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PubMedDate not supplied

[Guidelines on drug donations are not sufficient for effective coordination: the case of Mostar in former Yugoslavia].

This article deals with the problem of restoring and repairing the supply and distribution of drugs, a vital service damaged by long-term conflicts. During the post-war situation in Bosnia the Authors have been actively involved in the implementation of the Drugs Management Programme whose principal aims were as follows: 1) rationalise the arrival and storage of new drugs; 2) utilise efficiently the stocks of drugs and medical materials at hand; 3) cope with the steady post-war decrease of humanitarian aid drug donations; 4) eliminate the large quantities of expired or inappropriate drugs. The experience stresses the need that all EU countries adopt as far as possible the strict WHO guidelines in their donations to countries in emergency situations. However a very flexible organisation should be set up immediately after the conflict in order to tackle all the problems that, no doubt, will appear in the aftermath of a war.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health-related relief in the former Yugoslavia: needs, demands, and supplies.

INTRODUCTION: Many organizations rally to areas to provide assistance to a population during a disaster. Little is known about the ability of the materials and services provided to meet the actual needs and demands of the affected population. This study sought to identify the perceptions of representatives of the international organizations providing this aid, the international workers involved with the delivery of this aid, the workers who were employed locally by the international organizations, the recipients, and the local authorities. This study sought to identify the perceptions of these personnel relative to the adequacies of the supplies in meeting the needs and demands of the population during and following the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted with representatives of international organizations and workers providing aid and with locally employed workers, recipients of the assistance, and the authorities of the areas involved. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assist in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: Eighty-eight interviews were conducted. A total of 246 organizations were identified as providing assistance within the area, and 54% were involved with health-related activities including: 1) the provision of medications; 2) public health measures; and 3) medical equipment or parts for the same. Internationals believed that a higher proportion of the needs were being met by the assistance (73.4 +/- 16.4%) than did the nationals (52.1 +/- 23.3%; p < 0.001). All groups believed that approximately 50% of the demands of the affected population were being addressed. However, 87% of the international interviewees believed that the affected population was requesting more than it actually needed. While 27% of the international participants believed that > or = 25% of what was provided was unusable, 80% of the recipients felt that > or = 25% of the provisions were not usable. Whereas two-thirds of the international participants believed that > or = 25% of the demands for assistance by the affected community could not be justified, only 20% of the recipients and authorities believed > or = 25% of the demands were unjustified. CONCLUSIONS: Many organizations are involved in the provision of medical assistance during a disaster. However, international organizations and workers believe their efforts are more effective than do the recipients.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2001

CC130 pilot fatigue during re-supply missions to former Yugoslavia.

PURPOSE: Deployment of troops in foreign theaters requires a massive airlift capability. The fatigue encountered in such operations can be severe enough to pose a flight safety hazard. The current study documents sleep and the effect of fatigue on aircrew performance during re-supply missions in support of Canadian troops in Bosnia in 1996. METHODS: Ten routine re-supply missions from Trenton, Canada, to Zagreb, Croatia, were studied and involved 9 pilots and 9 co-pilots. To document their sleep hygiene, all pilots wore wrist actigraphs from approximately 5 d prior to the mission, until the mission was completed. Psychomotor performance was tested during the actual flights. Three psychomotor trials during the outbound transatlantic leg (Trenton to Lyneham, UK) were employed, one trial on the Lyneham-Zagreb-Lyneham leg, and three trials on the return transatlantic leg from Lyneham to Trenton. RESULTS: The amount of daily sleep during the 3-d period prior to the mission steadily decreased from an average of 8 h 40 min per day to 6 h 30 min (p < 0.001). During the missions, the worst night of sleep occurred during the second night overseas. During both transatlantic legs, there were significant decrements in the subjective ratings of alertness (p < 0.001), and increases in physical (p < 0.001) and mental fatigue (p < 0.001). Performance on the logical reasoning task as well as the multitask showed probable fatigue effects during the outbound leg of the missions. CONCLUSIONS: Our transport pilots showed a pattern of progressively decreasing sleep. Self-rated scores for alertness, mental and physical fatigue, indicate a deterioration of alertness, and an increase in fatigue throughout the long transatlantic flights.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of sociodemographic characteristics on health status and quality of life in schoolchildren and adolescents in Yugoslavia].

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life, as a term in medical literature, appeared 3 decades ago. During the 90s, first studies on quality of life among children and youth were presented. Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) was recognized as the most constructive and clear to use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in a random sample of children and adolescents (No = 600) and their parents. The sample was stratified by age, sex, and socioeconomic status of parents. The measurement model was a Yugoslav adaptation of CHQ-CF87 and CHQ-PF50. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Quality of life is a complex phenomenon, impacted by the person's experience, beliefs, expectations and perceptions. Study results confirmed better scores on almost all scales for boys, younger subjects and children with better socioeconomic status. A study performed in USA using CHQ-CF87, showed almost invert results considering gender. Our experience indicates statistically significant differences on 5 scales in favor of boys. All scales showed statistical difference in regard to age, except physical functioning and role (social--physical), especially low scores for older ages. Regarding the socioeconomic status, statistical differences were found at the following scales: mental health scale, family activity scale and family cohesion, with low scores for the group. In general, children health was reported to be worse for less educated, not working, non-married, separated or divorced parents. CONCLUSION: Variations in health and quality of life components showed expected association with sociodemographic factors in both versions of questionnaires. Boys had better scores, as well as children of younger age and better social status.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of life assessment in school-age children and adolescents in Yugoslavia from the viewpoint of the children and their parents].

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life assessment among children is relatively new and a poorly investigated concept. Previous results of investigations indicated that parents and children have different perceptions. The main aim of this study was to review health and quality of life components among schoolchildren and youth, from the aspect of pupils and their parents, and to determine differences in assessment of the investigated concept between children and their parents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on a random sample of children and youth (No 600) and their parents. The assessment model was a Yugoslav adaptation of CHQ-CF87 and CHQ-PF50. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: There is still no adequate answer to the question "who is the most appropriate person to be examined". Over 50% of studies are based on parental assessment. Apart from CHQ-CF87 we have used "parent version" of the questionnaire (CHF-PF50). Comparison of mean values of each scale of both versions of questionnaires significant correlation was established (between 0.31-0.50). However, by investigation of differences between mean values, a significant variation regarding components of health and quality of life between children and their parents was established in 8 out of 10 scales analyzed. CONCLUSION: In our study children valued components of health and quality of life as worse in regard to their parents. Significant differences were established in 8 out of 10 scales analyzed. Significant correlation between children's and parental answers was reached by comparative analysis. The correlation coefficient was 0.31-0.50.

Adolescent↗