. These results confirm that urinary components, increase in urinary pH and Na+ concentration play an important role in the promotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Transport physiology of the urinary bladder in teleosts: a suitable model for renal urea handling?

The transport physiology of the urinary bladder of both the freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) and the marine gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) was characterized with respect to urea, and the suitability of the urinary bladder as a model for renal urea handling was investigated. Through the use of the in vitro urinary bladder sac preparation urea handling was characterized under control conditions and in the presence of pharmacological agents traditionally used to characterize urea transport such as urea analogues (thiourea, acetamide), urea transport blockers (phloretin, amiloride), and hormonal stimulation (arginine vasotocin; AVT). Na(+)-dependence and temperature sensitivity were also investigated. Under control conditions, the in vitro trout bladder behaved as in vivo, demonstrating significant net reabsorption of Na(+), Cl(-), water, glucose, and urea. Bladder urea reabsorption was not affected by pharmacological agents and, in contrast to renal urea reabsorption, was not correlated to Na(+). However, the trout bladder showed a threefold greater urea permeability compared to artificial lipid bilayers, a prolonged phase transition with a lowered E(a) between 5 degrees C and 14 degrees C, and differential handling of urea and analogues, all suggesting the presence of a urea transport mechanism. The in vitro toadfish bladder did not behave as in vivo, showing significant net reabsorption of Na(+) but not of Cl(-), urea, or water. As in the trout bladder, pharmacological agents were ineffective. The toadfish bladder showed no differential transport of urea and analogues, consistent with a low permeability storage organ and intermittent urination. Our results, therefore, suggest the possibility of a urea transport mechanism in the urinary bladder of the rainbow trout but not the gulf toadfish. While the bladders may not be suitable models for renal urea handling, the habit of intermittent urination by ureotelic tetrapods and toadfish seems to have selected for a low permeability storage function in the urinary bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reversibility and apoptosis in rat urinary bladder papillomatosis induced by uracil.

Apoptosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinct form of cell death which determines specific patterns of tissue size and shape and balances cell proliferation. In the present study, the sequence of cellular proliferative alterations in urinary bladder epithelium associated with uracil-induced reversible urinary calculi was investigated in male F344 rats. Group 1 consisted of 45 rats, 6 weeks old at commencement of the experiment, which were given a diet containing 3% uracil for 8 weeks and were then returned to basal diet until week 20. Five rats were killed at each of weeks 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 20. Group 2 consisted of 15 rats which were given basal diet for 20 weeks. Five rats were killed at each of weeks 0, 8 and 20. Microscopic, reversible papillomatosis, which showed papillary projections of epithelial proliferation, was seen in the urinary bladder of all rats in group 1 through week 8. No epithelial lesions were apparent in any of rats in group 2. Anti-Le(y)(BM-1/JIMRO)-positive areas of the urinary bladder epithelia were immunohistochemically seen in all rats of group 1 at weeks 2-12. At week 9 the percentage of anti-Le(y)-positive areas reached a maximum. Nick-end labeling stained nuclei of cells in the urinary bladder epithelium were observed in all rats of group 1 at weeks 4-14. At week 10 the labeling index was at a maximum. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and cyclin D1-positive cells of the urinary bladder epithelium were observed in group 1 at weeks 2, 4 and 8, however, at week 9 there were no PCNA- and cyclin D1-positive cells. In urinary bladder papillomatosis the simultaneous existence of apoptotic cells and proliferating cells was shown by double staining with anti-Le(y) (BM-1/JIMRO) and for PCNA. At week 10 apoptosis, stained by BM-1 and nick-end labeling, occurred extensively in regressing urinary bladder papillomatosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA in regressing papillomatosis at week 9 showed DNA fragmentation. Thus, these results indicate that apoptosis occurs in the process of papilloma regression following withdrawal of uracil treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Immunoreactivity of canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated glycoprotein 72.

Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a large, high molecular weight, mucinlike antigen that is expressed in a wide variety of human carcinomas. Three different TAG-72 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated B72.3, CC49, and CC83, were applied to the following archived samples from the dog: 1) 51 transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, 2) 15 hyperplastic/inflamed urinary bladders, and 3) eight normal urinary bladders. Immunoreactivity was detected with an avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method. Fifty-three percent (27/51) of transitional cell carcinomas were positive (> or = 5% staining) for MAb B72.3. MAb B72.3 staining of these transitional cell carcinomas did not statistically correlate with any of the examined features of malignancy, including histologic grade, clinical stage, DNA ploidy, or presence of vascular/lymphatic invasion. In regard to the staining of transitional cell carcinoma by the other two TAG-72 antibodies, 53% (27/51) of the samples were positive for MAb CC83 and 63% (32/51) were positive for MAb CC49. The finding that similar populations of neoplastic urothelial cells in serial sections from the same neoplasm stained with all three TAG-72 antibodies supports the hypothesis that an antigen similar to TAG-72 was expressed in canine transitional cell carcinoma. None of the normal urinary bladders nor any of the hyperplastic/inflamed urinary bladders stained with any of the three TAG-72 antibodies tested. The results of these studies demonstrated that the staining of canine transitional cell carcinoma with all three TAG-72 antibodies was specific for neoplastic urothelial cells and that an antigen similar to TAG-72 was expressed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Fluorescence cytology of the urinary bladder].

5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence cystoscopy is invaluable for diagnosing urinary bladder carcinoma and its precursors. Because neoplastic cells of the urinary bladder possess striking fluorescent properties due to protoporphyrin IX, we initiated a study to evaluate the use of fluorescence microscopy in urinary sediments. In 27 patients suspected of having bladder carcinomas, we instilled 5-aminolevulinic acid into their urinary bladders before transurethral therapy and compared thereafter our studies of standard cytological sediments with those made under fluorescence microscopy. The results of fluorescence cystoscopy and those using urinary sediments for neoplastic cells under fluorescence microscopy correlated extremely well. In this pilot study using fluorescence microscopy, we found that we could diagnose with precision urinary neoplasms of different grades of differentiation. Accordingly, we regard fluorescence microscopy as a valuable complement for standard urinary cytology, especially since with fluorescence microscopy we can readily recognize fluorescing cells of highly differentiated urinary tumors and flat premalignant dysplasias.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗