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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Integration of information from both eyes by single neurons of nucleus rotundus, ectostriatum and lateral neostriatum in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis Gould).

Although the optic nerve in birds crosses completely, visual information from the ipsilateral eye also reaches the ectostriatum, the telencephalic statibon of the tectofugal pathway, by recrossing fibers. These recrossing projections connect the contralateral tectum opticum with the ipsilateral nucleus rotundus, which in turn projects to the ectostriatum. The ectostriatum itself projects to the overlying lateral neostriatum, an area which serves an important role in sexual imprinting. This study shows that contralateral and ipsilateral information converges on single neurons within the nucleus rotundus, the ectostriatal region and the lateral neostriatum. In the three brain areas almost all isolated neurons exhibited responses to contralateral as well as bilateral visual stimuli. The number of neurons responding to ipsilateral stimuli increases from nucleus rotundus to the lateral neostriatum. We did not find any neurons driven exclusively by ipsilateral stimuli. The strength of ipsilateral responses is rather weak within the nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum, but shows a sharp increase in the lateral neostriatum. For most neurons of nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum, an additional ipsilateral stimulus did not significantly affect the response to a contralateral one. In contrast, a strong excitatory effect can be found in the neostriatum. The results are in agreement with previous evoked-potential studies and give new insights on the integration of ipsilateral and contralateral stimuli in zebra finch tectofugal visual pathway.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2000

Neuronal interactions related to working memory processes in the primate prefrontal cortex revealed by cross-correlation analysis.

To understand neuronal mechanisms for manipulating and/or integrating information in working memory processes, we examined functional interactions among prefrontal neurons exhibiting various task-related activities by cross-correlation analysis. Among 168 neuron pairs isolated, 84 (50%) had significant peaks in cross-correlograms (CCGs); 30 had excitatory central peaks at time 0, 38 had excitatory peaks displaced from time 0, 13 had inhibitory central peaks, and three had both excitatory and inhibitory peaks displaced from time 0. Although significant interactions were observed among prefrontal neurons having various task-related activities, the information flow is present from prefrontal neurons having cue-period activity to neurons having oculomotor activity through neurons having delay-period activity. In addition, neuron pairs both having delay-period activity tended to have significant excitatory peaks in CCGs. Further, neuron pairs that had excitatory central peaks in CCGs tended to have similar directional preferences in task-related activities, and this similarity was the highest in neuron pairs both having cue-period activity. Neuron pairs that had displaced peaks in CCGs also showed similarity in directional preferences in task-related activities, and this similarity was also higher in neuron pairs both having cue-period activity. Interactions between neurons exhibiting task-related activity with different directional preferences increase as the temporal sequence of the task progresses. These results suggest that these interactions play an important role for manipulating and integrating information.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The reviewing of object files: object-specific integration of information.

A series of experiments explored a form of object-specific priming. In all experiments a preview field containing two or more letters is followed by a target letter that is to be named. The displays are designed to produce a perceptual interpretation of the target as a new state of an object that previously contained one of the primes. The link is produced in different experiments by a shared location, by a shared relative position in a moving pattern, or by successive appearance in the same moving frame. An object-specific advantage is consistently observed: naming is facilitated by a preview of the target, if (and in some cases only if) the two appearances are linked to the same object. The amount and the object specificity of the preview benefit are not affected by extending the preview duration to 1 s, or by extending the temporal gap between fields to 590 ms. The results are interpreted in terms of a reviewing process, which is triggered by the appearance of the target and retrieves just one of the previewed items. In the absence of an object link, the reviewing item is selected at random. We develop the concept of an object file as a temporary episodic representation, within which successive states of an object are linked and integrated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A virtual environment for investigating schizophrenic patients' characteristics: assessment of cognitive and navigation ability.

Patients with schizophrenia have thinking disorders such as delusions or hallucinations because they have a deficit in the ability to systematize and integrate information. Therefore, they cannot integrate or systematize visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli. The multimodal integration model of the brain can provide a theoretical background from which one can approach multimodal stimulus integration. In this study, we suggest a virtual reality system for the multi-modal assessment of cognitive ability of schizophrenia patients. The virtual reality system can provide multimodal stimuli, such as visual and auditory stimuli, to the patient and can evaluate the patient's multimodal integration and working memory integration abilities by making the patient interpret and react to multimodal stimuli, which must be remembered for a given period of time. The clinical study showed that the virtual reality program developed is comparable to those of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and it provides some information related to the schizophrenic patients' behavior in 3D virtual environment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guidelines for effective integration of information technology in the care of HIV-infected populations.

BACKGROUND: Although information technology (IT) plays an increasingly important role in the delivery of healthcare, specific guidelines to assist human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care settings in adopting IT are lacking. METHODS: Through the experiences of six Special Projects of National Significance - (SPNS) funded HIV-specific IT interventions, key considerations prior to adoption and evaluation of IT are presented. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines to consider prior to adoption and evaluation of IT in HIV care settings. RESULTS: Six sites conducted comprehensive evaluations of IT interventions between 2002 and 2005, encompassing care delivered to 24,232 clients by 700 providers. Six key considerations prior to adoption of IT in HIV care delivery were identified, including IT and programmatic capacity, expectations, participation, organizational models, end-user types, and challenges. Specific evaluation techniques included implementation assessment, formative evaluation, cost studies, outcomes evaluation, and performance indicators. Grantee experiences are used to illustrate key considerations. DISCUSSION: With proper preparation, even resource-poor HIV care delivery programs can successfully adopt IT.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Peptides of love and fear: vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the integration of information in the amygdala.

Neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin regulate a variety of behaviors ranging from maternal and pair bonding to aggression and fear. Their role in modulating fear responses has been widely recognized, but not yet well understood. Animal and human studies indicate the major role of the amygdala in controlling fear and anxiety. The amygdala is involved in detecting threat stimuli and linking them to defensive behaviors. This is accomplished by projections connecting the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) to the brain stem and to hypothalamic structures, which organize fear responses. A recent study by Huber et al demonstrates that vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the excitatory inputs into the CeA in opposite manners. Therefore this finding elucidates the mechanisms through which these neuropeptides may control the expression of fear.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Integrating visual information from successive fixations: does trans-saccadic fusion exist?

It has recently been suggested that there exists a level i the nervous system where a kind of photographic representation of our visual environment is constructed from "snapshots" taken by successive eye fixations. An experiment is presented that argues against this view, and an alternative explanation is put forward to explain why we see the environment as being stable and continuous despite eye movements.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed2001

Linkages between FAO agroclimatic data resources and the development of GIS models for control of vector-borne diseases.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is the largest specialized UN Agency dealing with agriculture, forestry and fishery, particularly in the developing countries. One of its technical services, placed under the Sustainable Development Department, has the responsibility to provide information on environment and natural resources as related to food and agriculture. It includes, among others, expertise in remote sensing, geographic information systems and agrometeorology, production of global environmental digital datasets, meteorological and remote sensing data collection and analysis at near real-time, development of methodologies, models and tools for data standardization, collection, spatialization, analysis and dissemination, networking and information sharing, development of integrated information management systems. Some experience has also been gained in the use of climatic digital datasets for spatial modeling of crop pests and diseases. The description of mapping the distribution of the Western Corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) in Europe as a function of environmental conditions is presented as well as the global assessment of environmental potential constraints based on processing of digital datasets. A simple spatial interpolation routine is briefly explained.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

An approach for integrating heterogeneous information sources in a medical data warehouse.

In recent years, medical professionals are witnessing an explosive growth in data collected by various organizations and institutions. At the same time, the ongoing developments of networking technologies provide doctor with the capability to access these data across the boundaries of interconnected computers. In this paper we present a medical data warehousing methodology that aims to use data semantics to regroup and merge patients' medical data from different health information systems, which may be autonomous and heterogeneous. The proposed solution takes into account European laws concerning the security and anonymity of personal data.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2002

Integration of information about cardiovascular risk factors: how do highly motivated women in a lifestyle intervention programme act and react?

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experience of being at risk and of participating in health interventions. How is information about risk factors handled on an individual level with respect to feeling, thinking and doing? DESIGN: Tape-recorded, open interviews, written out and analysed using a descriptive/analytical method. SETTING: Selected women who had participated in a lifestyle intervention programme aimed at reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Strømstad, a community of 10 000 inhabitants on the west coast of Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eight women in the most active group who had had some contact with the project during the whole period 1985-94. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The creation of core concepts as a result of close text reading through codes and categories. RESULTS: Three core concepts in relation to the handling of risk factors were identified: there is no one but yourself to rely on, resisting invasion, and living with incompatibility, based respectively on the subjects' self-efficacy and self-awareness, their ways of maintaining a good life and their trying to understand the risk-factor concept. CONCLUSION: Risk-factor-oriented health interventions focus on disease and create uncertainty as to the relationship between the concepts of risk and disease. The powerful health resources demonstrated by the women in this study to counterbalance the risk pre-occupation suggest changing to health-oriented interventions that focus on individual health resources.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

An attempted integration of information relevant to schizophrenic subtypes.

The usefulness and validity of traditional subtypes are questionable. The subtypes described in earlier years no longer emerge with the clarity previously described. The four classical subtypes cannot be reliably distinguished and have not been shown to have predictive validity. Subtypes classified along course or prognostic lines may be more clinically useful. Attempts to subdivide schizophrenia along biologic and genetic lines offer promise. Recent efforts to describe new subdivisions of schizophrenia are readily justified, but new descriptive subtypes are likely to prove useful only when validated by biological, genetic, treatment response, and outcome data.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Integrated radiologic information system: a radiology multimedia communication system.

A multimedia radiologic communication system has been developed that achieves the system design goal of providing a clinical communication service that is an efficient improvement over present methods of communication. The system allows users to access, through a workstation, digitized radiographic images, voice reports, and other patient data. Physicians can consult with each other while simultaneously accessing this information through a shared visual workspace, even though they are in different places. The system was designed by a multidisciplinary team including radiologists, clinicians, engineers, user-interface specialists, and psychologists from hospital, university, and research settings in an effort to maximize system performance and clinical utility.

Computer Communication Networks↗