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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Developmental regulation of expression of Ran/M1 and Ran/M2 isoforms of Ran-GTPase in mouse testis.

Two isoforms of Ran-GTPase have been described: Ran/M1 and Ran/M2. Ran/M2 is testis specific, whereas the Ran/M1 isoform is also expressed in somatic tissues. Here we show that both mRNAs, differing in 35 of the 648 nucleotides included in the ORFs, are developmentally regulated during spermatogenesis. Real-time RT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the expression of Ran/M1 and Ran/M2 increased in pachytene spermatocytes with progressive transcript accumulation until they reached the round spermatid stage, in the seminiferous epithelium of adults. In the testis, the expression of both isoforms was found to be restricted to germ cells. An expression window from early pachytene spermatocytes to late round spermatids was detected by in situ hybridization.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Damage of the mouse testis by tritiated water and 137Cs-gamma-rays.

Tritiated water at 23.2, 46.3 or 92.5 MBq/animal and 137Cs-gamma-rays at 9.5 Gy (equivalent 370 MBq) or lower doses were administered to 6-week old male C3H/HeNCrj and C57BL/6NCrj mice, as well as F1 Crj: B6C3F1 (C3H x C57BL) progeny. Each set of six to ten animals were autopsied 30 days after the first irradiation. Testis weights were decreased dose dependently, relative values being highest in the C3H and lowest in the C57BL case, with B6C3F1 intermediate. Vacuolization in seminiferous tubules appeared in the 23.2 MBq group and increased with the dose. Focal pyknosis and karyomegaly were found at 46.3 MBq, while primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids disappeared with 92.5 MBq. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells remained after exposure to 9.5 Gy 137Cs-gamma-rays. Sizes of seminiferous tubules were decreased dose dependently, with no strain differences. When male B6C3F1 mice were irradiated with Cs-gamma-rays at 0.119 (equivalent 4.63 MBq tritiated water) or 2.38 Gy (equivalent 92.5 MBq tritiated water), body weights and size of the seminiferous tubules were decreased at both doses, and the larger dose also caused reduction of testis weight and abnormal sperm. However, all changes except for the alteration in weights had disappeared 1 month after the final irradiation. It is considered that the size of seminiferous tubules may be a good parameter for radiation damage in the testis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Developmental changes in inhibin-alpha gene expression in the mouse testis.

Inhibin is a gonadal hormone which is composed of an alpha-subunit and one of two related beta-subunits (betaA, betaB). Inhibin is important for pituitary FSH regulation, normal follicle development and maintenance of the estrous cycle in the female, whereas the role of inhibin in the male is less clear. Thus, we examined the expression of the inhibin-alpha gene in testis during sexual maturation in male mice, to try to gain insight into its functions in the male. Male mice of the ICR strain attained fertility at 6 weeks of age, and histological analysis revealed that a functional testis was formed, with seminiferous tubules which contain mature sperm and with an abundant population of Leydig cells. Parallel with this sexual maturation, inhibin-alpha subunit protein synthesis increased, whereas synthesis of the activin betaA and activin betaB followed with a delayed time course. Inhibin-alpha mRNA also increased during this critical period, and this corresponded to a change in the methylation status of the inhibin-alpha gene. Taken together, our data reveal that activation of inhibin-alpha gene during testis development correlated with the histological maturation of the testis and the acquisition of fertility in male mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Organ cultures of mammalian testes. I. Adult mouse testis].

Organ cultures of adult normal mice testes have shown that the tubular structure is best preserved at 31 degrees C. With the simple anhormonal conditions we have used, the germ cells actively involved in meiosis disappear in ten days, following a stereotyped pattern. During the same time, Sertoli cells become enlarged, with a marked cytoplasmic vacuolisation. After 2 weeks in vitro, the seminiferous tubules are completely filled up with Sertoli cells and no more spermatocytes are recognized.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The influence of soybean riches of phytoestrogens diet in mouse testis histological structure].

Soybean diet, a rich source of phytoestrogenes, affects negatively on the potential fecundity in male mice. It causes spermatogenesis impairment which is manifested by changes in testicular histology. Germ epithelium becomes darker and sheds and a number of produced spermatozoa decreases. On the other hand a number of testicular macrophages significantly rises in Leydig glands.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Changes in fine structure accompanying estrogen-induced tumorigenesis of Leydig cells in the mouse testis.

The development of estrogen-induced Leydig cell tumors in cryptorchid BALB/c mice was studied with the electron microscope. Changes in Leydig cell fine structure are apparent by 10 days after the s.c. implantation of a pellet of diethylstibestrol (DES). The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is diminished, and there is an increase in lipid droplets and free polysomes as compared with untreated cryptochid controls. These alterations persist as the Leydig cells proliferate to form focal areas of hyperplasia in the interstitial tissue. During this period of proliferation, activated macrophages containing large residual bodies appear among the Leydig cells. If DES treatment is continued for several months, malignant Leydig cell tumors, result. They are characterized by a nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism of the Leydig cells and a decreased macrophage population. Virus-like particles are rarely seen within the cell during the period of tumorigenesis. Along with the reduction in smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Leydig cells after DES treatment, evidence from the literature suggests that there is also a decrease in testosterone biosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether these two effect are correlated, since the level of the microsomal enzymes of steroid biosynthesis may vary independently of either the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum or the level of androgen secretion. The increase in lipid droplets seen in Leydig cells after DES treatment suggest the accumulation of precursors from the steroid biosynthetic pathway. The macrophages are though to represent scavenger cells, rather than a primary tumor cell population. The paucity of virus-like particles within altered Leydig cells implies that formed virus is not a prerequisite for tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The effect of hyperthermia on the mouse testis.

The response of different stages of spermatogenesis to heat have been assessed by scoring the cell types in testis tubules at 14, 28 and 35 days after treatment. Deficiencies in spermatids at these times can be related back to the stage that the precursor would have been in 14 and 28 days earlier. On the 35th day the number of repopulated tubules was counted. The testes of CBA mice were heated using a radiofrequency equipment and controlled by a thermocouple in the other testis. Great difficulty was experienced in achieving a uniform temperature of 43 degrees C for a period of 30 minutes. The testes can be grouped into 2 categories: those with an appropriate heat profile and those which were overheated. The data showed that the weight of the testis at 14 days was only 65% of control and had slightly increased by 28 days to 88%. The number of sperm heads and late spermatids decreased to 33% at 14 days, but had increased to 88% by day 28. On the 35th day after heating to 43 degrees C cell depletion and shrinking of the tubules occurred. Sixty-four percent of examined tubules only had normal appearance and were repopulated. This shows that the temperature of 43 degrees C impairs the stem cells and it can be a warning to clinicians who think of applying hyperthermia for treatment of human tumors located in the testis area.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Study on the invasiveness of mouse uterine cervix carcinoma cell (U14) implanted in mouse testis].

A good invasion and metastasis pattern was observed after implanting of U14 tumor cells subcapsular in testis, which provided a new model in vivo for studying tumor invasion and metastasis. The transplantability of U14 tumor-inoculation was 90%, retaining high metastasis in lymph-node (88.8%) and lung (77.7%). On the first day after implantation, U14 tumor cells were in a state of relative rest. On the 3rd day, tumor cells began to proliferate and invade the neighboring tissue along the natural space between seminiferous tubules. Degenerative and atrophic changes of seminiferous tubules appeared in the invasion areas. The process of invasion can be divided into 4 stages, namely latency, proliferation, early invasion and late invasion.

Animals↗