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PubMed1993

Interactive quantitative analysis of medical images on a PC- or workstation-based system.

Studies in clinical medicine often demand the quantitative analysis of digital CT and MRI cross-sectional images. In many instances, an important requirement is to perform the analysis on a stand-alone graphic workstation. This paper reports on a versatile image analysis software package which runs on several low-cost personal computers, as well as on high-end UNIX workstations. The software package contains basic display and analysis functions, including split-screen, zooming, and quantitative examination of pixels, density profiles, and regions of interest. It has been employed in a number of (foremost orthopaedic) studies.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Collection of selected reaction monitoring and full scan data on a time scale suitable for target compound quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A hybrid linear ion trap/triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to demonstrate the value of collecting full scan qualitative data during quantitative analysis of target compounds. We present examples of the additional information that can be obtained from plasma samples analyzed primarily for target compound concentrations. This information includes detection of circulating metabolites, dosing vehicle, interfering matrix components, and potential interfering drug conjugates. Additionally, the quantitative results from selected reaction monitoring (SRM) analysis and from combined full scan and SRM analysis (SRM/EMS) were compared. The quantitative data in both scan modes are acceptable in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. One can conclude from this work that the hybrid linear ion trap/triple quadrupole mass analyzer can provide in a single analysis both useful qualitative data, and accurate and precise quantitative data from the samples routinely prepared and analyzed for target drug concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Problem of pathology of neurocytes of the trigeminal ganglion in lesions of the head and brain (quantitative analysis)].

Light microscopy was used to study trigeminal ganglia autopsied from victims of neurosurgical pathology. Quantitative analysis of unchanged, reversibly and irreversibly changed trigeminal ganglion neurocytes was performed in the cases of severe trauma of the brain, its tumors, and aneurysms of cerebral vessels. Quantitative data on neurocyte changes were in each case juxtaposed to clinical features of the course of the disease with due consideration of its etiology. The issues concerning pathogenesis of the disease are discussed in relation to trigeminal ganglion neurocytes' alterations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Quantitative analysis of the nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis with capillary zone electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative analysis method for analyzing the nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis with capillary electrophoresis, and compare the difference between natural and the cultured C. mycelia. METHOD: Capillary zone electrophoresis method was employed to quantitate the adenosine, uridine, guanosine and inosine in C. sinensis, with 0.25 mg x L(-1) boric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer, pH 9.5. The working voltage was 20 kV, the temperature was 25 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. RESULT: With the capillary zone electrophoresis method, the average recovery of the above 4 nucleosides was 98.9%, 95.1%, 97.8% and 98.8% respectively, with the RSD 0.4%, 1.7%, 1.3% and 5.0%. There was no adenosine in natural C. sinensis and no inosine in the cultured C. mycelia detected. CONCLUSION: This method can be used to determine the adenosine, uridine, guanosine and inosine in C. sinensis. The nucleosides in C. sinensis produced from Qinghai province and cultured C. mycelia are obviously different.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1984

In vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of insulin-receptor interaction in lean and obese Zucker rats.

Imaging and quantitative analysis of insulin-receptor interaction was studied in vivo in lean and obese Zucker rats, using a recently developed technique in which purified Tyr A14 123I-monoiodoinsulin is intravenously injected and the tracer followed by scintillation scanning. The obese rats were 72% overweight, had near normal blood glucose concentrations and an 11-fold increase in plasma insulin concentration. In both groups of rats, the tracer was rapidly taken up by the liver (by a receptor mediated mechanism) and the kidneys (by a non-receptor mediated process). Past this maximum, radioactivity decreased in both organs as 123I-insulin was degraded and free 123I-iodide was released into the plasma compartment. Heart radioactivity (i.e. blood pool) mirrored that of the liver and kidneys. The rapid initial decrease of blood radioactivity was concomitant with liver and kidney uptake of 123I-insulin. Release of free iodide from these organs induced a slow secondary rise of blood radioactivity followed by a final decline corresponding to clearance of plasma iodide, mainly by urinary excretion. Liver radioactivity profiles of lean and obese rats were parallel. When expressed per g weight, liver radioactivity was significantly decreased in obese rats. However, due to hepatomegaly in obese rats, total liver radioactivity was significantly higher in homozygous fa/fa rats than in lean littermates. Furthermore, if the marked hyperinsulinaemia of the obese rats is taken into account, total bound insulin was enhanced in the liver of fa/fa rats whatever reference is used, either g weight or total liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A quantitative analysis of H-2 linked effects on hepatic ganglioside composition.

We have conducted a quantitative analysis of the gangliosides extracted from brain, spleen, thymus, and liver tissue of 8-week-old male mice from H-2 congenic mouse strains on the B10 background, using high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). An analysis of variance of replicate samples of liver from strains B10, B10.A, and B10.G revealed that the time of sample and colony of origin were not sources of significant variance but that for N-glycolylated gangliosides GM2, GM1, and GD1a, the differences detected between strains were significant. Particularly important were the differences for GM1: the values of 0.0% for B10, 19.0% for B10.A, and 36.0% for B10.G were each significantly different from the others (P less than 0.0005). Further studies with liver tissue from B10/A H-2 recombinant strains also revealed three significantly different levels of GD1a: less than or equal to 4.0% [B10, B10.A (3R), B10.A (5R), B10.A (18R)], 11.0% (B10.A), and 33% [B10.A (1R), B10.A (2R), B10.A (4R)]. Our findings support prior studies which indicate that a gene linked to the H-2 complex affects hepatic GM2 galactosyltransferase activity. However, they also indicate that the current model, which classifies all strains as possessing either an allele for "high" enzyme activity or a single alternative allele for "low" enzyme activity, is probably oversimplified, since at least three levels of enzyme activity appear to exist as stable phenotypic markers. Moreover, the current model cannot readily account for the three different levels of GD1a observed with B10/A H-2 recombinants. Alternative models are proposed, including the novel suggestion that a distinct H-2 linked gene may affect hepatic GM1 sialyltransferase activity. These findings demonstrate that further study of H-2 linked genes affecting the activities of glycosyltransferases is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative analysis of 8-hydroxyguanine in peripheral blood cells: an application for asbestosis patients.

The quantitative analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) in human peripheral blood cells was carried out to find integrated biomarkers for estimating cancer risk. The change of the oh8dG levels over time in two healthy volunteers was measured to evaluate a intraindividual variance and each individual value was confirmed to be almost constant when they maintained usual life style. We applied this measurement to asbestosis patients who had worked in dockyard for 19-42 years. The oh8dG were detected in all samples and ranged from 0.77 to 1.28/10(5) deoxyguanosine (dG)8. No significant differences was observed in mean values of oh8dG between patients (1.00 +/- 0.17/10(5)dG) and hospital control group without asbestos exposure (1.03 +/- 0.20/10(5)dG) No association was found with the status of cigarette smoking. The oh8dG level in peripheral blood cells is therefore not a sensitive biomarker for past asbestos exposure at low levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus. II. Quantitative analysis of type specific antibodies in rabbits immunized with both types of virus.

A quantitative analysis was carried out on type specific antibody developed in rabbits primed with three doses of one type of herpes simplex virus at two week intervals, followed by administration of another type of virus. Complement-requiring neutralizing antibody assay and mutual absorbing methods were used. The homotype specific antibody produced against the type of virus used for priming persisted at a constant level for a long period, despite the lack of antigenic stimuli by the same type after priming. The homotype specific antibody was not affected by the heterotypic antigenic stimuli. On the other hand, the heterotype specific antibody developed after the first or second injection of heterotypic virus, and the titer tended to decline, reaching undetectable levels at 9 months. However, the heterotype specific antibody was produced rapidly after the third injection of virus at 9 months and the titers exceeded or closed to those of the homotype specific antibody. The homotype specific antibodies were mainly distributed in the IgG fraction, while the IgM fraction contained mainly the heterotype specific antibodies. In relationship between type specific antibody response and the values of II/I index, the coexistence of both type specific antibodies was apparent in sera with the values of 91 to 117 of II/I index and in the IgG fraction with the values of 90 to 115, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous multivessel coronary artery spasm demonstrated by quantitative analysis of thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography.

Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative analysis of emission computed tomography was performed during episodes of angina in 19 patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings. Eleven patients (group I) were shown by arteriography to have spasm in 2 or more large coronary arteries. Eight patients (group II) had spasm in only 1 coronary artery. In 7 patients in group I, significant diffuse perfusion defects simultaneously appeared in multiple coronary artery regions on the scintigram (group IA). The extent and severity of the perfusion defect as measured by thallium-201 tomography were significantly greater in group IA than in group II (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The duration of transient ST-segment elevation during the attack in group IA was significantly longer than in group II (p less than 0.001). The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, or complete atrioventricular block during the anginal attack was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in group IA than in group II. In all study patients, neither attack nor scintigraphic perfusion defect appeared on the repeat test after oral administration of nifedipine. In conclusion, multivessel coronary artery spasm simultaneously appears and causes the attack in many patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings, and myocardial ischemia due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm is likely to be more extensive and severe, persist longer and have a higher frequency of potentially dangerous arrhythmias than that due to spasm of only 1 coronary artery.

Angina Pectoris, Variant↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of protein mixtures by second derivative absorption spectroscopy.

A new method for the quantitative analysis of protein mixtures based on multicomponent analysis of the second derivative near uv spectra is described. Using bovine eye lens crystallins, we demonstrate that the technique can provide precise concentrations of closely related proteins within mixtures, under both native and denaturing conditions. We have also successfully used the method to analyze the subunit composition of a heteromultimeric protein aggregate. The method is more rapid and precise than alternative approaches and offers the advantage of substantially reduced interference from many extraneous solution components and light scattering. It is also nondestructive and extremely sensitive, requiring only small volumes of sample at low total protein concentrations. Prospective applications are proposed for the study of eye lens crystallins, as well as for other protein/protein and protein/nonprotein mixtures.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative analysis of rat brain alpha 2-receptors discriminated by [3H]clonidine and [3H]rauwolscine.

Quantitative analysis of direct ligand binding of both [3H]clonidine and [3H]rauwolscine to the rat cerebral cortex alpha 2-receptors indicates the existence of two affinity states of the same receptor populations. In the presence of Mn2+, the high affinity state of [3H]clonidine binding was increased, whereas the high affinity state of [3H]rauwolscine binding was reduced. By contrast, GTP in micromolar ranges caused a decrease of the agonist high affinity state and an increase of the antagonist high affinity state. The total receptor sites and the respective separate affinities for both radioligands were approximately equal to their control values under all conditions, indicating that Mn2+ and GTP modulate the proportion of the two affinity states of the receptor. These results can be incorporated into a two-step, ternary complex model involving a guanine nucleotide binding protein (N protein) for the agonist and antagonist interaction with the alpha 2-receptor. Furthermore, the effects of GTP on the interaction of both ligands with the two affinity states can be mimicked by EDTA. It is suggested that divalent cations induce the formation of the receptor-N protein binary complex showing high affinity for agonists and low affinity for antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A quantitative analysis of axon outgrowth, axon loss, and myelination in the rat pyramidal tract.

A quantitative analysis of the development of the pyramidal tract (PT) was carried out at the level of the caudal medulla oblongata and at the sixth cervical spinal segment (C6), in rats ranging in age from embryonic day 20 (E20) to the adult of 90 days postnatally (P90). The axon number in the right medullary PT rises from 27,000 axons at E20 to 391,000 axons at P4. Growth cones are abundant during this period, but can still be observed occasionally at P7. After P4, the axon number is reduced by 62%, to 150,000 in the adult. A rapid axon loss until P14 is followed by a gradual axon loss, continuing beyond the third postnatal week. A similar biphasic axon loss was observed in the cervical PT. At P2 and at P7, concentrations of electron-dense material were observed in 0.5-0.7% of the axon profiles in the medullary PT. Since at P21 this feature was only observed in 0.2% of the axons, it might represent an early sign of axon loss. Myelination starts in the medullary PT at P7. Especially during the third postnatal week, the number of myelinated axons increases rapidly. In the adult rat PT, both at medullary and cervical levels, about one third of the axons are still unmyelinated. The results indicate that the development of the rat PT is characterized by a gradual outgrowth of its fibers and by a protracted, biphasic axon loss. Furthermore, comparing the PT at the medulla, at C3, and at C6, a rostrocaudal decrease in axon number was observed during development as well as at the adult stage. Therefore, no evidence was found for increased axon branching in the tract in the cervical intumescence.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

A semi-quantitative analysis of Fos expression by mustard oil.

In the present study, a semi-quantitative analysis of Fos expression by mustard oil was performed. For this purpose, mustard oil was applied to the skin of the right hind foot of Wistar rats at various concentrations: 5%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% in liquid paraffin. The distribution and number of activated Fos-positive cells in the stimulated side (ipsilateral) and contralateral side of the spinal cord were investigated following the application. The ED50 of the response was also determined. The number of Fos-labelled cells gradually increased in a dose dependent manner in both sides of superficial layers (laminae I-II) of the spinal cord with increasing concentration of mustard oil. The increase between the doses was found significant in the ipsilateral superficial layers. The increase was significant in the contralateral superficial layers at concentrations above 50%. Very few Fos-labelled cells were observed around the central canal region in all concentrations. Higher doses of the mustard oil did not increase the number of activated cells in the deeper layers. However, the expression in the deeper layers (laminae III-X) does not show a consistent trend. Also, none of the concentrations used produced labelling in neurons of the deep ventral horn neurons or in motor neurons. Forty percent (40%) of mustard oil gave an approximately 1/2 maximum response i.e. an approximate ED 50. This may be important for studies using intrathecal application of antagonist following the mustard oil activation of skin nerve fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Sensitive LC MS quantitative analysis of carbohydrates by Cs+ attachment.

The development of a sensitive assay for the quantitative analysis of carbohydrates from human plasma using LC/MS/MS is described in this paper. After sample preparation, carbohydrates were cationized by Cs(+) after their separation by normal phase liquid chromatography on an amino based column. Cesium is capable of forming a quasi-molecular ion [M + Cs](+) with neutral carbohydrate molecules in the positive ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode, and transitions [M + 133] --> 133 were monitored (M, carbohydrate molecular weight). The new method is robust, highly sensitive, rapid, and does not require postcolumn addition or derivatization. It is useful in clinical research for measurement of carbohydrate molecules by isotope dilution assay.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Application of solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography to qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in human cerebrospinal fluid.

New method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleotides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), based on the combination of extraction of purines and pyrimidines to the solid phase (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was proposed. Use of SPE and lyophilization of samples allowed for the first time to detect the presence of di- and triphosphonucleotides in human CSF. Concentration of those compounds varied from 0.003 to 5.0 microM. Differences in the nucleotide mixture composition in human CSF detected with the new method are coupled with the neurological disorders and might be a basis for an efficient diagnostic tool.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗