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PubMed1975

Influence of halothane on calcium movements in isolated heart muscle and in isolated plasma membranes.

The influence of halothane on cellular calcium movements was studied in guinea-pig isolated atria and in isolated plasma membrane from guinea-pig myocardial muscle. In spontaneously beating atria halothane (1.6 X 10(-4) M) significantly reduced the rate of 45Ca-accumulation, but the total tissue calcium content and the exchangeable fractions remained unchanged. In isolated plasma membranes the rate of 45Ca- uptake was increased by halothane. Moreover, the binding capacity for calcium was increased as well upon exposure to halothane in concentrations that are sufficiently elevated to depress cardiac contractile force. This finding is interpreted in the sense of a reduced amount of ionized calcium that can be made available for excitation-contraction coupling, owing to the halothane- induced acceleration of calcium binding by plasma membranes. Kinetic experiments in isolated atria had already suggested that halothane probably acts at the level of the outward cell membrane. The changes in membraneous calcium migration may be causally related to the cardiodepressive influence of the anaesthetic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. Special references to bacteria isolated between April 1999 and March 2000].

The annual multicenter studies on isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery and their antimicrobial susceptibility have been conducted in Japan since July 1982. In this paper, the results obtained in the academic year 1999 (from April 1999 to March 2000) have been summarized. Two hundred seven cases were investigated, and 411 strains were isolated from 169 cases (81.6%). Of those strains, 184 and 227 strains were from primary infections and postoperative infections, respectively. In primary infections, the isolation rates of anaerobes, Streptococcus spp., and Escherichia coli were higher than in postoperative infections, while in postoperative infections, those of Gram-positive aerobes were higher than in primary infections. Staphylococcus aureus were most frequently isolated among Gram-positive aerobes, Peptostreptococcus prevotii among Gram-positive anaerobes, E. coli among Gram-negative aerobes, and Bacteroides fragilis among Gram-negative anaerobes. In primary infections, the percentage of Gram-negative aerobes, which gradually increased by the year 1998, decreased in the year 1999. The percentage of Gram-negative anaerobes increased, while that of Gram-negative bacteria was equivalent to that in the last year. In postoperative infections, the percentage of Gram-negative anaerobes, which continuously increased after the year 1990, decreased, while that of Gram-positive aerobes, which decreased in the last year, increased. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus accounted for 70.7% of S. aureus (41 strains). Either the number of strain or the percentage of MRSA decreased. The susceptibilities of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae decreased against third and forth generation cephems, oxacephems, and monobactams. The susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems tend to decrease after the year 1997. S. aureus showed good susceptibilities to the tested drugs including arbekacin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Improvement of pancreatic islet isolation outcomes using glutamine perfusion during isolation procedure.

During procurement, isolation, and transplantation, islets are exposed to high levels of oxidative stress triggering a variety of signaling pathways that can ultimately lead to cell death. Glutamine is an important cellular fuel and an essential precursor for the antioxidant glutathione. The aim of this study was to examine the role of intraductal glutamine administration in facilitating recovery of isolated rat islets from pancreases subjected to a clinically relevant period of warm ischemia. Islets were isolated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 18 per group). Pancreata in groups 1 and 2 were procured immediately while groups 3 and 4 were subjected to 30-min warm ischemia. Groups 2 and 4 were treated intraductally with 5 mM glutamine prior to pancreatectomy. Exposure to 30-min warm ischemia significantly reduced islet yield [groups 1 & 2 (nonischemia): 503 +/- 29 islets/rat vs. groups 3 & 4 (ischemia): 247 +/- 26 islets/rat; p < 0.05]. Intraductal glutamine treatment significantly improved islet yield when pancreata were subjected to 30-min warm ischemia [144 +/- 16 islets/rat without glutamine (group 3) vs. 343 +/- 36 islets/rat with glutamine (group 4), p < 0.05]. Glutamine also significantly improved islet viability (values were 50 +/- 4% in group 4 vs. 27 +/- 3% in group 3, p < 0.05). Similarly, glutathione (reduced) levels were significantly elevated in both glutamine-treated groups; however, this increase was greatest in tissues exposed to ischemia (2.76 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein in group 4 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein in group 3, p < 0.05). Intraductal glutamine administration considerably improves the islet yield, viability, and augments endogenous glutathione levels in pancreata procured after a clinically relevant period of ischemia. Intraductal administration of glutamine at the time of digestive enzyme delivery into the harvested pancreas may represent a simple yet effective tool to improve islet yields in clinical isolations.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Isolation-frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in regional core hospitals in the Nagaoka district of Niigata Prefecture (changes for 3 years)].

We measured MICs of various antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in the Nagaoka district of Niigata Prefecture in 2000 (March-May), 2001 (January-May), and 2002 (March-May). S. pneumoniae: Fifty-six strains were isolated in 2000, 119 strains in 2001, and 88 strains in 2002. In 2000, 2001, and 2002, 24 strains (42.9%), 58 strains (48.7%), and 40 strains (45.5%), respectively, were penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP), and 4 strains (7.1%), 12 strains (10.1%), and 7 strains (8.0%), respectively, were penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP). Carbapenems had the most excellent antimicrobial activity, followed by penicillin G, against penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), PISP, and PRSP. H. influenzae: Seventy-six strains were isolated in 2000, 154 strains in 2001, and 91 strains in 2002. In 2000, 2001, and 2002, 6 strains (7.9%), 8 strains (5.2%), and 7 strains (7.7%), respectively, were beta-lactamase-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-resistant strains (MIC > or = 2 micrograms/ml), showing no increase, and 14 strains (18.4%), 70 strains (45.5%), and 31 strains (34.1%), respectively, were beta-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant strains (MIC > or = 2 micrograms/ml), showing a slight increase. Ceftriaxon, meropenem (MEPM), and levofloxacin had excellent antimicrobial activity against these resistant strains. P. aeruginosa: In 2000, 2001, and 2002, 135, 74, and 91 strains, respectively, were isolated, and 14 strains (10.4%), 17 strains (23.0%), and 24 strains (26.4%), respectively, were imipenem-resistant (MIC > or = 16 micrograms/ml), showing a slight increase. MEPM, biapenem, and ciprofloxacin had excellent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Stimulation of glycine catabolism in isolated perfused rat liver by calcium mobilizing hormones and in isolated rat liver mitochondria by submicromolar concentrations of calcium.

Glucagon stimulates flux through the glycine cleavage system (GCS) in isolated rat hepatocytes (Jois, M., Hall, B., Fewer, K., and Brosnan, J. T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3347-3351. In the present study, flux through GCS was measured in isolated rat liver perfused with 100 nM glucagon, 1 microM epinephrine, 1 microM norepinephrine, 10 microM phenylephrine, or 100 nM vasopressin. These hormones increased flux through GCS in perfused rat liver by 100-200% above the basal rate. The possibility that the stimulation of flux by adrenergic agonists and vasopressin is mediated by increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ which in turn could regulate mitochondrial glycine catabolism was examined by measuring flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria in the presence of 0.04-2.88 microM free Ca2+. Flux through GCS in isolated mitochondria was exquisitely sensitive to free Ca2+ in the medium; half-maximal stimulation occurred at about 0.4 microM free Ca2+ and maximal stimulation (7-fold) was reached when the free Ca2+ in the medium was 1 microM. The Vmax (nanomoles/mg protein/min) and Km (millimolar) values for the flux through GCS in intact mitochondria were 0.67 +/- 0.16 and 20.66 +/- 4.82 in the presence of 1 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and 3.28 +/- 0.76 and 10.98 +/- 1.91 in presence of 0.5 microM free Ca2+, respectively. The results show that the flux through GCS is sensitive to concentrations of calcium which would be achieved in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes stimulated by calcium-mobilizing hormones.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cadmium on the energy metabolism of isolated hepatocytes: its relationship with the nonviability of isolated hepatocytes caused by cadmium.

The effects of cadmium on the energy metabolism of mitochondria were studied with isolated hepatocytes and rat liver mitochondria. It was found that cadmium inhibited the respiration of both isolated hepatocytes and mitochondria and decreased the ATP content of isolated hepatocytes. This inhibition of energy metabolism of mitochondria was highly related to the nonviability of isolated hepatocytes caused by cadmium. The site of electron transport of the mitochondrial respiratory chain blocked by cadmium was located between cytochrome b and flavo-proteins. The uncoupling effects of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation caused by cadmium may have resulted from changes in the fluidity and permeability of the mitochondrial membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Contaminating coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in a lysis-centrifugation (Isolator) blood culture system. Application of different epidemiological markers for deduction of mode of contamination.

The lysis-centrifugation blood culture system, Isolator, is a promising system with respect to detection of many significant microorganisms, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae, as compared with conventional systems. A drawback of the Isolator system is a disturbingly high rate of clinically insignificant, supposedly contaminating coagulase-negative staphylococci, which leads to considerable waste of time and materials in the laboratory. Several sources of these isolates have been proposed (viz. the patient, the ward environment, the laboratory handling, and the plate media). The aim of this study was to pinpoint the origin of these clinically doubtful coagulase-negative staphylococci, using different epidemiological markers, such as species identification, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, phage-types, and plasmid profiles. Plasmid profile analysis proved to be more discriminating than the other techniques and made it possible to conclude that the laboratory handling of the Isolator system was a major source of coagulase-negative staphylococci in this system.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

[Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. Focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). Reported by the Research Group for Testing Ofloxacin Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates].

Susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in Japan between May, 1985 through March, 1986. These tests were organized by the Research Group for Testing Ofloxacin Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. This paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and Campylobacter jejuni to ofloxacin (OFLX) and conventional antibacterial drugs. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. OFLX showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, C. freundii, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, M. morganii, H. influenzae, A. calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and C. jejuni and only a few strains were resistant to OFLX. Moreover, OFLX has superior antibacterial activity against many species compared not only to norfloxacin but also to most of the conventional antibacterial drugs. 2. When studied by sampled materials such as sputum, urine, abscesses and otorrhea, OFLX occasionally showed different actions against the same species from different sources. Almost species from the urinary isolates were less sensitive than those from the sputum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Effects of polidocanol as a constituent of a venous sclerosing agent on cardiac electrical activity. Studies on the isolated perfused heart and papillary muscle of the guinea pig and on the isolated sinus node of the rabbit.

The effects of a frequently used sclerosing agent (Sotravarix 6%, main constituent polidocanol 60 mg/ml = 0.1 mol/l) on the electrical activity of the isolated perfused guinea pig heart and on transmembrane potential of isolated papillary muscle and sinus node were studied. Application of the sclerosing agent in a dilution of 1:40,000 (corresponding to polidocanol 2.6 x 10(-6) mol/l) caused a significant decrease in frequency (-27%) and (at constant frequency) a significant delay of the atrioventricular as well as of the intraventricular conduction (+105% or + 210%, resp. n = 4). These effects were only slightly reversible in a 30 min wash-out period. In the isolated papillary muscle, the sclerosing agent (dilution 1:10,000; polidocanol 1 x 10(-5) mol/l) decreased the maximum rate of rise of the action potential and shortened its duration, both by about 10%. In the isolated sinus node the same dilution decreased the spontaneous rate by about 8% mainly by reducing the diastolic depolarization rate (-18%). The effects of the sclerosing agent are attributable to the influence of polidocanol and consist in a blockade of the fast sodium channels (local anesthesia) and in additional inhibitory effects on calcium and/or potassium conductance.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

Isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from Edwardsiella ictaluri.

Fifty-five isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA by a rapid alkaline extraction procedure. All 49 isolates from channel catfish and a single isolate from Bengal danio carried 2 plasmids with molecular masses of approximately 3.2 and 3.7 megadaltons (Mdal). Five E ictaluri isolates from other fish contained 1 to 3 plasmids, which had molecular masses ranging from 2.5 to 45 Mdal. The 2 plasmids (3.2 and 3.7 Mdal) from the type strain of E ictaluri (ATCC 33202) were ligated into pUC19 cloning vectors, and restriction endonuclease maps of each insert were prepared.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Lysogeny in Escherichia coli isolated from birds and the spectrum of the lytic action of isolated phage].

Studies was the lysogenicity in a total of 70 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from birds. As many as 19 lysogeneic strains were isolated, yielding 19 phages that had the signature of lysogenic strains. Two serologic groups of phages were established by means of the neutralization reaction. It was found that phages 30 and 229, representing the two serologic groups of bacteriophages could lyse up to 44 per cent of the E. coli strains isolated from birds, 7 per cent of those isolated from calves, and 4 per cent of those from pigs. Out of 74 Salmonella strains, belonging to ten species, the same phages lysed two strains of Salmonella newport and 1 strain of Salmonella anatum. It is believed that phage lysis could be used to establish the source of infection and to evaluate the effectiveness of the prophylactic measures applied, incl. disinfection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Swine vesicular disease viruses isolated from healthy pigs in non-epizootic period. I. Isolation and identification.

A total of 524 fecal samples were collected from healthy swine of 36 hog farms scattered all over Japan from which had been detected neutralizing antibody against swine vesicular disease (SVD) virus. A virus was isolated from 21 of them. It was neutralized by antiserum against SVD virus. Of the 21 samples, 19 were derived from six farms, in areas which remained to be free from SVD in the past years and two from a farm where SVD broke out 18 months before. The cross-neutralization test was carried out with seven strains of SVD virus isolated from healthy pigs (SVDV-H) and five strains of SVD virus isolated from diseased pigs (SVDV-D). There was, however, no significant difference in antigenicity between the two groups. Some strains of SVDV-H were antigenically close to the Faulkner strain of Coxsackie B5 virus, and others to the freshly isolated strain of this virus. Neutralizing antibody of low titer against SVD virus was detected from pigs kept in areas free from SVD. It was presumed to have been produced in these pigs involved in silent infection with this virus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci from cheese and ice-cream samples sold in Ankara and some biochemical properties of the isolates].

Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from different kinds of cheese and ice-cream sold in Ankara and some biochemical properties of these isolates were determined. 55 cheese, 52 ice-cream (107 samples) were examined for the presence of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Baird Parker Medium was used and 26 samples constituting of 13 cheese and 13 ice-cream were found to be contaminated with coagulase-positive staphylococci and ratio of the contaminated samples to the total was calculated as 24.3%. Highest count was determined to be 176, 166/g in Izmir Tulum Cheese, whereas none of the other tulum cheese samples yielded this bacteria. In general, coagulase-positive staphylococci of cheese samples were higher than ice-cream samples. Among the ice-cream samples highest coagulase-positive staphylococci count was obtained in nutty ice-cream. From the 26 contaminated samples 164 coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated. Results indicate that an important number of the coagulase forming isolates were also phosphatase positive, forming pigment and haemolysin, able to utilize mannitol. No relation could be observed between the coagulase formation and ability to produce lysin.

Cheese↗
PubMed1983

[Frequency of isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of strains of coli bacilli from urinary tract infections isolated in private laboratories].

Frequency of isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in private laboratory. The urinary tract infections are not the most frequent infections in man. However cytobacteriological analysis are often required for the diagnosis. The critical evaluation of 3000 analysis brings the followed conclusions: 1) 16% of the analysis correspond to a urinary tract infection; 2) the most frequently isolated germs are E. coli (65%) and Proteus mirabilis (11%); 3) E. coli is always very susceptible to antibiotics especially aminosides (100%) polymyxine E (92%), cotrimoxazole (91%) and quinolones (90%); 4) hospital bacteria can be found with a low frequency. However, in our study, Staphylococcus aureus has been isolated in 6% of the cases. This seems to be in relation with the passage of patients in an obstetric clinic.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic blocker-induced cell damage in rat cardiac tissue. Comparison of three models currently used: the isolated perfused heart, heart cell cultures and isolated myocytes.

In a comparative study on metabolic blockade-induced cardiac cell damage, three different heart (cell) preparations are exposed to potassium cyanide (KCN) and iodoacetamide (IAA) in fixed concentrations (5 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively). The preparations used are the perfused rat heart, isolated rat heart myocytes and rat heart cell cultures. Irreversible heart cell damage is reflected by the release of a cytoplasmic enzyme, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), or HBDH (alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) from the heart (cell) preparations. Metabolic blockade-induced release of 50% of the originally intracellularly located LDH or HBDH is reached after 2-3 h from rat heart cell cultures, after 2-4 h from isolated rat heart myocytes and after variable (coronary flow-dependent) durations of perfusion from perfused rat hearts. It is concluded that to study the effect of toxic agents on myocytic integrity, the use of isolated cardiac myocytes and heart cell cultures is preferable to the use of isolated perfused hearts.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Isolation rates and toxigenic potential of Clostridium difficile isolates from various patient populations.

Stool specimens in various patient populations were examined to determine isolation rates of Clostridium difficile and the frequency with which this organism produces a cytopathic toxin in vitro. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 13 of 45 healthy neonates who had never received antimicrobials and the cytotoxin was detected in 12. With 23 healthy children aged 4 to 24 mo the organism was recovered from 2 children and the cytotoxin was detected in 1. Neither the organism nor the cytotoxin was found in specimens from healthy adults who denied antimicrobial usage during the prior 4 wk. Clostridium difficile was recovered from 12 of 56 adults receiving antimicrobials without diarrhea, but only one specimen yielded the cytotoxin. Both the cytotoxin and the organism were found in stools from most patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. Concentrations of Clostridium difficile, when present, were similar in all patient populations. Broth cultures of 165 isolates of Clostridium difficile showed all strains, but two produced the cytotoxin in vitro. However, the concentration of the toxin was substantially higher with strains recovered from patients with positive toxin assays. These observations indicate that neonates are often asymptomatic carriers of both Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin. In adults, gastrointestinal symptoms correlated best with results of tissue culture assays and with toxigenic potential of the strains isolated.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of advanced hepatoma cured by repeated percutaneous isolated liver perfusion using hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion].

We have reported the treatment results of percutaneous isolated liver perfusion using hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion (HVI.CHP) for unresectable liver cancers. This is a case of multiple advanced hepatoma cured completely by repeated per cutaneous isolated liver perfusion. The patient was a 58-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital for a hepatic tumor detected by abdominal computed tomograpy (CT). On admission, she showed HBs antigen positive, mild anemia and liver dysfunction, and elevation of tumor markers. Abdominal CT demonstrated nodular tumors in segment 4. In addition, hepatic angiography additionally revealed multiple bilobar metastases. We treated this case with high-dose intraarterial adriamycin (150 mg/body) using HVI.CHP. There after, the patient received intermittent intraarterial low-dose epirubicin infusions (30 mg/body, 5 times) via an implantable catheter system. Furthermore, she was given a second high-dose of adriamycin (130 mg/body) under HVI.CHP 7 months after the first treatment. Despite repeated high-dose treatments, she had no severe side effects. The levels of tumor markers, including AFP and PIVKA-II, decreased to normal range, and all tumor nodules have disappeared in abdominal CT studies at present, 20 months after the initial treatment. In conclusion, our experience suggests that advanced hepatoma with multiple bilobar lesions, as in this case, would be cured by repeated percutaneous isolated liver perfusion using HVI.CHP.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The isolation and results of the study of the protein structure of spirochetes isolated from I. ricinus ticks in Byelarus].

Four hundred and eighty Ixodes ricinus (278 female and 202 male) samples collected in the natural biotopes of 13 administrative districts in southwest Byelarus were studied via DSK-H medium (Sigma) inoculation. Twenty-four spirochetes isolates (3, 2, 1, and 18 in the Brest, Gomel, Mogilev, and Grodno regions, respectively) were obtained on the territory of Byelarus. After adapted to the medium, most isolates (as many as 7 x 10(6)-5 x 10(7) microbial cells per ml) in the stationary phase. All the obtained isolates were cryoconserved at the level of 2-6 passages and after -70 degrees C storage during 4-6 months (a followup period) they were able to recover their initial reproductive activity in the fresh BSK-H medium. Proceeding from preidentification using a comparative electrophoretic analysis of the molecular mass of polypeptides, the pattern of their specific reactivity with polyclonal serum antibodies from the rabbit immunized with cultured Borrelia afzelii (Ip21 strain), in immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay, I. ricinus spirochetes were referred to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates.

Animals↗